The Growth of Anglonema Dus Anjamani Plants Due to the Composition of the Growing Medium
and Different Water Intervals
Heny M.C. Sine1*, I Komang Sudarma2, Aloysius Ngongo Lende3
Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Kupang, Kupang,
East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia1,2,3
E-mail: henysine2019@gmail.com*
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Keywords |
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ABSTRACT |
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Aglonema,
Growing Medium, Watering Intervals. |
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This research investigates the influence of planting
media and watering intervals on the growth of Aglaonema. The study utilizes a
Randomized Group Design (RAK) with various compositions of planting media,
including husk charcoal, chicken manure bokashi, and eggshell flour, in
ratios M1=1:2:1, M2=2:1:2, M3=3:2:1. Watering time intervals were set as
I1=once every 2 days, I2=once every 4 days, and I3=every 6 days. There were
27 experimental units, each combination repeated thrice. Statistical
analysis, including Sidik Ragam
and Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT), revealed a significant
interaction effect between planting media and watering intervals on plant
height, leaf number, leaf length, and leaf width of Aglaonema. Notably, the
composition 3:2:1 showed the highest growth in plant height (5.03cm), leaf
number (4.53 strands), leaf length (4.83cm), and leaf width (4.13cm). This
composition did not significantly differ from 1:2:2 with a 2-day watering
interval and 3:2:1 with a 2 and 6-day watering interval, but it significantly
outperformed other treatments. The findings contribute valuable insights into
optimizing Aglaonema growth conditions for enhanced quality and productivity. |
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INTRODUCTION
Aglaonema
plant or Sri Rejeki is a leaf ornamental plant that
can live in tropical climates, this causes this plant to be familiar to the
people of Indonesia. This plant has
characteristics on its large leaves, varied shapes, and color patterns also
vary, because these characteristics are not surprising if this plant is a prima
donna for ornamental and nursery plant traders. The high market demand affects
the cultivation production of Aglaonema plants, thus making it possible to use
Aglaonema plants widely. In addition,
this plant has high popularity among the public, and has an expensive selling
value, for some types it can reach Rp.1,000,000 per plant pot
In
2018 Indonesia was able to produce 853,544 potted Aglaonema plants, this
decreased compared to 2017 which was 874,822 pots (Indonesian Central Bureau of
Statistics, 2019). Statistical data in 2019 shows national Aglaonema production
reached 816,468 trees. Aglaonema has a wide variety of varieties, with more
than 22 species of Aglaonema with hundreds of varieties. Aglaonema trends often
change according to the most popular leaf shapes and colors
This
plant requires a growing medium that has fertility physically, chemically, and
biologically. Aglaonema plants are prone to rotting of the roots. The decay is
caused by bacteria or fungi caused by a humid environment, so the planting
media needed in Aglaonema cultivation is a planting medium that is able or easy
to flow water so that the planting media does not store high moisture content
so as not to cause rot in the roots. Furthermore, the planting medium must
contain nutrients needed by plants. Plants in growth need macro and
micronutrients.
One
of the compositions of planting media commonly used for Aglaonema plants is a
mixture of fern, humus, poor sand, and cocopeat with a ratio of 2: 1: 1: 1
Chicken
manure is an organic matter that has good prospects for being used as organic
fertilizer (bokashi), because it has a high nutrient content
Mubarok, et al.,
In
addition to these two-planting media, the addition of eggshell flour can also
help maintain soil pH. Eggshells are household waste
that can be processed and used as a substitute for lime to increase soil pH
Aglaonema, recognized for its low maintenance as it
does not require daily watering, still demands a regulated water supply to
prevent stress and drought. Water, both essential and limiting for plant
growth, plays a crucial role in maintaining physiological processes, including
photosynthesis, and consequently influences crop yield and quality. The absence
or excess of water can lead to a tipping point, causing a decline in plant
processes.
