Trend Mapping of Traditional Ceremonial Studies: Systematic Literature Review

Study Trends, Traditional Ceremonies, Systematic Literature Reviews. The rising popularity of traditional rituals and ceremonies globally, including in Indonesia, has sparked interest both as heritage practices passed down through generations and as contemporary subjects of study. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of trends in the study of traditional ceremonies through a systematic literature review. However, the current abstract falls short of elucidating the specific criteria used to select the 200 articles. To address this, the study employed a systematic literature review approach, examining 200 scholarly articles on traditional ceremonies sourced from Google Scholar and Crossref databases spanning the years 2012 to 2022. The systematic literature review utilized the Publish or Perish application to gather metadata from Google Scholar and Crossref, with subsequent data visualization facilitated by the VOSviewer application. The outcomes of the study encompass three main findings: 1) Mapping clusters of study themes related to traditional ceremonies, 2) Identifying the network of authors whose works predominantly contribute to the field of traditional ceremonies, and 3) Uncovering gaps and novel aspects within the realm of traditional ceremony studies. While the abstract outlines these results, a more detailed elaboration is essential to enhance the overall depth and contribution of the study. Specifically, elucidating the criteria used for article selection and providing a more thorough explanation of the mapping clusters and identified gaps will significantly improve the clarity and impact of the research.


INTRODUCTION
Traditional ceremonies are an integral part of the culture of the supporting communities (Ansik et al., 2023;Hariyanto et al., 2024).The existence of these traditional ceremonies is made possible by their function for the life of the community.Although it is inevitable, the preservation of the culture of the area along with the times always undergoes a process of change following the minds of the supporting communities which are always changing and adapting to the situation and conditions of the local area which are changing at any time.
In general, traditional ceremonies have the purpose of honoring, worshipping, thanking, and asking ancestors and their God (Ansik et al., 2023;Werkman, 2014).The implementation of traditional ceremonies and ritual activities has meaning for the community concerned as a means of socialization and strengthening cultural values that apply in people's lives (Adiwijaya et al., 2019;Adom, 2017;Akkas, 2019).
Traditional ceremonies are also one of the social religious institutions needed by the community as an effort to fulfill communication with magical powers or ancestral spirits (Durkheim, 2011).
This traditional ceremony is religious in nature and is considered sacred.Where every human activity always has a purpose and goal to be achieved, including religious activities (Octavianna et al., 2020(Octavianna et al., , 2021)).Regarding this opinion, the Traditional Traditional Ceremony is a symbolic behavior or action of humans in connection with beliefs that have the purpose and purpose of avoiding interference from evil spirits.From some of the above understandings, it can be concluded that traditional traditional ceremonies are a form of tradition that is hereditary which is carried out regularly and orderly according to community customs in the form of a request, or as an expression of gratitude.
The values and meanings contained in a traditional ritual or ceremony become relevant to social life because they are inculturated and become an inseparable part of community life (Munson et al., 2024).Currently, the ceremonial values have undergone changes and shifts so it is feared that they will become extinct.Traditional ceremonies reflect latent and manifest functions, there are also historical, social, religious, pedagogic, and ethical values (Diana, 2018;Satrianegara et al., 2021;Xinsheng, 2023).
Changes in value in a traditional ceremony occur due to globalization and modernization while the essence of the original model and process is still preserved (Magu, 2017;Sartika et al., 2017;Zainuddin, 2023).The existence of traditional ceremonies can be a driver to improve the development of people's lives in various fields, namely: ideology, politics, economy, society, culture, and security defense (Aliyudin, 2018;Astina et al., 2021;Des et al., 2018).
To address this gap, this article aims to provide a more focused approach to traditional ceremonial research by analyzing three key aspects: 1) Mapping clusters of study themes related to traditional ceremonies, 2) Examining the network of authors contributing to traditional ceremony studies, and 3) Identifying and addressing shortcomings and innovations within the existing body of traditional ceremony literature.Through this refined analysis, the intention is to contribute to a deeper understanding and potential solutions for the challenges faced in the realm of traditional ceremony studies.

