The Legal Liability of Online Lending Service Providers from the Perspective of Personal Data Protection in Indonesia

Authors

  • Clarrance Mackinnley Filan Universitas Pelita Harapan
  • Fajar Sugianto Universitas Pelita Harapan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.46799/ijssr.v6i5.1394

Keywords:

Personal Data Protection, Online Loans, Corporate Accountability, Privacy Rights, PDP Law

Abstract

The development of online loan services in the digital economic ecosystem has increased people's access to financing, but has also raised serious problems regarding the protection of personal data in billing practices. This research aims to analyze the juridical qualifications for disseminating debtors' personal data in the online loan collection process and examine the form of legal responsibility of organizers as data controllers. This normative legal research uses a statutory and conceptual approach, analyzing primary and secondary legal materials through systematic and teleological interpretation to assess unlawful data acquisition or disclosure and corporate responsibility attribution. The research results show that the practice of accessing and disseminating personal data to third parties in the billing process has the potential to fulfill the elements of an unlawful act if it is carried out intentionally and causes harm to the data subject, because it is contrary to the principles of legality, purpose limitation and proportionality in data processing. Furthermore, if the action is carried out within the scope of business activities and for the benefit of the corporation, then responsibility can be imposed on the legal entity as the data controller, so that the practice of collecting online loans is not only a contractual issue, but also a violation of privacy rights which demands corporate accountability within the framework of the rule of law.

References

Abdullah, A. M. (2024). Pelindungan hak privasi terhadap pengumpulan data pribadi oleh AI generatif berdasarkan percakapan dengan pengguna. Padjadjaran Law Review, 12(2), 145–156. https://doi.org/10.56895/plr.v12i2.1796

Amos, V., & Papalangi, N. (2024). Pinjaman online: Perilaku masyarakat dalam menghadapi fear of missing out (FOMO). Jurnal Manajemen & Bisnis Jayakarta, 6(01), 83–94. https://doi.org/10.53825/jmbjayakarta.v6i01.254

Arista, W., & Rusmini. (2020). Penegakan hukum terhadap layanan aplikasi pinjaman online di masa pandemi di Kota Palembang sebagai upaya perlindungan konsumen. Lex Librum: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.46839/lljih.v9i1.660

Billah, A. (2025). Mitigasi risiko dan efektivitas prinsip 5C dalam pemberian pembiayaan murabahah di KSPPS BMT NU Jawa Timur Cabang Rubaru, 10(3).

Dyah Ochtorina Susanti, & Efendi, A. (2018). Penelitian hukum (legal research). Sinar Grafika.

Fikarudin, W., Martadikusuma, A. D., & Pratama, S. Y. (2025). Kajian tentang budaya hukum sebagai faktor yang memengaruhi pertumbuhan pinjaman online ilegal di Indonesia, 3.

Junarsin, E., Pelawi, R. Y., Kristanto, J., Marcelin, I., & Pelawi, J. B. (2023). Does fintech lending expansion disturb financial system stability? Evidence from Indonesia. Heliyon, 9(9).

Lailiyah, A. (2020). Urgensi analisa 5C pada pemberian kredit perbankan untuk meminimalisir resiko. Yuridika, 29(2). https://doi.org/10.20473/ydk.v29i2.368

Lesmono, A. M. P., Augustin, A. C., Aldebby, A., et al. (2024). Peran koperasi simpan pinjam dalam menurunkan tingkat pinjaman online di sekitar masyarakat Kecamatan Gunungpati.

Maulana Ishaq. (2024). Financial technology: Praktik pinjaman online dalam perspektif ekonomi syariah. Expensive: Jurnal Akuntansi, 3(1).

Muhammad Rizky, Apriyani, R., & Aripkah, N. (2026). Perlindungan hukum dan kepastian hukum terhadap perdagangan data pribadi dalam UU PDP. Mahkamah: Jurnal Riset Ilmu Hukum, 3(1), 117–130. https://doi.org/10.62383/mahkamah.v3i1.1488

Nopiah, R. (2025). Fintech lending: Analysis of the response and existence of peer to peer lending growth in Indonesia. International Journal of Economics (IJEC), 4(1).

Nugroho, L. (2022). Perkembangan finansial teknologi (fintek di Indonesia).

Oktavia, W., & Rahardiansyah, T. (2025a). Analisis hukum terhadap mekanisme penagihan pinjaman online dengan penyebaran data pribadi. Begawan Abioso, 16(1), 41–48. https://doi.org/10.37893/abioso.v16i1.1215

Purwanto, H., Yandri, D., & Yoga, M. P. (2022). Perkembangan dan dampak financial technology (fintech) terhadap perilaku manajemen keuangan di masyarakat. Kompleksitas: Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, Organisasi dan Bisnis, 11(1), 80–91. https://doi.org/10.56486/kompleksitas.vol11no1.220

Qurrotuaini, N. A. (2024). Hak privasi sebagai hak konstitusional di era digital: Kajian yuridis dalam perspektif hukum siber, 4(2).

Richard Ratuwalu, Komsatun, & Dewayani, S. (2025). Perlindungan hukum konsumen fintech P2P lending akibat penagihan oleh pihak ketiga sesuai POJK No.22 Perlindungan Konsumen. Jurnal Riset Rumpun Ilmu Sosial, Politik dan Humaniora, 5(1), 554–570. https://doi.org/10.55606/jurrish.v5i1.6918

Rosedila, S. (2024). Analisis perlindungan konsumen terhadap pelanggaran hak informasi pribadi pada pinjaman berbasis online. Proceedings Series on Social Sciences & Humanities, 17, 125–134. https://doi.org/10.30595/pssh.v17i.1104

Salsabila, S., & Wiraguna, S. A. (2025). Pertanggungjawaban hukum atas pelanggaran data pribadi dalam perspektif undang-undang pelindungan data pribadi Indonesia. Konsensus: Jurnal Ilmu Pertahanan, Hukum dan Ilmu Komunikasi, 2(2), 145–157. https://doi.org/10.62383/konsensus.v2i2.736

Syamila, N., Lie, G., & Syailendra, M. R. (2023). Tindak pemerasan dalam penagihan pinjaman online berdasarkan hukum positif di Indonesia, 1(1).

Ulfa, I. M., & Nugroho, A. S. (2025). Kajian hukum tanggung jawab pidana pemberi pinjaman online atas pelanggaran data pribadi nasabah gagal bayar pada sistem pinjaman online, 3.

Widijantoro. (2019). Hukum perlindungan konsumen jasa keuangan. Cahaya Atma Pustaka.

Downloads

Published

2026-05-26