Trend Mapping of Traditional Ceremonial
Studies: Systematic Literature Review
Syahrianti Syam1*, Wandi2
Lecture of Institut Agama
Islam Negeri Bone, South Sulawesi, Indonesia1.2
Email: [email protected]*
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Keywords |
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ABSTRACT |
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Study Trends, Traditional Ceremonies,
Systematic Literature Reviews. |
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The rising popularity of
traditional rituals and ceremonies globally, including in Indonesia, has
sparked interest both as heritage practices passed down through generations
and as contemporary subjects of study. This article aims to provide a
comprehensive overview of trends in the study of traditional ceremonies
through a systematic literature review. However, the current abstract falls
short of elucidating the specific criteria used to select the 200 articles.
To address this, the study employed a systematic literature review approach,
examining 200 scholarly articles on traditional ceremonies sourced from
Google Scholar and Crossref databases spanning the
years 2012 to 2022. The systematic literature review utilized the Publish or
Perish application to gather metadata from Google Scholar and Crossref, with subsequent data visualization facilitated
by the VOSviewer application. The outcomes of the
study encompass three main findings: 1) Mapping clusters of study themes
related to traditional ceremonies, 2) Identifying the network of authors
whose works predominantly contribute to the field of traditional ceremonies,
and 3) Uncovering gaps and novel aspects within the realm of traditional
ceremony studies. While the abstract outlines these results, a more detailed
elaboration is essential to enhance the overall depth and contribution of the
study. Specifically, elucidating the criteria used for article selection and
providing a more thorough explanation of the mapping clusters and identified
gaps will significantly improve the clarity and impact of the research. |
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INTRODUCTION
Traditional ceremonies are an integral part of the culture
of the supporting communities
In general, traditional ceremonies have the purpose of
honoring, worshipping, thanking, and asking ancestors and their God
This traditional ceremony is religious in nature and is
considered sacred. Where every human activity always has a purpose and goal to
be achieved, including religious activities
The values and meanings contained in a traditional ritual or
ceremony become relevant to social life because they are inculturated
and become an inseparable part of community life
Changes in value in a traditional ceremony occur due to
globalization and modernization while the essence of the original model and
process is still preserved
To address this gap, this article aims to provide a more
focused approach to traditional ceremonial research by analyzing three key
aspects: 1) Mapping clusters of study themes related to traditional ceremonies,
2) Examining the network of authors contributing to traditional ceremony
studies, and 3) Identifying and addressing shortcomings and innovations within
the existing body of traditional ceremony literature. Through this refined
analysis, the intention is to contribute to a deeper understanding and potential
solutions for the challenges faced in the realm of traditional ceremony
studies.
METHODS
The methodology employed in this article is the systematic
literature review method. The term "systematic literature review"
pertains to the methodology utilized in studies or research endeavors aimed at
gathering and assessing relevant studies related to a specific focal topic. The
primary objective of this approach is to recognize, scrutinize, assess, and
interpret all accessible studies within the scope of the subject matter of
interest, addressing specific research questions. By employing the systematic
literature review method, a comprehensive examination and identification of
relevant journals can be conducted. Each step in this process adheres to
established protocols, as outlined
To
simplify the stages of the process and how systematic literature review works
can be seen as below:
Table
1. Stages of the Systematic Literature Review Process
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No. |
Process Stage Number |
Purpose |
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1. |
Identify
study questions |
Transforming
problems into study questions |
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2. |
Develop
a systematic review review protocol |
Provide
guidance in conducting systematic reviews |
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3. |
Set the
location of the data-base of the results of the Study as a search area |
Provide
a limitation of the Study search area as a search area for relevant study
results |
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4. |
Selection
of relevant study results |
Collect
study results relevant to the study question |
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5. |
Choose
quality study results |
Exclude
and include studies that will be included in systematic reviews based on
article quality |
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6. |
Data
extraction from individual studies
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Extracting
data from individual studies to derive important findings |
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7. |
Synthesis
of results by meta-analysis method or narrative method |
Synthesize
results with metaanalysis techniques or narrative
techniques |
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8. |
Presentation
of the results of writing the results of the study |
writing
systematic review reports in documents |
Source:
Perry &; Hammond, Systematic Literature Review
Applications used to facilitate the systematic literature
review process above are Publish or Perish and VOSViewer.