Notably, Zainab and Salmawati's
In light of the aforementioned findings, this research
aims to determine the optimal composition of planting media with specific water
intervals for enhancing the growth of Aglaonema Dus Anjamni. The objective is to achieve improved growth
comparable to or surpassing that obtained using a fern planting media mixture.
This study addresses the need for tailored cultivation strategies to maximize
Aglaonema growth, contributing novel insights to the cultivation practices of
this low-maintenance ornamental plant.
METHODS
Experiment Design and Data Analysis
The study used a Randomized Group Design
(RAK). Treatment tried: Composition of Planting Media with a ratio (v:v:v) of
husk charcoal, chicken manure bokashi, and eggshell flour, M1= husk charcoal +
chicken manure bokashi + eggshell flour (1:2:2), M2= husk charcoal + chicken
manure bokashi + eggshell flour (2:1:2), M3 = husk charcoal + chicken manure
bokashi + eggshell flour (3:2:1) with Watering Time Interval I1= once every 2
days, I2 = once every 4 days, I3 = once
every 6 days and there are 9 combinations, repeated 3 times so that there are
27 experimental units. Each treatment contained 3 pots and 2 sample plants, and
a total of 81 plants. The research data was analyzed
using Sidik Ragam and there was a real effect, followed by Duncan's New
Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) tests at a real level of 5%.
Tools and
Materials
Equipment and materials used:
pots (diameter 15 cm) cuter knives, shovels, buckets, mixed spoons, scales,
hygrometers, thermometers, soil pH, meters, blenders, measuring cups, spoons,
cameras, stationery, Aglonema saplings type of Anjamani Box, chicken manure bokashi, husk charcoal,
eggshells, betadine, furandan, plastic sacks, anthracel, water, vitamin B1.
Research Procedure
Making
bokashi laying hens according to Hidayat (2020) modified. Ingredients used for
making chicken manure bokashi: chicken manure as much as 200 kg, rice husk 10
kg, bran as much as 10 kg, sugar 200 g, Gamal leaves 25 kg, EM4 as much as 220
ml, and water as 20 l. Mix chicken manure, rice husks, rice bran, and gamal leaves until evenly mixed. Dissolve EM4 and
granulated sugar in water in a bucket container then sprinkle the solution
slowly on the dough mixture of chicken manure, rice husks, gamal
leaves, and rice bran while stirring evenly until the dough is compact when
clenched by hand. Put the dough in sacks and keep it in the shade for 21 days.
The dough will undergo a fermentation process so that to maintain temperature
stability, stirring is done every day and then closed again. The fermentation
process is 21 days, and the dough has been physically shown to smell like tape,
loose and not hot.
Eggshell
flour making. Eggshells are boiled with water to boil to kill all
microorganisms. Boiled eggshells are drained of water and then dried in the
sun, after drying chopped using mortal (crusher) to chop eggs. Mixing plant
medium. Mixing the substrate according to treatment. Measurement of the volume
of each plant medium using a container in the form of a bucket with a capacity
of 5 liters. Husk charcoal is obtained from husk charcoal sellers. Media that
has been mixed according to the treatment is put in a pot and followed by
planting.
Separation
of Aglaonema Dus Anjamani saplings. Separating Aglaonema plants from their
parents. Remove all plants from the propagation pot then water the roots of the
plants so that the soil is released so that it is easier to separate.
Separation by cutting the roots that are still connected to the mother using a
sterile knife (Cuter), then the cut wound is smeared with betadine to prevent
infection. The plants used are plants that have 3 to 5 leaves. Fill the
planting media as much as 1/2 part of the pot, then input the plant followed by
the addition of planting media until filling the pot 3/4 part. Free up space
approximately 5 cm from the lip of the pot so that when watering water can
absorb perfectly. Watering is carried out immediately after planting until the
medium is wet, which is characterized by the discharge of water from the
pothole.
Watering
is carried out in the afternoon according to the treatment with intervals of 2
days, 4 days, and 6 days. The amount of water given is the same for all plants,
which is as much as 250 ml per pot. Give Vitamin B1 when plants are 30 days old
after plants by dissolving 5 ml of vitamin B1 in 1 liter water and then spraying
on plants using a sprayer.
