Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
!"#$%%&'(%)"$%&*(%+,-./0.1%*&*'%
e-!""#2%$%&'(%)*+,-,p-!""#2%$%&'(%.*/!
,
!0""1,304,%2**,
56678299:";$".49<&$'=>??9;@88.$A';&*$><<%%
This%work%is%licensed%under%a%Attribution-ShareAlike%4.0%International%(CC%BY-SA%4.0)
Sequestration,of,Carbon,and,Oxygen,Production,in,Upper,
Stands,in,The,Arboretum,of,PT,Arutmin,Indonesia,NPLCT,
!
!"#$%&'&(!")&'&1*(+,-$(./&#&(0"1#&(!2'3#&2*(4&)1$&#3$
Faculty!of!Forestry,!Universitas!Lambung!Mangkurat,!Indonesia1,2,3%
Email:!muriyanamuhana11@gmail.com!
Keywords)
(
54.67586(
Biomass,(Carbon(stocks,(Carbon(
sequestration,(Oxygen,(Arboretum.)
!
B5;8% 86/:1% 0;C8% 6"% :,6,.C;D,% -;"C088(% E0.-"D(% E0.-"D% /760F,(%
0D:% "G14,D% 7.":/E6;"D% ;D% 65,% 0.-".,6/C% "H% 3B$% I./6C;D%
JD:"D,8;0K)3LMB$%B5,%C,65":8%/8,:%0.,%7/.7"8;A,%80C7#;D4%0D:%
0##"C,6.;E8$% B5,% 7#"6% 8;N,% /8,:0% ;8% *&% C% ×%*&% C% O;65% <*% 7#"68%
C,08/.,:$% B5,% 0.,0% "H% 65,% 0.-".,6/C% ;8% P$&P% 50$% M0.-"D% 86"EF%
C,08/.,C,D6% ;8% :"D,% -1% C/#6;7#1;D4% -;"C088% -1% 0% E"DA,.8;"D%
.06,% "H% &$'>% Q'>RS% O5;#,% E0.-"D% :;"G;:,% QMT*S% 8,U/,86.06;"D% ;8%
E0#E/#06,:%-1%C/#6;7#1;D4%65,%0A,.04,%0DD/0#%-;"C088%4."O65%-1%
65,%E"DA,.8;"D%.06,%"H%<$'==>%"-60;D,:%H."C%65,%75"6"81D65,8;8%
,U/06;"D% 0D:% "G14,D% 7.":/E6;"D% ;8% C,08/.,:% -08,:% "D%
E"DA,.8;"D%H."C%E0.-"D%1;,#:$%V08,:%"D%65,%.,8/#68%"H%65,%86/:1(%;6%
85"O,:%6506%65,%-;"C088%E"D6,D6%"H%860D:8%;D%65,%0.-".,6/C%O08%
<(&=>$W*% 6"D8(% E0.-"D% 86"EF8% O,.,% P&<$='% 6"D8(% E0.-"D% :;"G;:,%
QMT*S%0-8".76;"D%O08%<(P=P$'P%6"D8(%0D:%"G14,D%7.":/E6;"D%O08%
<(WW>$><%6"D8$%
(
)
(
INTRODUCTION)
Indonesia's! forests! are! the! richest! and! most! diverse! forests! on! earth.! The! Indonesian!
government!owns!more!than!120!million!hectares!of!secret!forest!in!the!country,!almost!twice!the!size!
of!France.!Of!the!4,444,120!million!hectares,!Indonesia's!forests!are!divided!into!three!categories.!This!
means!that!18%!is!parkland,!25%!is!conservation!forest,!and!57%!is!production!forest.!A!total!of!69!
million!hectares!of!forest!is!designated!for!construction.!However,!only!45%!of!land!is!granted!permits!
to! private! companies! as! natural! production! forests! or! plantation! forests.! The! remaining! 55%! of!
productive!forests!are!outside!the!lease!system!and!are!particularly!vulnerable!because!there!are!no!
institutions!to!guarantee!the!management!of!these!forests.!
Trees!or!forests!are!the! world's!lungs! since!numerous! trees!have!become! one!of!the! biggest!
oxygen! makers!(Bandara! &! Dissanayake,! 2021;! Han! et! al.,! 2023;! Yang! et! al.,! 2023).! Where! oxygen!
could!be!an! essential!requirement!in!human!life.! Woody!vegetation,!especially!trees,!provides!many!
benefits!that!can!improve!the!quality!of!the!environment!and!human!health!in!and!around!urban!areas!
