Public and Tourist Perceptions of
Marine Tourism Development of Anambas Islands Regency
I Wayan
Thariqy Kawakibi Pristiwasa1*, Nurfratna Sari Br.Ht.Gaol2
Batam
Tourism Polytechnic, Batam, Riau Islands, Indonesia1.2
E-mail:
[email protected]1*, [email protected]2
INTRODUCTION
Marine
Tourism is a series of recreational activities carried out on marine or marine
media and include coastal areas, surrounding islands, and ocean areas in terms
of the surface, depth, or basically including underwater ecosystems
Marine
tourism potential in Anambas Islands Riau Islands Province is a tourism
activity that utilizes natural potential as a tourist attraction and a forum
for tourist activities both above the surface in the sea area with the
existence of ecosystems that are rich in diversity of marine biodata types
owned and found in several areas, including 1) Penjalin Island which is very
strategically located and is one of the leading islands of western Indonesia
that is directly eradicated with Singapore, Malaysia and Vietnam, 2). Pulau
Bawah is one of the potential marine tourism that has the main attraction of
three stunning lagoons amid the beauty of Indonesia's tropical islands and the
exploration of mangrove forests and the diversity of ecosystems owned,3) Durai
Island is one of the hidden pearls in the middle of the archipelago that offers
unparalleled natural charm, by having its primary habitat is the habitat of
leatherback turtles which are one of the endemic animals in the region, 4)
Temawan Island with beach potential and underwater ecosystem, and 5) Tanjung
Momong Beach with alluring underwater scenery among beautiful coral reefs (
Disparbud Anambas, 2023).
Marine
tourism development in the Anambas Islands has many types, including tourism
based on natural beauty, culture, maritime traditions and other activities such
as surfing, fishing, and marine festival-based (Disparbud Anambas, 2023). The
contribution of marine tourism encourages local economic growth and employment.
It can increase regional income ( PAD) to optimise fisheries and marine
resources (Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries 2021).
The
district government of Anambas Islands, in developing and managing tourism
areas, has a vision of "Anambas Islands as a leading competitive Maritime
Regency", including in the development of the tourism sector, mainly
marine tourism with the mission of "Developing fisheries and tourism as
the basis of the maritime sector and agriculture oriented to meeting local
needs with a sustainable environment". Broadly speaking, the development
of marine tourism in the Anambas Islands is in the form of providing infrastructure
(not only in physical form), expanding various forms of facilities owned and
involving the role of other tourism business actors (Anambas Regency
Government, 2023).
Previous studies have explored the potential and activities
of marine tourism in the Anambas Islands, yet there remains a research gap
concerning the strategies needed for sustainable marine tourism development in
the region. Therefore, this study aims to explore novel approaches for
sustainable marine tourism development in the Anambas Islands, focusing on
infrastructure enhancement, stakeholder engagement, and environmental
preservation, aligning with the broader vision of transforming the region into
a competitive maritime destination while ensuring the well-being of local
communities and ecosystems.
METHODS
The
author conducted a study on the perception of the public and tourists regarding
developing the Anambas Islands as a marine tourism destination in the Riau
Islands province. The research method employed was direct observation by
researchers at various marine tourism sites, including Penjalin Island, Durai
Island, Green Water Rafting Beach, and Tanjung Momong Beach. Data collection
encompassed both primary and secondary data, facilitated by collaboration with
the Local Government Work Unit (SKPD) operating within the tourism office and
engagement with tourists and the local community. The perception of tourists and
the local community serves as a key indicator and benchmark for assessing the
potential development of marine tourism in the Anambas Islands. This approach
aligns with a comprehensive tourism development concept in the Anambas Islands
Regency, emphasizing the collaborative involvement of government entities, the
community, and randomly selected visiting tourists.
RESULTS
Public
and tourist perception is the process of understanding or giving meaning or
information to an object of tourist attraction, events or relationships with a
visitor's assessment or view of something
The
role of the community and tourists in the development of marine tourism in the
Anambas Islands is very active participation in tourism development, which can
be seen from involvement in the planning process of tourism development,
management and so on. This form can be seen in actively developing tourist
areas by participating in promotional activity programs, following community
development through training, and implementing tourism programs that the local
government and business actors have planned.
Some
communities and locals have been directly involved in recent years to develop
the potential of marine tourism in the region. Tourism development is also
expected to provide opportunities and access for local communities for business
development, such as supporting tourism. It is used to improve the welfare and
standard of living of the locals by allowing them to benefit directly from
tourists more economically through handicraft shops, souvenir shops, food
stalls and the like so that the locals can get more direct economic benefits
from tourists, which is used to improve their standard of living and welfare. Community
involvement in tourism varies greatly and depends on the type of potential,
experience, knowledge and expertise the individual or local community possesses.