Publish or perish is designed to describe citation metrics from metadata taken
from indexing institutions such as Google Scholar, Crossref,
Scopus, Web of Science, Microsoft Academic, and Pubmed.
The Publish or Perish application can search for authors, publication names,
titles, and keywords, and can map the year range of articles and the number of
citations. While VOSViewer is used to visualize
bibliographies or data sets that contain bibliographic fields. In the world of
studies, VOSviewer is used for bibliometric analysis,
looking for topics that still have opportunities to be researched (research
gap), looking for the most widely used references in certain fields, and so on.
The traditional ceremonial studies analyzed in this article
come from Google Scholar and Crossref database
metadata. The author does not take from Scopus and Web of Science because the
focus of this article is only taken from Indonesia. The stages in the data
collection process which are then analyzed in VOSviewer
consist of several stages, namely:
1. First
stage. At this stage, the author carries out several processes, namely: 1)
Download journal article metadata with the keyword "traditional
ceremony" from Google Scholar and Crossref using
Publish or Perish. 2). Data is saved in RIS format. 3). RIS data is analyzed
using the VOS viewer application to get visuals. 4). The results of the
analysis with VOSviewer are written in this
article.
2. Second
stage. At this stage, the author carries out several processes, namely: 1).
Download journal articles using Publish or Perish sourced from Crossruff. 2).
Data is saved in RIS format. 3). Convert the data in the author's Mendeley
reference program with the traditional ceremonial folder into RIS format. 4).
Data in RIS format was obtained from Publish or Perish both from Google
Scholar, Crossreff and Mendelay,
the author then analyzed with VOSviewer to obtain
visual data. 5). The results of the analysis are presented in this article.
3. Third
stage. At this stage, the author runs for the third time to get results about
the author network that has been controversial in the study of traditional
ceremonies in the period 2012-2022. The results of data analysis were obtained
in the form of images that show maps and themes that appear based on
categorization in the output of the VOSviewer program
which contains data visualizations such as: 1) the size of connecting lines,
and circles. This is related to the size of the number of VOSviewer
analysis results, 2) some of these numbers become links (networks owned) by
calculating link strength (calculated based on full or fractional counting) and
the number of occurrences. Besides, some types of analysis carried out in this
article include citations will visualize the observed document. The
tested/observed documents will be linked to other documents if they cite other
articles that are equally observed. This analysis is useful for showing the
situation between documents, b. article coupling bibliographies are tested by
visualizing and creating networks if they have the same reference. This
analysis shows the closeness of the study between documents. c. Co-authorship,
analyzing the author's collaboration with other authors. This analysis will
visualize the results based on the author's name, and the author's
organization. The VOS viewer output has three visualization displays, namely
network, overlay, and density visualization.
RESULTS
A cluster of Traditional Ceremony
Studies Themes
As explained earlier,
the initial process consists of 4 stages, namely downloading metadata and then
saving it in RIS format, and then analyzed using the VOSviewer
application, then the results of the analysis are written in this article.
Figure 1. Metadata from
Google Scholar
From Google Scholar
metadata from the 2012-2022 time frame, 200 articles
were obtained, with 3625 citations, an average annual citation of 362.50, an
average citation per article of 18.13, an h-index of 34, a g-index of 59, an hI norm of 24, an annual hI of
2.40, and an hA-index of 12.
Figure 2. Metadata from
Crossref
From Google Scholar
metadata from the 2012–2022 time frame, a total of
1000 articles were obtained, with 292 citations, an average citation per year
of 29.20, an average citation per article of 0.29, an h-index of 8, a g-index
of 12, an hI norm of 7, an annual hI
of 0.70, and an hA-index of 3.