METHODS
The methodology employed in this article is the systematic literature review method.The term "systematic literature review" pertains to the methodology utilized in studies or research endeavors aimed at gathering and assessing relevant studies related to a specific focal topic.The primary objective of this approach is to recognize, scrutinize, assess, and interpret all accessible studies within the scope of the subject matter of interest, addressing specific research questions.By employing the systematic literature review method, a comprehensive examination and identification of relevant journals can be conducted.Each step in this process adheres to established protocols, as outlined (E, 2019).However, the connection between this chosen methodology and the specific aims of the research, as well as its alignment with the research questions outlined in the introduction, needs further clarification.
To simplify the stages of the process and how systematic literature review works can be seen as below:  (Siswanto, 2012) Applications used to facilitate the systematic literature review process above are Publish or Perish and VOSViewer.Publish or perish is designed to describe citation metrics from metadata taken from indexing institutions such as Google Scholar, Crossref, Scopus, Web of Science, Microsoft Academic, and Pubmed.The Publish or Perish application can search for authors, publication names, titles, and keywords, and can map the year range of articles and the number of citations.While VOSViewer is used to visualize bibliographies or data sets that contain bibliographic fields.In the world of studies, VOSviewer is used for bibliometric analysis, looking for topics that still have opportunities to be researched (research gap), looking for the most widely used references in certain fields, and so on.
The traditional ceremonial studies analyzed in this article come from Google Scholar and Crossref database metadata.The author does not take from Scopus and Web of Science because the focus of this article is only taken from Indonesia.The stages in the data collection process which are then analyzed in VOSviewer consist of several stages, namely: 1.First stage.At this stage, the author carries out several processes, namely: 1) Download journal article metadata with the keyword "traditional ceremony" from Google Scholar and Crossref using Publish or Perish.2).Data is saved in RIS format.3).RIS data is analyzed using the VOS viewer application to get visuals.4).The results of the analysis with VOSviewer are written in this article.2. Second stage.At this stage, the author carries out several processes, namely: 1).Download journal articles using Publish or Perish sourced from Crossruff.2).Data is saved in RIS format.3).Convert the data in the author's Mendeley reference program with the traditional ceremonial folder into RIS format.4).Data in RIS format was obtained from Publish or Perish both from Google Scholar, Crossreff and Mendelay, the author then analyzed with VOSviewer to obtain visual data.5).The results of the analysis are presented in this article.3. Third stage.At this stage, the author runs for the third time to get results about the author network that has been controversial in the study of traditional ceremonies in the period 2012-2022.The results of data analysis were obtained in the form of images that show maps and themes that appear based on categorization in the output of the VOSviewer program which contains data visualizations such as: 1) the size of connecting lines, and circles.This is related to the size of the number of VOSviewer analysis results, 2) some of these numbers become links (networks owned) by calculating link strength (calculated based on full or fractional counting) and the number of occurrences.Besides, some types of analysis carried out in this article include citations will visualize the observed document.The tested/observed documents will be linked to other documents if they cite other articles that are equally observed.This analysis is useful for showing the situation between documents, b. article coupling bibliographies are tested by visualizing and creating networks if they have the same reference.This analysis shows the closeness of the study between documents.c.Co-authorship, analyzing the author's collaboration with other authors.This analysis will visualize the results based on the author's name, and the author's organization.The VOS viewer output has three visualization displays, namely network, overlay, and density visualization.

A cluster of Traditional Ceremony Studies Themes
As explained earlier, the initial process consists of 4 stages, namely downloading metadata and then saving it in RIS format, and then analyzed using the VOSviewer application, then the results of the analysis are written in this article.From Google Scholar metadata from the 2012-2022 time frame, a total of 1000 articles were obtained, with 292 citations, an average citation per year of 29.20, an average citation per article of 0.29, an h-index of 8, a g-index of 12, an hI norm of 7, an annual hI of 0.70, and an hA-index of 3.
In the comparison of the two data above, the number of citations between Google Scholar is higher than Crossref, even though the metadata obtained from Google Scholar is only 200 articles the total number of citations reaches 3625.Unlike Crosreff, the number of articles is 1000 but the number of citations is only 292.
After obtaining metadata from Google Scholar and Crossref through the Publish or Perish application, metadata is saved in RIS format.The RIS format is then analyzed using the VOSviewer application with the following data display: .above is the result of visualization using VOSviewer after entering metadata obtained from the Publish or Perish application, the author includes (sorting keywords that are in accordance with traditional ceremonies) and excludes (choosing data that does not match traditional ceremony keywords).The results obtained can pin keyword clusters into 7 clusters, namely blue, yellow, green and red.The incarnation of each cluster is presented in the table below by translating using Indonesian.Figure 5 below is a density visualization.This density visualization visualizes clusters that can be explained that keywords that are yellow with large circles are items that are widely researched by scientists, and scholars, while those that are green with circles tend to be small have few themes and have not been widely discussed by others.From this picture, you can see the research gap or studies that are still little studied.The themes are open to be explored and developed by further research.