Plant
height gain is measured by dividing plant height at the age of 12 MSPT by plant
height at the beginning of planting (0 MSPT). Increase in the number of leaves
per plant (strands): calculates the number of leaves that increase from the
beginning of planting to the age of 12 MSPT. Leaf length was measured by leaf
length at the age of 12 MSPT with leaf length at the beginning of planting (0
MSPT); leaf width was measured by leaf width at the age of 12 MSPT to leaf
width at the beginning of planting (0 MSPT).
RESULTS
Increase in Plant Height (cm) and Number of
Leaves (strands)
The results of the variance analysis showed that there was a
significant influence of the interaction between the composition of the growing
medium and the interval of water application on plant height increase and the
number of Aglaonema leaves. The average increase in plant height and number of
leaves of Aglaonema are listed in Table 1.
Table 1. Effect
of Planting Media and Watering Interval on Plant Height Increase (cm) and
Number of Leaves (Strands)
|
Treatment
(Husk charcoal:Bokashi Chicken manure:Eggshell + watering interval) |
Plant Height (cm) |
Number
of leaves (strands) |
|
M1I1 = 1:2:2
+ 2 days of watering |
3.25 ab |
3.32
ab |
|
M1I2 = 1:2:2
+ 4 days of watering |
3.82 AB |
3.22
ab |
|
M1I3 = 1:2:2
+ 6 days of watering |
2.72
b |
2.98
b |
|
M2I1 = 2:1:2
+ 2 days of watering |
2.64
b |
3.22 ab |
|
M2I2 = 2:1:2
+ 4 days of watering |
2.80
b |
2.70
b |
|
M2I3 = 2:1:2
+ 6 days of watering |
2.41
b |
2.62
b |
|
M3I1 = 3:2:1
+ 2 days of watering |
5.00
A |
4.20
a |
|
M3I2 = 3:2:1
+ 4 days of watering |
5.03
a |
4.53
a |
|
M3I3 = 3:2:1
+ 6 days of watering |
4.83
a |
3.82 AB |
Description: The
numbers followed by the same letter did not differ markedly based on Duncan's
New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) at a real level of 5%
In Table 1 it can be seen that
the treatment of the composition of the planting media 3: 2: 1 and 4 days of
water application (M3I2) resulted in the highest increase in plant height
(5.03cm) and was no different from the composition of the planting media 1: 2;
2, 2 days and 4 water administration, planting media composition 3: 2: 1,
intervals 2 and 6 days water administration but different from other
treatments. The composition of the planting medium is 3:2:1 and the interval of
application of water provides optimal growing space. The composition of the planting medium is very influential on the physical
properties of the soil such as porosity and soil moisture content. The composition
of the growing medium 3: 2: 1 and 4 days of water administration
produces good pore space so that it can bind the water given at intervals of 4
days of administration. In addition, the composition can have a good influence
on soil chemical properties such as macro and micronutrients needed for plant
vegetative growth.
Aglaonema plants want porous
media and bind water so that water remains available for plant growth. The
composition of husk charcoal, chicken manure bokashi, and eggshell flour
(3:2:1) is a composition that can provide good physical and chemical properties
of the growing media for the growth of Aglaonema while giving water at
intervals of 4 (four) days keeps the planting media moist even though the
weather is hot. Husk charcoal can have a good effect on porosity, chicken
manure bokashi will bind water and provide nutrients while eggshells can keep
soil pH in the neutral range so that plant roots can absorb water and nutrients
well.
Jemrifs et al., (2013), Water stress
that occurs in cultivated plants has an impact on inhibiting the distribution
of assimilate in reproductive organs and the process of photosynthesis.