The
area of Anambas Islands Regency is a small archipelago in Indonesia, located in
the South China Sea and East Malaysia, West and Kalimantan. It has the
potential for marine island tourism, beaches and underwater ecosystems that are
enchanting for tourists who come to visit. The Anambas Islands Regency was once
known and nicknamed the Diamond city. Still, in the future tourism development,
the term is planned to change to the term Marine City in one of the provinces
in the Riau Islands. Because the development of the tourism sector in Anambas
has geostrategic value and has become one of the enchanting marine tourism
destinations with its potential, it makes Anambas one of the marine ecotourism
destinations that are competitive, prosperous and sustainable in the Riau
Islands Province.
In
analyzing public and tourist perceptions of marine tourism development in
Anambas Islands Regency, it is necessary to distinguish between tourists to
visit the community through the socio-cultural conditions of the local
community. The following is a picture of the research concept outlined in the
visualization of the diagram:
Figure
1. Research Concept
(
Source: Processed by Researchers 2024)
The
following explains the respondent's response based on the research concept
framework, which is the result of processing variable data from respondents'
answers through questionnaires which are described as follows:
Respondents'
Responses on Public Perception of Marine Tourism
Development in Anambas:
Public perceptions in the Anambas Islands Regency
vary regarding tourism development in the region. They are included in the good
category with a value of strongly disagreeing with 1 person, disagreeing with
none, somewhat disagreeing with 2 people, neutral with 44 people, somewhat
agreeing with 83 people, agreeing with 87, strongly agreeing with 33 people
with a total of score of 1351, and ideal score 1750 with a percentage of 77.2%.
This shows that almost all respondents agree that public perception in the
Anamabas Islands Regency has its marine tourism attraction not owned by other
regions in the Riau Islands. Researchers categorize research from respondents
with continuous lines produced as follows:
Table
1. Public Perception
|
Indicator
Community |
Amount in
% |
(Mean) |
Appreciation |
||||||
|
Respondent
Rating Rate |
|||||||||
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
|||
|
Culture |
0,07 |
0,59 |
1,11 |
8,90 |
34,12 |
36,50 |
18,69 |
5,39 |
77,02 |
|
Attraction |
0,00 |
0,00 |
1,10 |
8,50 |
31,87 |
45,71 |
12,82 |
5,46 |
78,00 |
|
Role & status |
0,00 |
0,00 |
0,66 |
10,57 |
29,37 |
47,58 |
11,82 |
5,58 |
79,77 |
|
Shop |
0,24 |
0,63 |
3,57 |
15,87 |
32,14 |
38,10 |
9,44 |
5,04 |
72,00 |
|
Economy |
0,00 |
1,83 |
2,05 |
10,95 |
25,10 |
45,17 |
14,90 |
5,26 |
75,14 |
|
Average |
0,06 |
0,61 |
1,70 |
10,96 |
30,52 |
42,61 |
13,54 |
5,35 |
76,39 |
(Source:
Data Processing Results, 2024)
Table 1. describes that, on average, public
perception of tourism development tends to be high, with 5.35 or 76.39 per
cent. The highest indicator was dominated by role and status behaviour, with an
average of 5.58 or 79.77 per cent, followed by experience with 78 per
cent. Cultural indicators are in third
place with 77.02 per cent, economic indicators occupy the fourth position with
75.14 per cent, and the last is the spending indicator with an average of
75.37. Based on the results of the recapitulation, it can be seen that role and
status behaviour have the highest percentage; it shows that the role and status
of these tourists strongly influence the actions of tourists visiting the
Anambas Islands.
Respondents'
Responses on Tourist Perceptions of Marine Tourism Development in Anambas
Tourists
who come to visit the Anambas Islands Regency are dominated by outsiders from
abroad who can interact well with the development of marine tourism in every
potential tourist attraction they have, in the good category with a value of
strongly disagreeing 1 person, disagreeing 1 person, somewhat disagreeing 2
people, neutral 34 people, somewhat agreeing 59 people, agree 99, strongly agree 54 people with a
total score of 1412, ideal score 1750 with a percentage of 80.68%. This proves
that almost all respondents agree that tourists visiting the Anambas Islands
Regency come from outside (abroad) to observe the region's natural beauty and
marine tourism. Researchers categorize research from respondents with
continental lines as follows:
Table
2. The Continuum of Traveller Perception
|
Traveller indicators |
Amount in % |
(Mean) |
Appreciation |
||||||
|
Respondent Rating Rate |
|||||||||
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
|||
|
Attraction |
0,07 |
0,14 |
0,42 |
9,63 |
20,89 |
42,07 |
26,77 |
5,65 |
80,68 |
|
Experience |
0.07 |
0,43 |
0,67 |
9,19 |
34,84 |
45,37 |
9,86 |
5,40 |
77,08 |
|
Interest |
0,00 |
0,00 |
0,66 |
10,57 |
29,37 |
47,58 |
11,82 |
5,45 |
77,82 |
|
Responsible |
0,00 |
0,00 |
0,66 |
9,41 |
33,82 |
43,24 |
12,87 |
5,44 |
77,71 |
|
Value |
0,00 |
0,00 |
0,22 |
9,63 |
30,63 |
47,26 |
12,25 |
5,48 |
78,34 |
|
Average |
0,02 |
0,11 |
0,53 |
9,69 |
29,91 |
45,10 |
14,71 |
5,48 |
78,33 |
(Source: Data Processing Results, 2024)
Table 2. explains that tourists' perception
towards marine tourism development in the Anambas Islands Regency has a high
average of 5.65 or 80.68 per cent. The highest attitude indicator is the
attractiveness of Anambas Islands Regency, with an average of 5.65 or 80.68 per cent, followed by the
attitude of tourists on the value indicator with 78.34 per cent, then interest
with 77.82 per cent, in fourth position on the tourist responsibility indicator
with 77.71 per cent, and the lowest is the tourist experience with 77.08 per
cent. Thus, the highest indicator of the traveler perception shows
the attractiveness that makes tourists visit the regency.