(Batkhuyag! et! al.,! 2023;! Chaudhary! &! Aryal,! 2023;! Kala,! 2023;! Miranda! Verly! et! al.,! 2023).! These!
benefits!include!improved!air!and!water!quality,!energy!savings!in!buildings,!cooler!air!temperatures,!
reduced!UV!radiation,!and!many!other!environmental!and!social!benefits!(Nowak!et!al.,!2007).!Fast-
growing!woody!plants!can!absorb!more!carbon!than!slow-growing!plants.!Faster-growing!vegetation!
often!has!difficulty!measuring!its!ability!to!sequester!carbon!(Kongboon!et!al.,!2022;!Singh!et!al.,!2023;!
Swamy! et! al.,! 2023;! Wang! et! al.,! 2024).! Forest! plays!a! role! in! increasing! CO₂! absorption! through!
sunlight! and! soil! water.! Chlorophyllous! plants! can! absorb! CO2! from! the! atmosphere!(Kumari! et! al.,!
2023;!Mohammadi!et!al.,!2023;!Sribianti!et!al.,!2022).!
Through! photosynthesis,! the! results! are! among! other! things,! stored! as! biomass,! allowing!
plants! to! grow! larger! or! taller.! This! growth! will! continue! until! the! vegetation! stops! growing!
physiologically!or!is!harvested!(Song!et!al.,!2024;!Wu!et!al.,!2023;!Zhou!et!al.,!2023).!With!sustainable!
forests,!more!carbon!(C)!is!stored!and!longer.!Therefore,!planting!vegetation!on!bare!land!or!restoring!
!34563748937:,09;637:,9<,"9=87:,"56>8=5,73?,15@576=A(%%
Muriyana!Muhana1,!Yogi!Swara!Putra!Mendra2,!Bahtiar3%
!0""1 304,%B&&%
destroyed!forests!will!help!absorb!excess!CO2!in!the!atmosphere!(Bajuin,!2018;!Birungi!et!al.,!2023;!
Namin!et!al.,!2020).!
The! distinctive! focus! of! this! research! centers! on! the! Arboretum! of! PT.! Arutmin! Indonesia-
NPLCT!is!an!ecological!setting!characterized!by!its!unique!vegetation!composition!and!environmental!
conditions.! While! existing! literature! acknowledges! the! general! importance! of! forests! in! carbon!
absorption!and!oxygen!production,!this!study!seeks!to!contribute!to!the!existing!body!of!knowledge!by!
unraveling!the!intricacies!of!these!processes!within!the!specific!context!of!an!arboretum!dedicated!to!
reforestation!and!ecological!restoration.!
Unlike! broader! studies! that! encompass! carbon! absorption! in! various! forest! ecosystems,! this!
research! scrutinizes! the! effectiveness! of! reforestation! efforts.! Doing! so! provides! insights! that! may!
diverge! from! findings! in! other! forested! areas.! Moreover,! the! study! may! integrate! innovative!
methodologies! and! technologies,! such! as! advanced! sensor! technologies! or! spatial! mapping,! thereby!
enhancing!measurement!precision!and!setting!itself!apart!from!previous!research!endeavors.!
By!explicitly! highlighting!these! distinctive!aspects,! the!research!positions!itself! as!a!valuable!
addition! to! the! scientific! discourse! on! forest! ecosystems! and! emphasizes! its! potential! to! refine!
environmental! management! strategies.! This! is! particularly! relevant! in! sustainable! practices! within!
arboretums,! underscoring! the! significance! of! the! study's! potential! contributions! to! advancing!
ecological!restoration!and!management!practices.!
!
METHODS)
The! research! was! conducted! at! the! Arboretum! of! PT.! Arutmin! Indonesia-NPLCT,Jl.! Berangas!
Km.! 5,5! Tanjung! Pemancingan! Sarang! Tiung! village,! Kotabaru! Regency,! South! Kalimantan.! The! time!
required!to!carry!out!this!research!is!2!months.!(
The!tools!used!are!GPS!(Global!Positioning!System),!cameras!for!documentation!tools,!meters!
to!measure!distances,!measuring!tapes!to!measure!diameters.!The!object!in!this!study,!is!the!stand!on!
the!tree!contained!in!the!Arboretum!of!PT.!Arutmin-NPLCT.Tree!Measurement!at!the!study!site.!The!
data!collected!or!obtained!from!the!field!is!diameter.!The!biomass!formula!used!is:!
