International Journal of Social Service and Research

Necrotizing Fasciitis Following Dermal Filler and Thread Lift Procedure: A Case Report with Multidisciplinary and Regenerative Reconstruction Approach

Putri Nurdiyanti — 2026-05-26

The rapid pace of modernization and globalization has placed regional languages in a vulnerable position, at risk of being marginalized. This research aims to analyze the existence of regional languages amid the dominance of the national language and foreign languages, as well as to identify the factors causing a decline in the frequency of regional language use in everyday communication. Using a descriptive qualitative research method with a literature review and sociolinguistic observation approach, this study found that language shift occurs significantly, particularly in urban areas. The main factors influencing this phenomenon include the perception of prestige associated with foreign languages, population migration (urbanization), and the lack of language transmission from parents to children. The research results indicate that although regional languages are still regarded as a cultural identity, their active use continues to decline among Generation Z and Generation Alpha. In conclusion, revitalization is necessary through the integration of digital technology, the strengthening of local content in school curricula, and collective awareness within families as the smallest unit of language preservation. These efforts are crucial to ensure that regional languages do not merely become historical artifacts but remain living languages in the modern era.

Comparative Study on the Application of the Ultimum Remedium Principle in Excise Law: A Comparative Analysis Between Indonesia and ASEAN Countries

Handoko Nindyo Wardono — 2026-05-29

This research evaluates the effectiveness of criminal law enforcement against illegal cigarette excise violations in Indonesia using a socio-legal approach and regional comparisons within the ASEAN region. Empirical data from 2021 to 2024 show that, despite a significant increase in enforcement operations from 5,100 to 8,900 cases, the percentage of illegal cigarettes remained stagnant at around 4 to 6 percent. These findings indicate the ineffectiveness of a purely penal approach in changing market dynamics, mainly due to the existence of legal pluralism, which triggers avoidance responses and conflicts between MSME actors and state law. A comparative study of four ASEAN countries, namely the Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia, and Vietnam, confirms that administrative instruments, distribution supervision, and the use of technology play a much more significant role in supporting the effectiveness of law enforcement than criminal instruments. Based on these findings, the study recommends reconstructing the excise law enforcement mechanism by prioritizing the ultimum remedium principle, whereby the application of criminal penalties is used only as a last resort and is focused on syndicates or large-scale perpetrators. Meanwhile, violations committed by MSMEs should be resolved through a Restorative Fiscal Justice approach in accordance with PP 54/2023, which is oriented toward fiscal recovery and supported by the qualitative differentiation of violators and the simplification of licensing procedures.

Reconstruction of the Regulation on the Cancellation of Arbitration Awards by Courts in the Indonesian Legal System Based on the Principle of Finality of Arbitration and Limitation of Judicial Intervention

Cepi Hendrayani — 2026-05-29

Arbitration is a dispute resolution forum that upholds the principle of finality, whereby an arbitral award is final and binding on the parties. The finality of arbitral awards is a fundamental principle underlying the success of non-litigation dispute resolution mechanisms. However, in Indonesian practice, the mechanism for annulling arbitral awards through the courts is often used as an instrument of judicial intervention that weakens the finality of arbitration. This research aims to analyze the regulatory disharmony concerning the annulment of arbitral awards under Law Number 30 of 1999 and Indonesian judicial practice, and to compare it with several other legal systems. This research uses a comparative legal method with statutory, conceptual, comparative, and case study approaches by comparing the Indonesian arbitration system with those of Singapore under the International Arbitration Act, England under the Arbitration Act 1996, and the UNCITRAL Model Law. The research findings indicate that unclear boundaries of court authority, the absence of technical guidelines for judges, and a culture of judicial supremacy are the main causes of the ineffectiveness of arbitration finality in Indonesia. This research concludes that regulatory reconstruction is needed to align national standards with international practices by affirming the limits of judicial intervention, establishing Supreme Court regulations, enhancing judicial specialization, and harmonizing national arbitration law with the UNCITRAL Model Law in order to strengthen legal certainty and attract investment in Indonesia.