Assimilation itself is the process of forming organic compounds (glucose/carbohydrates)
from inorganic compounds (in the form of water and Kabondioxide) and
photosynthesis is included in the assimilation process. Water is the raw
material for the photosynthesis process and if water is available, all nutrient
absorption processes and nutrient translocation to leaves run well so as not to
inhibit the process of cell division and cell enlargement. This statement is in
line with Nugroho and Setiawan
Treatment of the composition of
the planting media 3: 2: 1 and 4 days of water (M3I2) resulted in the largest
increase in the number of leaves of Aglaonema plants (4.53 strands) and was no
different from the composition of the planting media 1: 2; 2, intervals of 2
days and 4 days of watering, composition of planting media 2: 1: 2, interval of
2 days of watering, composition of planting media 3: 2: 1 intervals of 2 days
and 6 days of water but different from other treatments. The composition of the
planting media 3: 2: 1 provides optimal growing space, where the planting media
can prepare enough water so that the cell division process in multiplying cells
can run well it can increase the volume of Aglaonema plant cells which has an
impact on increasing the number of plant leaves.
Bokashi chicken manure plays a
role in binding water and providing nutrients, husk charcoal can provide
porosity that provides the optimum amount of oxygen and water while eggshell
flour can affect soil pH thereby reducing the acidity level of the growing
medium. The function of water for plants is very important, especially in the
process of growth and development because water is the raw material for the
photosynthesis process with carbon dioxide. Water available to plants will
support the process of nutrient absorption by the roots and translocated to the
leaves so that the photosynthesis process can run properly.
Photosynthesis is the result of
photosynthesis and the energy source needed by plants for the process of cell
division and enlargement in leaf organs. Karimuna, et
al.,
Increase
in Leaf Length and Width (cm)
The results of variance analysis show that there is a
significant influence of interaction between the composition of the growing
medium and the interval of water application on the increase in length and
width of Aglaonema leaves. The average increase in leaf length and leaf width
of Aglaonema is shown in Table 2.
Table 2. Effect
of Planting Media and Watering Interval on Increase in Leaf Length and Width
(cm)
|
Treatment
(Husk charcoal:Bokashi Chicken manure:Eggshell + watering interval) |
Leaf Length (cm) |
Leaf
Width (cm) |
|
M1I1 = 1:2:2
+ 2 days of watering |
3.22 ab |
3.32
ab |
|
M1I2 = 1:2:2
+ 4 days of watering |
3.82 AB |
3.22
ab |
|
M1I3 = 1:2:2
+ 6 days of watering |
2.70
b |
2.98
b |
|
M2I1 = 2:1:2
+ 2 days of watering |
2.62
b |
3.22 ab |
|
M2I2 = 2:1:2
+ 4 days of watering |
2.80
b |
2.70
b |
|
M2I3 = 2:1:2
+ 6 days of watering |
2.41
b |
2.62
b |
|
M3I1 = 3:2:1
+ 2 days of watering |
4.10
a |
4.20
a |
|
M3I2 = 3:2:1
+ 4 days of watering |
4.83
a |
4.13
a |
|
M3I3 = 3:2:1
+ 6 days of watering |
3.82 AB |
3.60 AB |
Description: The
numbers followed by the same letter did not differ markedly based on Duncan's
New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) at a real level of 5%
Table 2 can be seen that the
treatment of the composition of the planting media 3: 2: 1 and 4 days of water
application (M3I2) resulted in the highest increase in plant leaf length (4.83
cm) and was no different from the composition of the planting media 1: 2; 2,
interval 2 days and 4 water feeding, Composition 2: 1: 2 interval 2 days
watering planting media composition 3: 2: 1, interval 2 and 6 days water
administration but different from other treatments. The best leaf width (4.13cm) is found in the composition of the planting
medium 3: 2; 1 and a watering interval of 4 days does not differ from
the composition of the growing medium 1:2; 2, intervals of 2 days and 4 giving
water, the composition of the growing medium 3: 2: 1, intervals of 2 and 6 days
of giving water but different from other treatments.
The composition of the planting
medium is 3:2:1 and the interval of application of water that provides optimal
growing space. Good growing media is a medium
that is able to provide water and nutrients in sufficient quantities for plant
growth. It can be determined on soils with good air and water management, have
stable aggregates, good water-holding ability and sufficient space for roots.