6,9(4$,:&;;(!2&;"#2:2'1(
!
6&<=2(>?((4$,:&;;(8&=@"=&1$,'(A,#:"=&(
CDE5@,9<,F5G5474893,
H96I;:7,
IE0E;0%
XY&(&=&*PPZ[2,39!
B."7;E8%M"CC"D%
QV.0DE5;D4%B.,,S%
XY&(<<Z\Z[2,62%
30#C%^<(W%C%
X%Y%&(&?>=%_`&(&>&=%
30#C%b<(W%C%
X%Y%&(&&*Wc*%Z%[%*(WWcP%Z%_&(?'<<%
!
Information:!
Y!=!Biomass!(kg)!
H!=!Tree!Height!(m)!
D!=!Diameter!at!Chest!Level!(dbh)!(cm)!
ρ!=!Wood!Density/Specific!Gravity!(mg/m³,!kg/m³,!atau!g/m³)!
4,11,:(4$,:&;;(!2&;"#2:2'1(
Measurement!of!biomass!under!the!root!part!of!the!plant.!The!formula!used!is:!
!
!
Bb!=!Ba!
×
!0,25%
!34563748937:,09;637:,9<,"9=87:,"56>8=5,73?,15@576=A%% 56678299;@88.$.;:O0D;D86;6/6,$E"$;:9%
!0""1,304,%B&+%
!
Information:!!
Bb!!!=!Bottom!Biomass!(kg)!!
Ba!!!=!Top!Biomass!(kg)!!
0,25!=!Constant!Value!(IPCC,2006)!
(
8&#<,'(B8C2D(A#,:(4$,:&;;(
Calculation!by!Formula!(IPCC,!2006)!is:!
!
!
Information:!
C!!!=!Carbon!from!Biomass!(kg)!
B!!!=!bioresource!Total!(kg)!
%C!Organik!!!!!=!0,47%!(SNI!7724,!2011)!
(
72;2#E2(8&#<,'(F,#(G&(F,#(0=,1(
The!carbon!value!per!ha!for!data!on!the!soil!surface!is:!
!!
!
Information:!!
Cn! !=!Carbon!pool!on!plot!(ton/ha).!
Cx! !=!Carbon!pool!on!plot!(kg).!
Lplot!=!Area!of!plots!in!each!carbon!pool!(m2)!(SNI!7724,!2011)!
(
.2H"2;1#&1$,'(I&#<,'(B8C2D(
Sequestration!CO₂,!rumus!ialah:!!
!
!
Information!
1,4467!=!The!conversion!value!obtained!from!the!photosynthetic!equation!(Baharuddin!et!al.,!2014).!
!
8,'E2#;$,'(,F(8&#<,'(4$,:&;;(1,(CJ%-2'(BC2D(
>? 8CKL(2H"$E&=2'1(
The!calculation!uses!a!ratio!of!the!relative!atomic!mass!of!C!(12)!and!the!passive!molecular!mass!of!
CO₂!(44)!with!the!formula!(Kemenhut,2013)!:!
!
!
!
!
M? CJ%-2'(0#,3"@1$,'(BCKD(
Oxygen! production/release! is! calculated! based! on! the! amount! of! oxygen! produced! during!
photosynthesis! minus! the! amount! used! during! plant! respiration.! The! amount! of! oxygen!
production! can! be! estimated! from! carbon! sequestration! based! on! atomic! weight! (Ross! and!
Salisbury,!1978):!
!
(
!
!
The!determination!of!carbon!storage!measurement!plots!is!carried!out!with!the!following!sizes:!
C!=!Biomass!×!!%C-Organik!
Sequestration!CO₂!=!Biomass!(kg)!
×
!1,4667%
𝐶𝑂₂ − &𝑒𝑘𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛 = (44
12) ×
C!
𝑁𝑒𝑡&𝑂!=𝑛𝑒𝑡&𝐶 ×&32
12!
!34563748937:,09;637:,9<,"9=87:,"56>8=5,73?,15@576=A(%%
Muriyana!Muhana1,!Yogi!Swara!Putra!Mendra2,!Bahtiar3%
!0""1 304,%B&$%
Plot!size:!!"20m!×!20m.”!!