Respondents' Responses
on Public and Tourist Perceptions of Marine Tourism Development in Anambas
Respondents
who come to the Anambas Islands Regency varied based on the inflation rate and
consumer price index in the region attractive to foreign tourists and public
perception included in the good category with a value of strongly disagree
none, disagree none, somewhat disagree 6 people, neutral 46 people, somewhat
agree 79 people, agree 86, Strongly
agree 33 people with a total score of 1344, an ideal score of 1750 with a
percentage of 76.8%. This proves that almost all respondents agree that the
area is feasible and good to be visited by every tourist and can be developed
according to the attractiveness and potential of each tourist area. Researchers
categorize research from respondents regarding variable inflation rates and
consumer price indices with the resulting continental line as follows:
|
Indicator Public and tourists |
Amount in % |
(Mean) |
Appreciation |
|||||||||||||
|
Respondent Rating Rate |
||||||||||||||||
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
||||||||||
|
Service
products |
0 |
0 |
1,34 |
13,69 |
29,39 |
38,39 |
17,19 |
5,37 |
76,80 |
|||||||
|
Quality
of service |
0,14 |
0 |
0,87 |
11,01 |
28,24 |
30,85 |
28,89 |
5,52 |
78,91 |
|||||||
|
Accessibility |
0 |
0,15 |
1,14 |
16,68 |
29,19 |
39,58 |
13,27 |
5,27 |
75,37 |
|||||||
|
Price
match |
0 |
0 |
1,12 |
16,48 |
26,22 |
40,45 |
15,73 |
5,34 |
76,28 |
|||||||
|
Satisfaction |
0 |
0 |
0,88 |
11,14 |
30,43 |
39,59 |
17,96 |
5,45 |
77,94 |
|||||||
|
Average |
0,03 |
0,03 |
1,07 |
13,80 |
28,69 |
37,77 |
18,61 |
5,39 |
76,60 |
|
||||||
Table
3. Continuum of Public and Traveller Perceptions
(Source: Data Processing Results, 2024)
Table 3. described that public and tourist
perceptions of marine tourism development in Anambas Islands Regency have a
high average trend with an average of 5.37 or 76.80 percent. The indicator of
service products or service quality that is perceived as high by tourists is in
the dimension of service quality with an average of 5.52 or 78.91 percent, then
followed by satisfaction indicators with 77.94 percent, next in the service
product indicator with 76.8 percent, while in the fourth position is price suitability
with 76.28%, and the lowest quality of
service is accsesbility perceived by tourists visiting Anambas Islands, namely
destination accessibility with The average was 5.27 or 75.37 percent. The low
perception of accessibility of destinations in the Anambas Islands needs to be
separately evaluated so that the perception of the quality of marine tourism
development in the region can increase, especially in terms of transportation
and ease of reach from one destination to another. Thus, tourism players in
Anambas need to concentrate on improving accessibility; while the quality of
services provided is good, but nevertheless, it is necessary to remain
consistent and even improve so that tourists can decide to revisit the area.
CONCLUSION
The
study delves into analysing public and tourist perceptions regarding the
development of the Anambas islands as a marine tourism destination in Riau
Islands Province. Through direct observation across various locations such as
Penjalin Island, Pulau Bawah, Durai Island, Temawan Island and Tanjung Momong
Beach, data was collected from primary and secondary sources including the
Local Government Work Unit (SKPD), tourists, and local communities. The
findings underscore the pivotal role of these perceptions in steering the
development of marine tourism in the Anambas Islands. Perceptions, encompassing
the understanding and evaluating of tourist attractions, events, or
relationships within the region, emerge as vital insights for tourist
attraction managers. Notably, active community and tourist involvement in
tourism planning, management, and promotion signifies a promising path towards
harnessing the marine tourism potential of the Anambas Islands. Through local
participation, the aspiration is to unlock significant benefits, enhance
community welfare, and advance sustainable development objectives within the
region.
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Copyright holder: I Wayan Thariqy Kawakibi Pristiwasa, Nurfratna
Sari Br.Ht.Gaol (2024) |
|
First publication rights: International
Journal of Social Service and Research (IJSSR) |
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