Drought-choked plants experience a decrease in water in the cells resulting in
a rate of leaf elongation due to a decrease in cell turgor. Plants that
experience drought have smaller leaves due to a decrease in the number of cells
(Paula, et al., 2022).
Sahetapy, et al., (2017) stated that
chicken manure bokashi fertilizer can increase nutrient concentrations in the
soil, especially N, P and K and other nutrients. In addition, chicken manure
fertilizer can improve soil structure to be more friable, improve soil air and
groundwater management, increase soil cation exchange capacity (CEC), and as a
source of energy and food for soil microorganisms, thus plant roots will
develop well and roots can absorb more nutrients, especially N nutrients which
will increase plant growth.
The composition
of the planting medium contains chicken manure bokashi fertilizer has the
ability to change soil fertility factors such as nutrients, increase humus
content, and soil structure becomes more friable, so as to support plant growth
and development (Latarang and Syakur 2006). Bokashi chicken manure contains various
macronutrients such as nitrogen which has an important role in the vegetative
growth of plants. Nitrogen serves for the
vegetative growth of plants. This is in line with Eko's opinion (2010) that
nitrogen has a major role for plants, namely stimulating overall plant growth,
especially stems, branches, and leaves. Nitrogen also plays a role in the
formation of leaf green matter, which plays an important role in the process of
photosynthesis. The availability of nutrients needed by plants will increase
the number of leaves and leaf surface area thereby expanding the surface area
available for photosynthesis.
The increase in
leaf length and leaf width results from an increase in plant cell size.
According to Sari (2016), the process of plant growth is characterized by
increasing the size and weight of plants. This increase is caused by increasing
the size of plant organs such as leaf surface area as a result of plant
metabolism which is also influenced by nutrients in the soil. The surface area
of the leaves describes the process of photosynthesis that takes place. The
wider the leaf area, the higher the photosynthesis process, so that more
photosynthetes are formed. Export nutrients have an important role in the
formation of root structure so
that plant absorption of nutrients becomes better so that plant metabolic
processes are not disturbed.
The addition of
eggshells can improve soil pH
and add calcium (Ca). this element that plays the most role in cell growth.
Calcium is a component that strengthens and regulates penetrating power and
cares for cell walls. Its role is very important at the point of root growth.
Even if there is Ca deficiency, root formation and growth are disrupted,
resulting in inhibited nutrient absorption. Ca plays a role in the process of
cell division and elongation and regulates the distribution of photosynthesis
products. The ideal
acidity for Aglaonema plants is pH 7 or neutral pH (AgroMedia,
2008).
The experiment explored the
effects of different planting media compositions and watering intervals on the growth
parameters of Aglaonema plants, specifically plant height, number of leaves,
leaf length, and leaf width.
CONCLUSION
Based on the findings of the study, it is evident that both
the planting medium and the frequency of water application significantly impact
various growth parameters of Aglaonema plants. The investigation revealed that
there is a notable difference in plant height, leaf number, leaf length, and
leaf width based on variations in the planting medium and the time intervals of
water application. Specifically, the implementation of the 3:2:1 composition
(Husk charcoal: Bokashi chicken manure: eggshell flour) demonstrated the most
favorable outcomes, leading to the highest increases in Aglaonema plant height
(5.03cm), leaf number (4.53 strands), leaf length (4.83 cm), and leaf width
(4.13 cm). Furthermore, this composition did not show significant differences
when compared to the treatment involving the media composition of 1:2:2 with 2
days of water administration and the composition of 3:2:1 with a water
administration interval of 2 and 6 days. These results indicate the efficacy of
the 3:2:1 composition in promoting optimal growth, emphasizing its superiority
over other treatments in the study.
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Copyright holder: Heny M.C.
Sine, I Komang Sudarma, Aloysius
Ngongo Lende (2024) |
|
First publication rights: International
Journal of Social Service and Research (IJSSR) |
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This article is licensed under:
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