Sampling!using!purposive!sampling!and!sampling!methods!without!harvesting!or!logging.!This!
sampling!method!involves!measuring!the!height!of!oil!palms!and!tree!diameters!by!applying!allometric!
equations!to!extrapolate!biomass.!Determination!of!the!number!of!tiles!that!the!measurement!takes,!
using!10%!IS.!Based!on!Boon!and!Tideman!(1950)!for!forests!whose!area!≥!1,000!ha!IS!used!2%,!while!
the!area!<!1,000!ha!IS!used!5%!to!10%.!Based!on!the!area!in!the!Arboretum!of!PT.!Arutmin!NPLCt!is!
5.05!ha.!
The!parameters!measured!are!(dbh!≥!10!cm!and!≥!height!1.5!m)!by!measuring!the!diameter!of!
the!tree!stand.!Form!a!stand!plot!like!Figure!1.!!
!
!
!
!
!
!
(
!
!
A$-"#2(>?(0=,1(.$N2(.)&92(
)
RESULTS(
Based! on! stand! diameter! measurements! that! have! been! carried! out! in! the! arboretum! of! PT.!
Arutmin!Indonesia-NPLCT.!The!results!obtained!are!biomass!average!211.351!tons/ha,!average!carbon!
99.33! tons/ha,! carbon! absorption! 309.98,! average! CO2-equivalent! 364.22,! and! average! oxygen!
production!264.894!tons/ha.!The!results!of!these!results!can!be!seen!in!Table!2.!
!
6&<=2(M?(6,1&=(4$,:&;;*(8&#<,'(.1,@O;*(8&#<,'(.2H"2;1#&1$,'*(8CML2H"$E&=2'1*(&'3(CJ%-2'(
0#,3"@1$,'($'(5#<,#21":;(
)"$3#"6%
V;"C088%B"60#%
QB"D9_0S%
M0.-"D%
B"60#%
QB"D9_0S%
d,U/,86.06;"D%
M0.-"D%QB"D9_0S%
MT*K
eF/;A0#,D%
QB"D9_0S%
3.":/E6;"D%
TF8;4,D%QB"D9_0S%
<%
*>&(>P%
<*>(*P%
W?>(<&%
'==(P?%
WW?(WW%
*%
<<(Pc%
P(''%
<=(?c%
<?(?P%
<'(P<%
W%
?W(P&%
'W(?P%
<W>(<'%
<=<(<'%
<<>(<?%
'%
<PW(>*%
>*(*P%
**P('=%
*='(?<%
<?*(==%
P%
*>>(c=%
<W&(P?%
'&>(PW%
'>c(c'%
W'c(*P%
=%
*c('*%
<W(W=%
'<(=c%
'c(?>%
WP(=*%
>%
W&>(>*%
<''(=W%
'P<(WW%
PW&(W&%
WcP(=>%
c%
<'<(='%
==(P>%
*&>(>'%
*''(&?%
<>>(P*%
?%
W<'(c'%
<'>(?c%
'=<(>c%
P'*(Pc%
W?'(=&%
<&%
P?'(<=%
*>?(*=%
c><('=%
<&*W(?'%
>''(=c%
<<%
<PW(cc%
>*(W*%
**P(=?%
*=P(<c%
<?*(c=%
<*%
<cc(<=%
cc('W%
*>P(?>%
W*'(*=%
*WP(cW%
J>567G5,
$++K.B+,
**K..B,
.&*K*%*,
.)2K$$*,
$)2K%*2,
CLCJM,
$B.)K$$,
++*$K&$,
.'+*K%',
2.'&K'B,
.+'%K'.,
20m
20m
Faktor
Faktor
Faktor
!34563748937:,09;637:,9<,"9=87:,"56>8=5,73?,15@576=A%% 56678299;@88.$.;:O0D;D86;6/6,$E"$;:9%
!0""1,304,%B&.%
(
A$-"#2(M?(P$&-#&:(,F(1,1&=(<$,:&;;*(@&#<,'*(@&#<,'(;2H"2;1#&1$,'*(8CML2H"$E&=2'1*(&'3(,J%-2'(
9#,3"@1$,'(B1,'Q)&D(
(
Arboretum!located!in!the!area!of!PT.!Arutmin!Indonesia-NPLCT!covering!an!area!of!5.05!ha.!The!
results!obtained!for!total!biomass,!total!carbon,!total!uptake,!CO2-equivalent!and!total!oxygen!
production!in!the!area!can!be!seen!in!table!3.!
!