A Juridical Analysis of Data Classification under Regulation of The Minister of Communication and Digital (MoCD) Number 5 of 2025 Concerning Public Electronic System Operators for Public Sector AI Governance

Indri Maria — 2026-05-30

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the public sector offers significant improvements in bureaucratic effectiveness but simultaneously raises serious concerns regarding data privacy, security, and algorithmic bias. In response, the Ministry of Communication and Digital (MoCD) issued Regulation No. 5 of 2025 concerning Public Electronic System Operators to address these challenges. This research aims to analyze the juridical status of data classification under this regulation as a foundational element for establishing safe and ethical AI governance in the Indonesian public sector. This research employs a normative legal research method using statutory and conceptual approaches, with qualitative and prescriptive analysis of secondary legal materials, including primary and secondary legal sources. The findings reveal that MoCD Regulation No. 5 of 2025 provides legal safeguards through data classification into three categories: open data, restricted data, and confidential or closed data. These categories serve as essential parameters for AI algorithms when processing public information. The juridical analysis confirms that data classification is not merely an administrative measure but constitutes a conditio sine qua non—an absolute necessity—for mitigating the risks of data leaks and algorithmic bias in government-level AI systems. The study concludes that harmonizing this regulation with Law No. 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection, commonly referred to as the Personal Data Protection Law, is essential to creating a comprehensive legal framework that ensures AI implementation in the public sector adheres to the principles of data security, privacy protection, and digital sovereignty. This research recommends the development of detailed technical guidelines to operationalize data classification in AI systems and the alignment of consent mechanisms with the Personal Data Protection Law to address the asymmetrical power relationship between the state and citizens regarding the use of public data for AI training.

The Problematics of Unclaimed Royalty Funds in The Governance of National Collective Management Organizations in Indonesia

Maria Magdalena Astrina Bratajaya — 2026-05-30

The management of music royalties is part of the protection of creators’ economic rights, as stipulated in Law No. 28 of 2014 on Copyright, specifically Articles 87 to 93 concerning royalty management through Collective Management Organizations. To improve the effectiveness of royalty collection and distribution, the government established a one-stop management system through the National Collective Management Organization (LMKN), as regulated in Government Regulation No. 56 of 2021. However, in practice, the issue of unclaimed royalty funds persists due to unregistered creators, limited data on the use of works, and the suboptimal integration of the royalty distribution system. This study aims to analyze the legal framework governing music royalty management and the status of unclaimed royalty funds within the National Collective Management Organization system, as well as to examine issues related to the management and distribution of unclaimed royalty funds in the practical governance of the LMKN. The research method used is normative legal research, employing statutory and analytical approaches. The results of the study indicate that the royalty management system is centrally regulated through the LMKN and distributed periodically through Collective Management Organizations (LMKs) to creators based on data regarding the use of works. However, unclaimed royalty funds remain due to data limitations and the fact that some creators have not yet registered with a Collective Management Organization. These funds are temporarily held by the LMKN until the rights holders file a claim. This situation creates uncertainty regarding the fulfillment of creators’ economic rights, thereby necessitating improved data collection, greater transparency in governance, and stronger integration among stakeholders involved in music royalty management.

The Existence of Regional Languages in the Age of Modernization

Dewi Rahayu — 2026-05-26

The Legal Liability of Online Lending Service Providers from the Perspective of Personal Data Protection in Indonesia

Clarrance Mackinnley Filan — 2026-05-26

The development of online loan services in the digital economic ecosystem has increased people's access to financing, but has also raised serious problems regarding the protection of personal data in billing practices. This research aims to analyze the juridical qualifications for disseminating debtors' personal data in the online loan collection process and examine the form of legal responsibility of organizers as data controllers. This normative legal research uses a statutory and conceptual approach, analyzing primary and secondary legal materials through systematic and teleological interpretation to assess unlawful data acquisition or disclosure and corporate responsibility attribution. The research results show that the practice of accessing and disseminating personal data to third parties in the billing process has the potential to fulfill the elements of an unlawful act if it is carried out intentionally and causes harm to the data subject, because it is contrary to the principles of legality, purpose limitation and proportionality in data processing. Furthermore, if the action is carried out within the scope of business activities and for the benefit of the corporation, then responsibility can be imposed on the legal entity as the data controller, so that the practice of collecting online loans is not only a contractual issue, but also a violation of privacy rights which demands corporate accountability within the framework of the rule of law.