In the comparison of
the two data above, the number of citations between Google Scholar is higher
than Crossref, even though the metadata obtained from
Google Scholar is only 200 articles the total number of citations reaches 3625.
Unlike Crosreff, the number of articles is 1000 but
the number of citations is only 292.
After obtaining
metadata from Google Scholar and Crossref through the
Publish or Perish application, metadata is saved in RIS format. The RIS format
is then analyzed using the VOSviewer application with
the following data display:
Figure 3. Visualization
Results from VOSviewer
Figure 3. above is the
result of visualization using VOSviewer after
entering metadata obtained from the Publish or Perish application, the author
includes (sorting keywords that are in accordance with traditional ceremonies)
and excludes (choosing data that does not match traditional ceremony keywords).
The results obtained can pin keyword clusters into 7 clusters, namely blue,
yellow, green and red. The incarnation of each cluster is presented in the
table below by translating using Indonesian.
Table 2. clusters of
themes related to traditional ceremonies
|
No. |
Clusters |
Indicators contained in
it |
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1. |
Red |
Articles, local wisdom, Rambu Solo ceremony, Tana Toraja,
traditional ceremony, healer |
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2. |
Green |
Analysis, wedding
ceremony, cultural meaning, phenomenological studies |
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3. |
Light Blue |
Japan, Japanese tea
ceremony, language, rituals, traditional knowledge |
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4. |
Yellow |
Character education,
community, function, music, ritual ceremony, village |
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5. |
Purple |
Ceremony, medicine,
prayer, manner |
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6. |
Toska Green |
Attitude, case study,
family, history |
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7. |
Orange |
Bali, nature, Ngalaksa ceremony, process, traditional village, value |
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8. |
Brown |
Funeral ceremonies,
research, traditional culture, transformation |
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9. |
Pink |
Peace, rules, Simalungun wedding ceremony, symbolic meaning |
Figure 4. Visualization
Results from VOSviewer
Figure 4 above is the
result of overlay visualization, this result
categorizes the year of the article. VOSviewer mapped
a network of articles written in 2016 in purple, namely the theme of time,
Japan, language, and traditional practices. The year 2017 was visualized in
Tosca green with themes in the form of traditional ceremonies, processes,
research, transformation, and traditional. The years 2018-2019 are visualized
with green colors, with themes of family, cultural meaning, case studies,
phenomenological studies, and functions. The year 2020 is visualized in yellow
with themes such as shape, symbolic meaning, and the Simalungun
wedding ceremony.
Figure 5 below is a
density visualization. This density visualization visualizes clusters that can
be explained that keywords that are yellow with large circles are items that
are widely researched by scientists, and scholars, while those that are green with
circles tend to be small have few themes and have not been widely discussed by
others. From this picture, you can see the research gap or studies that are
still little studied. The themes are open to be explored and developed by
further research.
Figure 5. Visualization Results from VOSviewer
Author Network of Traditional Ceremony
Studies Theme
This article also talks
about many authors who often write about traditional ceremonies. To analyze the
problem, the author uses the VOSviewer application
with options in co-citation and obtained the following results:
Figure 6. Visualization
Results from VOSviewer
The results of the
Overlay visualization of the relationship between authors can be seen through
the image below.
Figure 7. Visualization
Results from VOSviewer
The results of this
overlay can be mapped by the authors of traditional ceremonial themes starting
in 2018 in purple, namely Setiawan, Setyawan, and Sih. The network of writers of the 2019 traditional
ceremony theme with turquoise green colors is Saddhono,
Andayani, Fauzi, Rakhmawati, and Utami. The year
2020-2021 with green color is Kurnaiwan. In 2022 with
yellow color, namely Wardani, Permatasari.