6&<=2(R?(6,1&=(4$,:&;;*(8&#<,'(.1,@O;*(8&#<,'(.2H"2;1#&1$,'*(8CMLSH"$E&=2'1*(&'3(CJ%-2'(
0#,3"@1$,'($'(&'(5#<,#21":(@,E2#$'-(&'(&#2&(,F(T?UT()&(
!
&(&&
P&&(&&
<&&&(&&
<P&&(&&
*&&&(&&
*P&&(&&
W&&&(&&
WP&&(&&
'&&&(&&
'P&&(&&
V;"C0880
B"60#QB"D9_0S
d,.070D
]0.-"DQB"D9_0S
3.":/F8;
TF8;4,DQB"D9_0S
*PW=(**
<<?*(&*
W><?(c>
'W>&(>P
W<>c(>W
C947:,N89I7@@K,O76P93K,O76P93,
QE47R5K,OL$(5S;8>7:534K,73?,
LTDG53,U69?;=4893,VC93WX7Y
#9,
J6P9654;I,
J657,VX7Y,
J>567G5,
N89I7@@,
VC93WX7Y,
J>567G5,
O76P93,
V493WA7Y,
J>567G5,
O76P93,
"5S;5@4674893,
V493WA7Y,
J>567G5,
OL$(,
ZR;8>7:53,
V493WA7Y,
J>567G5,
LTDG53,
U69?;=4893,
V493WA7Y,
<%
%
*<<(WP%
??(W'%
W&?(??%
W='(*W%
*='(c?%
%
P$&P%
V;"C088%B"60#%
QB"DS%
M0.-"D%B"60#%
Q6"DS%
M0.-"D%
d,U/,86.06;"D%
QB"DS%
MT*K%eF/;A0#,D%
QB"DS%
TG14,D%
3.":/E6;"D%
QB"DS%
*%
%
<$&=>(W*%
P&<(='%
<$P=P('P%
<$cW?(W=%
<$WW>(><%
Biomass'Total'''''''''''''Carbon'Total'''''''''''Oxygen'Production'
''''(Ton/Ha)'''''''''''''''''''(Ton/Ha)'''''''''''''''''''''''''(Ton/Ha)'
!34563748937:,09;637:,9<,"9=87:,"56>8=5,73?,15@576=A(%%
Muriyana!Muhana1,!Yogi!Swara!Putra!Mendra2,!Bahtiar3%
!0""1 304,%B&2%
!
A$-"#2(R?(P$&-#&:(,F(1,1&=(<$,:&;;*(@&#<,'*(@&#<,'(;2H"2;1#&1$,'*(8CML2H"$E&=2'1*(&'3(
,J%-2'(9#,3"@1$,'($'(&'(&#2&(,F(T?UT()&(B1,';D(
!
Based!on!figure!3,!it!can!be!seen!that!the!results!obtained!from!the!calculation!of!the!biomass!of!
tree!stands!in!the!arboretum!covering!an!area!of!5.05!ha.!Carbon!produced!amounted!to!501.64!tons,!
carbon! absorption! amounted! to! 1565.45! tons,! and! oxygen! production! 1,337.71! tons.! Based! on! the!
calculation! results! of! oxygen! production! produced! in! the! arboretum! area! of! PT.! Arutmin! Indonesia-
NPLCT! with! an! area! of! 5.05! Ha.! The! oxygen! production! produced! amounted! to! 1,337.71! tons.!
According! to! the! global! oxygen! budget! and! its! future! article! published! in! the! science! bulletin.! Each!
adult!needs!1.17!kg!of!oxygen!per!day.!It!can!be!known!that!the!production!of!oxygen!produced!in!the!
arboretum!is!371,586!kg!/!day.!So!that!it!can!meet!the!daily!oxygen!needs!of!adults!as!many!as!317,000!
people!per!day.((
According!to!technical!guidelines!for! planting! tree!species!absorbing!air!pollutants!published!
by! the! Ministry! of! Environment! and! Forestry! (2015),! it! is! said! that! 1! ha! of! green! open! space! (RTH)!
filled!with!large!trees,!oxygen!production!produced!is!0.6!tons!for!1,500!residents!/! day!and! carbon!
dioxide!absorption!is!2.5!tons!/!year.!