Critical Analysis of the Implementation of the Right to Be Forgotten in Addressing Digital Stigma and Personal Data Protection in Indonesia

Alfin Suherman — 2026-05-29

The development of information and communication technology has led to an increased distribution of personal data in the digital space, which has the potential to give rise to various legal issues, one of which is the emergence of digital stigma against individuals who have been involved in criminal justice processes. Information about criminal cases spread through digital media often remains available and easily accessible to the public even after the individual has been declared innocent by the court. This study critically analyzes the implementation of the Right to Be Forgotten (RTBF) in addressing digital stigma and personal data protection within Indonesia's criminal justice system. Using normative juridical methods with a conceptual approach and descriptive qualitative analysis. The person's social life, career prospects, and reputation may all suffer as a result of this illness. Thus, in the digital age, the idea of the Right to Be Forgotten (RTBF) is an essential legal tool for safeguarding personal information and individual privacy rights. The study's conclusions show that while the Indonesian legal system has adopted the Right to Be Forgotten idea, there are still a number of obstacles in the way of its actualization, including unclear data deletion mechanisms, conflicts between individual privacy protection and judicial system transparency, and technical obstacles in deleting digital information. Therefore, To guarantee that the Right to Be Forgotten can successfully safeguard people's rights to privacy and reputation in the digital era, more stringent laws and clear implementation procedures are needed.

The Juridical Construction of The Obligation of Land Deed Officials to Conduct Field Inspections: Theoretical Foundations, Normative Gaps, and Professional Responsibility in Indonesian Land Law

Yanah Susanti — 2026-05-30

The existence of land as a fundamental object of law demands absolute data accuracy in every transfer of rights. This study examines the juridical problems surrounding the obligation of field inspection, or site inspection, by Land Deed Officials (Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah/PPAT), which to date remains without explicit regulation under Indonesia’s positive law. The central issue lies in the tension between formal juridical data and physical field conditions, a discrepancy that frequently gives rise to destructive land disputes. Employing normative legal research through statutory, conceptual, and case analysis approaches, this study identifies a normative gap in Government Regulation No. 37 of 1998 and Government Regulation No. 24 of 2016. The analysis demonstrates that the field inspection obligation constitutes a legal construction derived from the prudential principle and a systematic interpretation of the PPAT’s oath of office, which requires the exercise of due diligence (seksama). Failure to conduct physical verification risks degrading the authenticity of the deed from a public instrument (openbaar document) to a privately executed deed. This study concludes that the transformation of a vague norm into an explicit legal obligation through regulatory reconstruction is urgently required in order to guarantee legal certainty (Rechtssicherheit), substantive justice (Gerechtigkeit), and utility (Zweckmäßigkeit). The principal recommendation is the formalization of standard operating procedures for field inspections, integrated with the electronic land registration system.

Comparative Analysis of Legal Certainty in Fiduciary Guarantees for Defaulting Visit of Justice and Economic Analysis of Law

Wennie Melannie — 2026-05-30

In Indonesia, fiduciary guarantees serve as a critical mechanism for securing credit agreements by providing creditors with the right to execute collateral if debtors default. However, the issuance of Constitutional Court Decisions No. 18/PUU-XVII/2019 and No. 2/PUU-XIX/2021 has significantly altered the execution mechanism, shifting it from parate execution—direct execution without court involvement—to a mechanism that requires either mutual agreement between the creditor and debtor or a court order. This change has created legal uncertainty, particularly regarding the balance between creditor protection and debtor rights. This research aims to analyze the legal certainty of fiduciary collateral execution against defaulting debtors by integrating the perspectives of justice and the Economic Analysis of Law. The method used in this research is a normative legal approach, which examines and analyzes applicable legal provisions as well as theories related to justice and legal economics. In this context, the theory of justice is used to understand the principles of fairness that should be applied in resolving disputes over fiduciary collateral, while the Economic Analysis of Law is employed to evaluate the economic impact of legal practices related to the execution of fiduciary collateral on both creditors and debtors. The findings of this research are expected to provide insights into how the law can achieve a balance between legal certainty, justice for the parties involved, and economic efficiency in the application of fiduciary collateral execution against defaulting debtors.

The Influence of Financial Education, Financial Attitudes, and Lifestyle on The Financial Behavior of E-Commerce Users in Yogyakarta, with Financial Literacy and Self-Control as Moderating Variables

Diah Wulandari — 2026-05-30

The development of e-commerce has encouraged significant changes in people’s financial behavior, particularly in online consumption activities, which often lead to impulsive spending and unwise financial decision-making. This study aims to analyze the influence of financial education, financial attitude, and lifestyle on the financial behavior of e-commerce users in Yogyakarta and to examine the roles of financial literacy and self-control as moderating variables. This research employed a quantitative approach using a survey method involving 313 e-commerce users in Yogyakarta. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) with IBM SPSS Statistics 25. The results showed that financial education, financial attitude, and lifestyle had positive and significant effects on financial behavior. Financial literacy moderated the influence of financial attitude on financial behavior, while self-control did not moderate the influence of lifestyle on financial behavior. The findings indicate that improving financial education and literacy is essential to encourage wiser financial behavior among e-commerce users. In conclusion, financial education and positive financial attitudes play crucial roles in shaping better financial behavior, whereas lifestyle, when balanced with financial management skills, does not necessarily lead to negative consumption patterns. This study highlights the importance of improving financial education and literacy to promote wiser financial behavior in the use of e-commerce.

