Efforts to Protect the Law of Sexual Violence Cases Against Children Relate to Law Number 35 of 2014 Concerning Child Protection
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46799/ijssr.v4i02.731Keywords:
P2TP2A, Children, Sexual ViolenceAbstract
The Integrated Service Center for the Empowerment of Women and Children (P2TP2A) is expected to function as a community-based service institution. This community-based service acts as a crisis center unit by providing complaints, health, rehabilitation, social, counseling, legal assistance, repatriation, and social reintegration services (for trafficking victims). Sexual violence encompasses any action that diminishes, belittles, intimidates, or assaults an individual's body or reproductive capabilities, stemming from imbalanced power dynamics or gender inequalities. Such acts inflict psychological or physical harm, potentially disrupting reproductive health and impeding educational opportunities. Examples include rape and sexual abuse. This research focuses on examining legal protection efforts and identifying obstacles faced by P2TP2A (Integrated Service Center for Women and Children) in handling cases of sexual violence against children, utilizing an empirical juridical approach. The findings reveal that legal protection for children experiencing sexual violence is enshrined in Article 13 of Law Number 35 of 2014, which emphasizes the rights of children to be protected from various forms of harm, including discrimination, exploitation, neglect, cruelty, violence, abuse, and injustice. Supporting factors include the availability of financial assistance to fund P2TP2A activities, the dedication of officers and volunteers who prioritize the welfare of women and children, and the provision of office facilities by the government. However, there are inhibiting factors such as inadequate budget allocation, the unrealized Community-Free Integrated Child Protection Program (PATBN), insufficient human resources, the need for improvement in office facilities and infrastructure, and the lack of safe housing for victims who are still renting.
References
Akram, N., & Yasmin, M. (2023). Sexual violence against women: Global interventions and an evidence from Pakistan. Women’s Studies International Forum, 97. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.WSIF.2023.102691
Arsawati, I. N. J., Darma, I. M. W., & Antari, P. E. D. (2021). A criminological outlook of cyber crimes in sexual violence against children in Indonesian laws. International Journal of Criminology and Sociology, 10, 219–223.
Augusti, E. M., Myhre, M. C., Wentzel-Larsen, T., & Hafstad, G. S. (2023). Violence and sexual abuse rates before and during the Covid-19 pandemic: A prospective population-based study on Norwegian youth. Child Abuse and Neglect, 136. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHIABU.2023.106023
Banarjee, S. (2020). Identifying factors of sexual violence against women and protection of their rights in Bangladesh. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 52. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AVB.2020.101384
Bellizzi, S., Pichierri, G., & Nivoli, A. (2023). Sexual Violence Against Young and Adolescent Girls: The Case of the 2023 Sudan Crisis. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 36(6), 569–570. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JPAG.2023.07.009
Bjørnseth, I., & Szabo, A. (2018). Sexual violence against children in sports and exercise: A systematic literature review. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 27(4), 365–385.
Cappa, C., Cecchetti, R., & Jijon, I. (2023). Ending violence against children: A new international standard to foster data availability. Child Abuse and Neglect, 144. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHIABU.2023.106330
Corboz, J., Pasquero, L., Hogg, C. L., & Rasheed, A. (2023). Enhancing a survivor-centred approach to healthcare provision in Afghanistan: Understanding and addressing the barriers faced by male victims/survivors of sexual violence. Child Abuse and Neglect, 142. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHIABU.2022.105854
Franklin, K., & Herek, G. M. (2022). Sexual Minorities, Violence Against. Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace, & Conflict: Volume 1-4, Third Edition, 2, 304–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-820195-4.00063-7
Ilyasa, R. M. A. (2021). Legal and Victimological Perspective on Sexual Violence against Children Cases in Indonesia. The Indonesian Journal of International Clinical Legal Education, 3(3), 281–300.
Islam, M. J., Suzuki, M., & Mazerolle, P. (2024). Police responses to intimate partner violence incidents involving children: Exploring variations in actions and concerns in an Australian jurisdiction. Child Abuse and Neglect, 147. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHIABU.2023.106568
Jewkes, R., & Dartnall, E. (2023). Sexual violence. Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-99967-0.00111-3
Kamke, K., Mullin, T. M., & Goodman, K. L. (2023). Barriers to Seeking Medical Care Among Youth Victims of Sexual Violence. Journal of Adolescent Health, 73(6), 1077–1082. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JADOHEALTH.2023.06.034
Ligiero, D., De Angulo, B., & Gatera, G. (2023). Prevention, healing, and justice: a survivor-centred framework for ending violence against women and children. The Lancet. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)02518-7
Ligiero, D., Hart, C., Fulu, E., Thomas, A., & Radford, L. (2019). What Works to Prevent Sexual Violence Against Children.
Mathews, B., & Collin-Vézina, D. (2019). Child sexual abuse: Toward a conceptual model and definition. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 20(2), 131–148.
Nation, A., Pacella, R., Monks, C., Mathews, B., & Meinck, F. (2023). Prevalence of violence against children in the United Kingdom: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Child Abuse and Neglect, 146. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHIABU.2023.106518
Ritterbusch, A. E., Liévano-Karim, L., Budker, R., Meyer, S. R., Boothby, N., Mugumya, F., Bangirana, C., Opobo, T., Ampumuza, D., Bosco Apota, J., Mbabazi, C., Nabukenya, C., Kayongo, A., & Ssembatya, F. (2023). Child-led resistance in the streets of the global south: Decolonial perspectives of violence against children outside of family care. Child Abuse and Neglect, 143. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHIABU.2023.106278
Steyn, M., Brits, D., Botha, D., & Holland, S. (2024). Violence against children: A review of cases at a forensic anthropology unit, Johannesburg, South Africa. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 101. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JFLM.2023.102623
Turner, E., Cerna-Turoff, I., Nyakuwa, R., Nhenga-Chakarisa, T., Muchemwa Nherera, C., Parkes, J., Rudo Nangati, P., Nengomasha, B., Moyo, R., & Devries, K. (2022). Referral of sexual violence against children: How do children and caregivers use a formal child protection mechanism in Harare, Zimbabwe? SSM - Qualitative Research in Health, 2. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SSMQR.2022.100184
van Tuyll van Serooskereken Rakotomalala, S., Stok, F. M., Yerkes, M. A., & de Wit, J. B. F. (2023). A mapping of parenting support policies worldwide to prevent violence against children. Child Abuse and Neglect, 146. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHIABU.2023.106484
Velloza, J., Davies, L., Ensminger, A., Theofelus, F. M., Andjamba, H., Kamuingona, R., Nakuta, J., Uiras, W., Massetti, G., Coomer, R., Wolkon, A., Forster, N., & O’Malley, G. (2022). Disclosure and help-seeking behaviors related to sexual and physical violence in childhood and adolescence: Results from the Namibia Violence Against Children and Youth Survey. Child Abuse and Neglect, 128. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHIABU.2022.105624
Walker-Descartes, I., Hopgood, G., Condado, L. V., & Legano, L. (2021). Sexual Violence Against Children. Pediatric Clinics of North America, 68(2), 427–436. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PCL.2020.12.006
Yildirim, N., & Uysal Toraman, A. (2023). Analysis of the descriptive characteristics of female victims of violence applying to the domestic violence office of a court of law. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 96. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JFLM.2023.102510
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 M.Gary Gagarin, Sartika Dewi, Farhan Asyhadi, Lia Amaliya, Zarisnov Arafat
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International. that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