Based! on! calculations! that! have! been! done! by! weighing! the! results! obtained! in! the! average!
standard!carbon!production!that!has!been!obtained,!the!results!exceed!what!has!been!planned!using!
purposive!and!allometric!methods!so!that!what!stands!are!measured!only!the!stem!with!this!purpose!
can!be!known!that!what!is!done!is!comparable!to!the!greater!than!the!average!oxygen!produced.((
The!value!obtained!based!on!what!will!be!done!with!what!will!happen!with!this!can!be!known!
that!the!gains!that!have!been!taken!with!what!is!known!value!by!reviewing!the!location!and!measuring!
diamete!trunks!or!tree!stands!can!be!seen!that! the!results!obtained!are!quite!large!for!various!sizes!
with!the!conditions!of!stands! around!us! so! that!what!is!obtained! is!the!same!as! what!is! in!previous!
studies! when! compared! The! result! is! that! the! carbon! production! produced! is! very! large! in! the!
arboretum!area,!which!is!5.05!ha.! ! (
! !
!
!
!
!
! !! !
0,00
200,00
400,00
600,00
800,00
1000,00
1200,00
1400,00
1600,00
1800,00
2000,00
Biomassa
Total
(Ton)
Carbon
Total
(ton)
Serapan
Carbon
(Ton)
CO2-
Ekuivalen
(Ton)
Produksi
Oksigen
(Ton)
1067,32
501,64
1565,45
1839,36
1337,71
6,1&=(4$,:&;;*(8&#<,'*(8&#<,'(
V91&O2*(8CML2H"$E&=2'1*(&'3(
CJ%-2'(0#,3"@1$,'(B6,';($'(T(G&D
Biomass'''''''Carbon''''''''''Carbon'''''''''''''''CO2-''''''''''''''Oxygen''
Total''''''''''''Total'''''''''''''''Uptake''''''''''Equivalent'''''Production'
'(Ton)''''''''''(Ton)'''''''''''''''(Ton)''''''''''''''''(Ton)'''''''''''''''(Ton)'
!34563748937:,09;637:,9<,"9=87:,"56>8=5,73?,15@576=A%% 56678299;@88.$.;:O0D;D86;6/6,$E"$;:9%
!0""1,304,%B&B%
CONCLUSION)
The!arboretum!at!PT.!Arutmin!Indonesia-NPLCT!boasts!impressive!ecological!metrics,!with!an!
average! biomass! content! of! 211.35! tons/ha,! a! carbon! stock! of! 99.34! tons/ha,! carbon! dioxide!
absorption! reaching! 364.23! tons/ha,! and! a! substantial! oxygen! production! of! 264.89! tons/ha.! These!
figures,!coupled!with!a!total!biomass!area!of!5.05!ha,!totaling!1,067.32!tons,!and!corresponding!carbon!
stocks,!oxygen!production,!and!CO2!absorption,!underscore!the!arboretum's!vital!role!in!supporting!a!
thriving!ecosystem.!To!better!comprehend!these!results,!it!is!essential!to!interpret!them!in!the!context!
of!environmental!significance.!Comparisons!with!established!benchmarks!could!provide!readers!with!a!
frame! of! reference! to! evaluate! the! arboretum's! effectiveness! in! biomass! content,! carbon! stock,! and!
oxygen! production.! Acknowledging! study! limitations,! such! as! seasonal! variations! or! site-specific!
conditions,!is!crucial! for!transparency! and! a!more!comprehensive!understanding.!Recommendations!
for! optimizing! carbon! sequestration! or! biomass! content! could! enhance! the! arboretum's! ecological!
impact,! making!it!a! valuable!area!for!future!research! and!management!strategies.!In!conclusion,!the!
significant!oxygen!production!of!371,586!kg/day!positions!the!arboretum!as!a!potential!contributor!to!
meeting!the!daily!oxygen!needs!of!around!317,000!people,!emphasizing!its!importance!in!the!broader!
environmental!landscape.)
!
REFERENCES)
Bajuin,! A.! V.! S.!B.! D.! (2018).!Potensi! Simpanan! dan!Serapan! Karbon! di! Atas! Permukaan!Tanah! Pada!
Kawasan!Hutan!Desa!Sungai!Bakar!Kecamatan!Bajuin.!Jurnal(Sylva(Scienteae(Volume,!1(1).!
Bandara,!W.!A.!R.!T.!W.,!&!Dissanayake,!C.!T.!M.!(2021).!Most!tolerant!roadside!tree!species!for!urban!
settings!in!humid!tropics!based!on!Air!Pollution!Tolerance!Index.!Urban(Climate,!37,!100848.!
