A"ribu'on-ShareAlike 4.0 Interna'onal (CC BY-SA 4.0)
!"#$%%&'(%)"$%&*(%+,-.,/0%1&1'%
e-!""#2%$%&'(%)*+,-,p-!""#2%$%&'(%.*/$
,
!0""1,3,45%.'%,
!""#$%&&'()*(+,&-.*/0122&)3$$+*4/).-*1.56
This%work%is%licensed%under%a%Attribution-ShareAlike%4.0%International%(CC%BY-SA%4.0)
Digital'Transformation'in'MSMEs'in'Indonesia:'The'
Importance'of'Commitment'to'Change'
,
23456,7589:;:,
6-785/9,#%:-9;7;.;5%"<%3/"<5997"-,#%=,-,45>5-;(%:-?"-597,%
@>,7#2%/5?A,-7-4/,;$;5B,?C4>,7#$D">%
Keywords$
,
<="21<>2,
Digital'Transformation,'MSMEs,'
Commitment'to'Change.$
%
7!86 9:++8;"6 <=;'$9=#86 (>6 ?)9+(@6 AB=<<@6 =;'6 ?8'):B6 C;"8+#+)$8$6
D?A?C$E6 );6 F;'(;8$)=6 >=98$6 =6 9+)")9=<6 9!=<<8;,86 );6 "!86 >(+B6 (>6
'),)"=<6"+=;$>(+B=")(;@6;898$$)"=");,6=6:;)>)8'69(BB)"B8;"6>+(B6
=<<6 (+,=;)G=")(;=<6 $"=H8!(<'8+$*6 7!)$6 +8$8=+9!6 8;'8=4(+$6 "(6
8I#<(+86"!86 #)4("=<6 +(<86 (>6 9(BB)"B8;"6 "(6 9!=;,86 );6 >=9)<)"=");,6
'),)"=<6"+=;$>(+B=")(;6J)"!);6F;'(;8$)=;6?A?C$*6KL6$9+:");)G);,6
8I)$");,6 <)"8+=":+86 =;'6 '8<);8=");,6 "!86 #($)")486 (:"9(B8$6
=$$(9)="8'6J)"!69(BB)"B8;"6"(69!=;,8@6"!)$6$":'L6=)B$6"(6:;8=+"!6
H8L6 >=9"(+$6);><:8;9);,6 "!86 $:998$$>:<6 )B#<8B8;"=")(;6 (>6 '),)"=<6
"+=;$>(+B=")(;6);)")=")48$6);6?A?C$*6CB#<(L);,6=69(BM);=")(;6(>6
9=$86$":'L6=;'6$:+48L6B8"!('(<(,)8$@6(:+6+8$8=+9!6 $88H$6"(6;("6
(;<L6 8;!=;986 "!8(+8")9=<6 );$),!"$6 M:"6 =<$(6 9(;"+)M:"86 #+=9")9=<6
:;'8+$"=;');,$6 "(6 $:##(+"6 ?A?C$6 );6 "!8)+6 #:+$:)"6 (>6 '),)"=<6
"+=;$>(+B=")(;*67!+(:,!6=;6);N'8#"!6=;=<L$)$@6"!)$6$":'L6=$#)+8$6
"(6 #+(4)'86 $"+="8,)96 +89(BB8;'=")(;$6 "!="6 9=;6 ,:)'86 ?A?C$6
"(J=+'6 8>>89")486 =;'6 $:$"=);=M<86 '),)"=<6 "+=;$>(+B=")(;*6
O<")B="8<L@6"!)$6+8$8=+9!69(;"+)M:"8$6"(6"!86M+(='8+6')$9(:+$86(;6
(+,=;)G=")(;=<69!=;,86=;'6'),)"=<)G=")(;@6(>>8+);,64=<:=M<86);$),!"$6
>(+6#(<)9LB=H8+$@6=9='8B)9$@6=;'6#+=9")")(;8+$6=<)H8*6
,
,
,
INTRODUCTION)
E% 9./850% D"-?.D;5?% F0% ;G5% H;,;.9% "<% I747;,#% J7;5/,D0% 7-% :-?"-597,% 1&11% F0% ;G5% =7-79;/0% "<%
K">>.-7D,;7"-% ,-?% :-<"/>,;7"-% 9G"L9% ;G,;% ;G5% #585#% "<% B-"L#5?45% ,F".;% ;G5% ;5DG-"#"40% "<% =H=@%
,D;"/9%7-%:-?"-597,%79%45-5/,##0%/5#,;785#0%#"L%MNG5%=H=@%@>O"L5/>5-;%P5O"/;(%1&11Q$%NG5%,OO#7D,;7"-%