The Effect of Green Manure from Turi Plants (Sesbania grandiflora) on the Growth and Yield of Yardlong Bean (Vigna sinensis L.) Variety Guarda

Muhammad Zidan Cipta Raihan — 2026-05-26

This research aimed to determine the effect of green manure derived from turi (Sesbania grandiflora) on the growth and yield of yardlong bean (Vigna sinensis L.) cultivar Guarda, as well as to identify the most effective application rate. The research was conducted from November to January 2026 in Cibunar, Tegal Regency, using a single-factor Randomized Complete Block Design with five levels of green manure application: 5, 10, 15, and 20 tons/ha, and 10.8 kg per plant. Each treatment was replicated five times, resulting in a total of 25 experimental units. The observed parameters (plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, leaf area, pod weight per plant, and pod weight per plot), were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results showed that turi green manure had no significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, and pod weight per plant at various observation times. However, a significant effect was observed on leaf width at 21 days after planting, where the application rate of 15 tons/ha produced wider leaves compared to other treatments, potentially enhancing photosynthetic efficiency. In addition, pod weight per plot differed significantly at 45 and 49 days after planting, with the control treatment (0 tons/ha) producing the highest yield at the first harvest (45 days), while the 5 tons/ha treatment showed the best result at 49 days. Overall, turi green manure provided limited benefits, with the optimal application rate ranging from 5 to 15 tons/ha depending on the growth stage and observed parameters.

Green Marketing Strategies and Consumer Behavioral Scenario in Bangladesh Perspective

Md. Sohel Rana — 2026-05-29

Green marketing has emerged as a significant strategic tool for businesses worldwide, especially as environmental awareness and sustainability concerns continue to grow. In Bangladesh, where environmental challenges such as pollution, climate change, and resource depletion are increasingly pressing, green marketing offers both an opportunity and a responsibility for businesses. This research investigates the impact of green marketing strategies on sales performance, market share, and brand profitability, focusing on the Bangladeshi business context. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study combines quantitative data from 200 consumer surveys with qualitative insights from 10 interviews with marketing professionals in Dhaka, Khulna, and Chattogram. The findings reveal that green marketing practices, such as eco-friendly product design, sustainable packaging, environmental branding, and corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives, positively influence consumer behavior, foster brand loyalty, and contribute to improved financial outcomes. The study considers 10 independent variables to measure their effects on consumers’ monthly purchasing preferences. The results demonstrate a significant correlation between effective green marketing efforts and increases in sales and market share. The study concludes that, although green marketing is still evolving in Bangladesh, it holds substantial potential for enhancing both environmental sustainability and business performance. Recommendations are provided for businesses, policymakers, and marketers to create more impactful and trustworthy green marketing strategies. The multiple regression results show that RMI, RED, SPA, GPP, and GMS have positive and significant relationships with consumers’ purchasing preferences.

Law and Society in the Digital Era Regarding the Case of Scholarship Recipients from Education Fund Management Institutions from A Sociological Perspective

Hidayati Hidayati — 2026-05-29

Law and society are interconnected in the digital world. The viral case of a scholarship recipient from the Education Fund Management Institute whose nationalism declined due to insults to the state through social media, sparked a public movement responding to various opinions. This article aims to educate the public on the wise use of social media from a sociological perspective. The sociological research method uses a qualitative approach, employing a sociological perspective of law. The research results, according to social theory in global history, are manifested in the form of neoliberalism, with the intention of viewing society as individuals who behave as economic beings. This addresses the function of law in society to prevent conflicts of interest. If occur, the law becomes a tool used to resolve the consequences of individual violations that insult the state. According to the Law of the Republic of Indonesia, the Education Fund Management Institute Scholarship Agreement between the government and the people meets the requirements for the validity of the agreement as stipulated in Article 1320 of the Civil Code. This means that the agreement is legally binding for the parties bound by it. Violation of the Education Fund Management Institute Scholarship Agreement by failing to return to Indonesia to serve the national interest after completing studies can result in a civil lawsuit. A civil lawsuit based on breach of contract involves failure to fulfill obligations inherent in a valid agreement, namely the existence of a measurable agreement of rights and obligations (performance).