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.UCLIM.2021.100848!
Batkhuyag,!E.!U.,!Lehmann,!M.!M.,!Cherubini,!P.,!Ulziibat,!B.,!Soyol-Erdene,!T.!O.,!Schaub,!M.,!&!Saurer,!
M.! (2023).! Combination! of! multiple! stable! isotope! and! elemental! analyses! in! urban! trees!
reveals!air!pollution!and!climate!change!effects!in!Central!Mongolia.!Ecological(Indicators,!154.!
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ECOLIND.2023.110719!
Birungi,! V.,! Dejene,! S.! W.,! Mbogga,! M.! S.,! &! Dumas-Johansen,! M.! (2023).! Carbon! stock! of! Agoro! Agu!
Central! Forest! reserve,! in! Lamwo! district,! Northern! Uganda.! Heliyon,! 9(3).!
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.HELIYON.2023.E14252!
Chaudhary,!S.,! &!Aryal,! B.!(2023).! Factors!affecting!the! tree!and! soil!carbon! stock!in! Shorea!robusta!
Gaertn.! forests! along! the! elevational! gradient! in! Eastern! Nepal.! Acta( Ecologica( Sinica.!
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHNAES.2023.09.001!
Han,!Y.,!Gao,! S.,! &!Liu,! C.!(2023).!Evaluation! and!analysis!of! forest! carbon!sequestration! and!oxygen!
release! value! under! cloud! computing! framework.! Procedia( Computer( Science,! 228,! 519–525.!
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PROCS.2023.11.059!
Kala,! C.! P.! (2023).! Environmental! and! socioeconomic! impacts! of! forest! fires:! A! call! for! multilateral!
cooperation! and! management! interventions.! Natural( Hazards( Research,! 3(2),! 286–294.!
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.NHRES.2023.04.003!
Kongboon,! R.,! Gheewala,! S.! H.,! &! Sampattagul,! S.! (2022).! Greenhouse! gas! emissions! inventory! data!
acquisition! and! analytics! for! low! carbon! cities.! Journal( of( Cleaner( Production,! 343,! 130711.!
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2022.130711!
Kumari,!P.,!Shukla,!S.!P.,!Rathi!Bhuvaneswari,!G.,!Kumar,!S.,!Xavier,!M.,!&!Kumar,!M.!(2023).!High!value!
pigment! production! and! carbon! sequestration! through! wastewater! grown! Spirulina!
(Arthrospira)! platensis:! A! green! technology! for! wastewater! utilization.! Waste( Management(
Bulletin,!1(3),!1–10.!https://doi.org/10.1016/J.WMB.2023.06.003!
Miranda!Verly,!O.,!Vieira!Leite,!R.,!da!Silva!Tavares-Junior,!I.,!José!Silva!Soares!da!Rocha,!S.,!Garcia!Leite,!
H.,! Marinaldo! Gleriani,! J.,! Paula! Miranda! Xavier! Rufino,! M.,! de! Fatima! Silva,! V.,! Moreira!
!34563748937:,09;637:,9<,"9=87:,"56>8=5,73?,15@576=A(%%
Muriyana!Muhana1,!Yogi!Swara!Putra!Mendra2,!Bahtiar3%
!0""1 304,%B&)%
Miquelino!Eleto!Torres,!C.,!Plata-Rueda,!A.,!Monteiro!de!Castro!e!Castro,!B.,!Cola!Zanuncio,!J.,!&!
Antônio! Gonçalves! Javocine,! L.! (2023).! Atlantic! forest! woody! carbon! stock! estimation! for!
different! successional! stages! using! Sentinel-2! data.! Ecological( Indicators,! 146.!
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ECOLIND.2023.109870!
Mohammadi,!Z.,!Lohmander,!P.,!Kašpar,!J.,!Tahri,!M.,!&!Marušák,!R.!(2023).!Climate-related!subsidies!
for! CO2! absorption! and! fuel! substitution:! Effects! on! optimal! forest! management! decisions.!
Journal( of( Environmental( Management,! 344,! 118751.!
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2023.118751!
Namin,!S.,!Xu,!W.,!Zhou,!Y.,!&!Beyer,!K.!(2020).!The!legacy!of!the!Home!Owners’!Loan!Corporation!and!
the!political!ecology!of!urban!trees!and!air!pollution!in! the!United!States.!Social( Science( and(
Medicine,!246.!https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SOCSCIMED.2019.112758!