Figure 8. Visualization
Results from VOSviewer
The mapping of
traditional ceremonial theme writers is derived from metadata from Google Scholar
and Crossreff taken using the Publish or Perish
application and then visualized using VOSviewer. This
writer's network cluster can be mapped from the number of citations to their
articles. This cluster mapping in VOSviewer can only
reach from 2012 to 2022, data from the previous year is not mapped because the
number of citations that may be still low and has not been entered in the
Google Scholar and Crossref databases. Analysis of
the author's network of traditional ceremonial themes shows that the authors
are not connected one by one and indicates that there is no collaboration in
researching traditional ceremonies.
Novelty and Shortcomings in Traditional
Ceremonial Studies
Research on
traditional ceremonies has been explored extensively from diverse perspectives,
encompassing multidisciplinary sciences such as religion, communication,
sociology, psychology, anthropology, and more. This indicates the evolving
nature of the study of traditional ceremonies in response to contemporary
developments. However, the current study, presented in this article, is
constrained in its scope as it examines traditional ceremonies primarily
through the lens of social science, specifically focusing on rituals.
The study
delves into the limitations by utilizing data gathered and processed from the
Google Scholar and Crossref databases, enabling the
mapping of narrative results on the evolution of traditional ceremonial themes
from 2012 to 2022. For instance, Ota T's 2013 research, titled "Tea
Ceremony Is a Portal Site of Traditional Techniques: Sweets Served with Tea as
an Apparatus for Community Care," explores the Chakai
or tea ceremony in Japanese culture. Chakai is not
only a practice of daily tea drinking and eating but also a means of
constructing a philosophical and aesthetic space.
Conceptual
studies on traditional ceremonies have evolved, also finding a place in
reference books. However, the author confines the exploration to articles
indexed in the Google Scholar and Crossref databases.
Additionally, the theme of traditional ceremony studies gained significant
attention in 2018 with Yusha ZM's work on
"Traditional Competitions and Games in the Wedding Ceremony of Chinese Tuvinians (Comparative Aspect)." This research
highlights the rituals performed during wedding ceremonies, emphasizing their
ritual-magic function. Despite societal changes, wedding rituals have persisted
without significant alterations, particularly in the case of Chinese Tuvinians. From 2020 through 2022, traditional ceremonial
discourse has shifted towards examining impact, meaning, and function.
The narrative
mapping of results, drawn from the Google Scholar and Crossref
databases, opens avenues for conceptual innovation in traditional ceremonies
across various multidisciplinary sciences. Recognizing the fast-paced evolution
of societal norms, it becomes imperative to conduct extensive studies on
traditional ceremonies. Moreover, the transformative effects of the pandemic on
traditional ceremonial functions necessitate a deeper exploration of research
development on their existence. This newfound opportunity for studying
traditional ceremonies will contribute to strengthening social science as the
foundational discipline for ritual studies in the future.
CONCLUSION
The
trend of universal traditional ceremony studies both in the world and in
Indonesia can be mapped using the Systematic Literature Review using the
Publish or Perish application by involving 200 articles with traditional
ceremony themes obtained from Google Scholar and Crossref
between 2012-2022. The mapping results of the cluster of study themes related
to traditional ceremonies are local wisdom, Rambu
Solo ceremony, Tana Toraja, traditional ceremonies,
healers, analysis, wedding ceremonies, cultural meanings, phenomenological
studies, Japan, Japanese tea drinking ceremony, language, ritual, traditional
knowledge, community, function, music, ritual ceremony, village, ceremony,
medicine, prayer, Simalungun traditional ceremony and
symbolic meaning. The network of writers on traditional ceremonies themes often
becomes a reference for studies in the field of traditional ceremonies, namely:
Setiawan, Setyawan, Sih, Saddhono, Andayani, Fauzi, Rakhmawati, Utami, Kurniawan, Wardani, and Permatasari. While the novelty of traditional ceremony
studies is in the form of the need for conceptual studies of traditional
ceremonies, studies about the phenomenon of the existence of traditional
ceremonies that transform quickly also need research development studies.
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Copyright
holder: Syahrianti Syam, Wandi (2024) |
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First
publication right: International
Journal of Social Service and Research (IJSSR) |
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