The Effectiveness of Investigations and Prosecutions of Corruption Crimes by the Corruption Eradication Commission, the Police, and the Prosecutor's Office: A Study of the Power of Power in Criminal Law Enforcement

Rusdi Rusdi — 2026-05-30

This research analyzes the effectiveness of investigations and prosecutions of corruption crimes conducted by the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK), the Indonesian National Police, and the Indonesian Attorney General’s Office, focusing on the dynamics of authority disputes within the national law enforcement system. The multiplicity of law enforcement agencies authorized to investigate corruption has created institutional complexity, disharmony of authority, and potential inter-institutional competition that affect the effectiveness of the case-handling process. This research uses a comparative legal system approach by comparing Indonesia’s multi-agency model with jurisdictions that adopt a single-agency model with exclusive authority in eradicating corruption. The research results show that the effectiveness of investigations and prosecutions conducted by the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) is relatively high due to strong regulatory support, independence, and institutional focus on corruption. In contrast, the Police and the Prosecutor’s Office face structural constraints, extensive caseloads, and limited coordination, which affect the quality of case handling. Authority disputes among institutions often give rise to overlapping processes, delays in case handling, and legal uncertainty in determining the most competent institution. Comparisons with other national legal systems show that countries implementing a single-agency model, such as the Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau (CPIB) in Singapore and the Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC) in Hong Kong, are more effective in handling corruption due to clear authority, minimal jurisdictional conflict, and a rapid investigation process. This research concludes that the effectiveness of investigation and prosecution mechanisms in Indonesia needs to be strengthened through the reconstruction of authority design, the strengthening of systemic coordination, and the establishment of clearer jurisdictional boundaries among law enforcement institutions.

Benefit-Sharing from The Utilization of Genetic Resources As an Inclusive, Equitable, and Sustainable Form of Protection For Communal Intellectual Property

Ibrahim Ibrahim — 2026-05-30

Genetic resources hold strategic value for science and industry, and their utilization is often linked to the traditional knowledge of indigenous communities. Indonesian law recognizes Communal Intellectual Property Rights through Law No. 11 of 2013, which ratifies the Nagoya Protocol and emphasizes fair benefit-sharing from the utilization of genetic resources, as well as Government Regulation No. 56 of 2022 on Communal Intellectual Property. However, in practice, the economic utilization of biodiversity has not yet been fully accompanied by fair profit-sharing mechanisms for local communities. This study aims to analyze the legal provisions regarding communal intellectual property rights over genetic resources within the Indonesian legal system and to examine profit-sharing mechanisms for the utilization of genetic resources in order to achieve inclusive, equitable, and sustainable protection for indigenous peoples and local communities. The research method employed is a normative legal approach, using both statutory and conceptual approaches. The findings indicate that mechanisms for sharing benefits derived from the utilization of genetic resources are key instruments for ensuring justice for local communities and supporting the sustainable management of biodiversity. However, regulations regarding this matter remain scattered across various laws and have not comprehensively addressed benefit-sharing mechanisms. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt the principles contained in the Nagoya Protocol, which emphasizes fair and equitable benefit-sharing in agreements with indigenous communities as the rightful holders of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge

Strategies Used by Islamic Religious Education Teachers to Instill Multicultural Values at Darut Taqwa Sooko Wringinanom Gresik, a Topranked Junior High School

Umar Faruq — 2026-05-07

This study aims to analyze the strategies of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers in instilling multicultural values at SMP Favorit Darut Taqwa Sooko Wringinanom Gresik. The background of this research is based on Indonesia’s multicultural society and the importance of education in fostering tolerance, mutual respect, and harmonious living within diversity. This study employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive research type using a case study design. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, with primary sources including PAI teachers and students. The findings reveal that teachers implement multicultural values through structured lesson planning, dialogical teaching methods, discussions, role modeling, and habituation of inclusive attitudes in both curricular and extracurricular activities. Additionally, teachers integrate values such as respect, open-mindedness, and cooperation into the learning process. The implementation of these strategies has proven effective in shaping students’ attitudes toward tolerance, respect for diversity, and social awareness in daily life. This research contributes to the development of multicultural-based Islamic education as an effort to build inclusive and harmonious student character in diverse societies.