Nowak,!D.!J.,!Hoehn,!R.,!&!Crane,!D.!E.!(2007).!Oxygen!production!by!urban!trees!in!the!United!States.!
Arboriculture(and(Urban(Forestry,!33(3),!220.!
Singh,!S.!G.,!Vennila,!A.,!Singh,!R.,!Bharti,!V.!S.,!Shukla,!S.!P.,!&!Purushothaman,!C.!S.!(2023).!Standing!
carbon! stock! of! Thane! Creek! mangrove! ecosystem:! An! integrated! approach! using! allometry!
and! remote! sensing! techniques.! Regional( Studies( in( Marine( Science,! 67.!
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RSMA.2023.103207!
Song,! Y.,! Xie,! L.,! Zhang,! X.,! Hu,! Z.,! Li,! S.,! Zhang,! P.,! &! Yang,! X.! (2024).! Enhancement! of! biomass,! lipid!
accumulation,! and! carbon! sequestration! potential! in! microalgae! via! cultivation! with!
Aggregation-Induced! emission! Light-Conversion! films.! Chemical( Engineering( Journal,! 483,!
149148.!https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CEJ.2024.149148!
Sribianti,!I.,!Daud,!M.,!Abdullah,!A.!A.,! &! Sardiawan,!A.! (2022).! Estimasi!Biomassa,!Cadangan!Karbon,!
Produksi! O2! dan! Nilai! Jasa! Lingkungan! Serapan! CO2! Tegakan! Hutan! di! Taman! Hutan! Raya!
Abdul!Latief!Sinjai!Timur.!Jurnal(Hutan(Dan(Masyarakat,!12–26.!
Swamy,! S.! L.,! Darro,! H.,! Mishra,! A.,! Lal,! R.,! Kumar,! A.,! &! Kumar! Thakur,! T.! (2023).! Carbon! stock!
dynamics! in! a! disturbed! tropical! forest! ecosystem! of! Central! India:! Strategies! for! achieving!
carbon! neutrality.! Ecological( Indicators,! 154.!
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ECOLIND.2023.110775!
Wang,!X.,! Zhan,!Q.,!Zhang,! X.,!Su,! Y.,!&! Zhou,!J.! (2024).!Study! on!improving!the! carbon!sequestration!
properties! of! sintered! red! mud! by! regulating! pressure.! Journal( of( Building( Engineering,! 84.!
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JOBE.2024.108518!
Wu,!L.,!Hou,!Z.,!Xie,!Y.,!Luo,!Z.,!Huang,!L.,!Wu,!X.,!Luo,!J.,!Fang,!Y.,!Chen,!Q.,!Sun,!W.,!Lüddeke,!C.!T.,!&!Yang,!
L.!(2023).! Carbon!capture,!circular! utilization,! and!sequestration! (CCCUS):!A! multifunctional!
technology! coupling! underground! biomethanation! with! geothermal! energy! production.!
Journal(of(Cleaner(Production,!426.!https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2023.139225!
Yang,! Y.,! Xu,! Y.,! Duan,! Y.,! Zhang,! S.,! Zhang,! Y.,! &! Xie,! Y.! (2023).! How! can! trees! protect! us! from! air!
pollution! and! urban! heat?! Associations! and! pathways! at! the! neighborhood! scale.! Landscape(
and(Urban(Planning,!236,!104779.!https://doi.org/10.1016/J.LANDURBPLAN.2023.104779!
Zhou,!X.,!Hu,!C.,!&!Wang,!Z.!(2023).!Distribution!of!biomass!and!carbon!content!in!estimation!of!carbon!
density! for! typical! forests.! Global( Ecology( and( Conservation,! 48.!
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.GECCO.2023.E02707!
!
!
O9ED68GA4,A9:?56[,
Muriyana!Muhana,!Yogi!Swara!Putra!Mendra,!Bahtiar%Q*&*'S,
,
H86@4,E;P:8=74893,68GA4@[,
JD6,.D06;"D0#%f"/.D0#%"H%d"E;0#%d,.A;E,%0D:%a,8,0.E5%QJfddaS%
!34563748937:,09;637:,9<,"9=87:,"56>8=5,73?,15@576=A%% 56678299;@88.$.;:O0D;D86;6/6,$E"$;:9%
!0""1,304,%B&'%
,
CA8@,7648=:5,8@,:8=53@5?,;3?56[,
,
,
!