Figure 5. Visualization Results from VOSviewer Author Network of Traditional Ceremony Studies Theme
This article also talks about many authors who often write about traditional ceremonies.To analyze the problem, the author uses the VOSviewer application with options in co-citation and obtained the following results: The results of this overlay can be mapped by the authors of traditional ceremonial themes starting in 2018 in purple, namely Setiawan, Setyawan, and Sih.The network of writers of the 2019 traditional ceremony theme with turquoise green colors is Saddhono, Andayani, Fauzi, Rakhmawati, and Utami.The year 2020-2021 with green color is Kurnaiwan.In 2022 with yellow color, namely Wardani, Permatasari.

Figure 8. Visualization Results from VOSviewer
The mapping of traditional ceremonial theme writers is derived from metadata from Google Scholar and Crossreff taken using the Publish or Perish application and then visualized using VOSviewer.This writer's network cluster can be mapped from the number of citations to their articles.This cluster mapping in VOSviewer can only reach from 2012 to 2022, data from the previous year is not mapped because the number of citations that may be still low and has not been entered in the Google Scholar and Crossref

International Journal of Social Service and Research,
Syahrianti Syam 1* , Wandi 2 IJSSR Page 699 databases.Analysis of the author's network of traditional ceremonial themes shows that the authors are not connected one by one and indicates that there is no collaboration in researching traditional ceremonies.

Novelty and Shortcomings in Traditional Ceremonial Studies
Research on traditional ceremonies has been explored extensively from diverse perspectives, encompassing multidisciplinary sciences such as religion, communication, sociology, psychology, anthropology, and more.This indicates the evolving nature of the study of traditional ceremonies in response to contemporary developments.However, the current study, presented in this article, is constrained in its scope as it examines traditional ceremonies primarily through the lens of social science, specifically focusing on rituals.
The study delves into the limitations by utilizing data gathered and processed from the Google Scholar and Crossref databases, enabling the mapping of narrative results on the evolution of traditional ceremonial themes from 2012 to 2022.For instance, Ota T's 2013 research, titled "Tea Ceremony Is a Portal Site of Traditional Techniques: Sweets Served with Tea as an Apparatus for Community Care," explores the Chakai or tea ceremony in Japanese culture.Chakai is not only a practice of daily tea drinking and eating but also a means of constructing a philosophical and aesthetic space.
Conceptual studies on traditional ceremonies have evolved, also finding a place in reference books.However, the author confines the exploration to articles indexed in the Google Scholar and Crossref databases.Additionally, the theme of traditional ceremony studies gained significant attention in 2018 with Yusha ZM's work on "Traditional Competitions and Games in the Wedding Ceremony of Chinese Tuvinians (Comparative Aspect)."This research highlights the rituals performed during wedding ceremonies, emphasizing their ritual-magic function.Despite societal changes, wedding rituals have persisted without significant alterations, particularly in the case of Chinese Tuvinians.From 2020 through 2022, traditional ceremonial discourse has shifted towards examining impact, meaning, and function.
The narrative mapping of results, drawn from the Google Scholar and Crossref databases, opens avenues for conceptual innovation in traditional ceremonies across various multidisciplinary sciences.Recognizing the fast-paced evolution of societal norms, it becomes imperative to conduct extensive studies on traditional ceremonies.Moreover, the transformative effects of the pandemic on traditional ceremonial functions necessitate a deeper exploration of research development on their existence.This newfound opportunity for studying traditional ceremonies will contribute to strengthening social science as the foundational discipline for ritual studies in the future.

CONCLUSION
The trend of universal traditional ceremony studies both in the world and in Indonesia can be mapped using the Systematic Literature Review using the Publish or Perish application by involving 200 articles with traditional ceremony themes obtained from Google Scholar and Crossref between 2012-2022.The mapping results of the cluster of study themes related to traditional ceremonies are local wisdom, Rambu Solo ceremony, Tana Toraja, traditional ceremonies, healers, analysis, wedding ceremonies, cultural meanings, phenomenological studies, Japan, Japanese tea drinking ceremony, language, ritual, traditional knowledge, community, function, music, ritual ceremony, village, ceremony, medicine, prayer, Simalungun traditional ceremony and symbolic meaning.The network of writers on traditional ceremonies themes often becomes a reference for studies in the field of traditional ceremonies, namely: Setiawan, Setyawan, Sih, Saddhono, Andayani, Fauzi, Rakhmawati, Utami, Kurniawan, Wardani, and Permatasari.While the novelty of traditional ceremony studies is in the form of the need for conceptual studies of traditional International Journal of Social Service and Research https://ijssr.ridwaninstitute.co.id/IJSSR Page 700 ceremonies, studies about the phenomenon of the existence of traditional ceremonies that transform quickly also need research development studies.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Metadata from Google Scholar Figure 3. Visualization Results from VOSviewer

International Journal of Social Service and Research
Source: Perry &; Hammond, Systematic Literature Review