"<%?747;,#%>,/B5;7-4%F0%=H=@9%7-%:-?"-597,%79%#7>7;5?%;"%R%O#,;<"/>92%9"D7,#%>5?7,(%7-9;,-;%>599,47-4(%
,-?%5SD">>5/D5$%NG5%,OO#7D,;7"-%"<%?747;,#%;5DG-"#"40%;"%=H=@9%7-%:-?"-597,%T7-,##0%G,?%,%9585/5%7>O,D;%
LG5-%;G5%KU!:IS*V%O,-?5>7D%"DD.//5?%MW./-7,%H,/7%5;%,#$(%1&1RQ$%=H=@%F.97-599%>"?5#9%;G,;%;5-?%;"%
F5%D"-85-;7"-,#%>,B5%,?,O;7-4%,-?%9./8787-4%?./7-4%;G5%O,-?5>7D%DG,##5-47-4$%K">O,/5?%;"%#,/45S9D,#5%
F.97-59959(%=H=@9%5XO5/75-D5?%,%>"/5%O/"<".-?%?5D#7-5%7-%9,#59%?./7-4%;G5%O,-?5>7D%MY5/-,L,-%Z%
W.9?7,-,(%1&1&Q$%%
NG5%.-<"/;.-,;5%97;.,;7"-%#759%7-%;G5%<,D;%;G,;%=H=@9(%LG7DG%G,85%5>5/45?%,9%,%D/.D7,#%O7##,/%"<%
;G5%-,;7"-[9%5D"-">0(%9.F9;,-;7,##0%D"-;/7F.;5% ;"%;G5%4/"99%?">59;7D% O/"?.D;%,-?%<"9;5/%5>O#"0>5-;%
L7;G7-%D">>.-7;759$%NG79%79%587?5-;%7-%;G5%9;,;79;7D9%O/"87?5?%F0%;G5%=7-79;/0%"<%K""O5/,;7859%,-?%H>,##%
,-?%=5?7.>%@-;5/O/7959$%:-?"-597,%G"9;9%,%9;,445/7-4%\]$'%>7##7"-%=H=@9(%5>O#"07-4% **'$^% >7##7"-%
7-?787?.,#9(%D"-9;7;.;7-4%,OO/"X7>,;5#0%]\_%"<%;G5%D".-;/0[9%L"/B<"/D5$%="/5"85/(%=H=@9%O#,0%,%O78";,#%
/"#5%F0%D"-;/7F.;7-4%"85/%\&_%;"%;G5%-,;7"-[9%`I3(%,9%G74G#74G;5?%7-%NG5%=H=@%@>O"L5/>5-;%P5O"/;%"<%
1&11$%NG5%?,;,%</">%;G5%=7-79;/0%,#9"%/585,#9%,%D"-D5/-7-4%;/5-?$%aG7#5%;G5%D"-;/7F.;7"-%"<%=H=@9%;"%
;G5% `/"99% I">59;7D% 3/"?.D;% G,?% F55-% 9;5,?7#0% 7-D/5,97-4% F5<"/5% ;G5% "-95;% "<% ;G5% O,-?5>7D(% 7;%
5XO5/75-D5?%,%?5D#7-5%;"%R^$R_%?./7-4%;G5%O,-?5>7D%O5/7"?%MNG5%=H=@%@>O"L5/>5-;%P5O"/;(%1&11$%
P595,/DG%F0%b".L>,-%5;%,#$%M1&*VQ%9G"L9%;G,;%;G5%?747;,#7c,;7"-%"<%=H=@9%,<<5D;9%O5/<"/>,-D5%
L7;G%>"/5%/59"./D5%,##"D,;7"-%;"%D"-?.D;%F.97-599%>"?5#%5XO5/7>5-;9%,-?%>"/5%7-8"#85>5-;%"<%G.>,-%
!;?3@;5?A:;5B,0:C@;5B,:D,":EA5B,"3@FAE3,5;6,13G35@E8%% G;;O92dd7A99/$/7?L,-7-9;7;.;5$D"$7?d%
!0""1,3,45%.'*%
/59"./D59% 7-% F.97-599% 9;/,;540% 7>O#5>5-;,;7"-% O/,D;7D59$% =5,-LG7#5(% !79L,-,;G,-% ,-?% N5#.B?,/75[9%
M1&1*Q%/595,/DG% 9G"L9% ;G,;% ;G5% ?747;,#7c,;7"-% "<% =H=@9% D,-% 7-D/5,95% O/"?.D;787;0(% /5?.D5% D"9;9(% ,-?%
5XO,-?%;G5%9D"O5%"<%7--"8,;7"-%;G/".4G%-5L%F.97-599%>"?5#9$%
:-% <,D7-4% ?747;,#7c,;7"-(% =H=@9% >.9;% 7>O#5>5-;% 8,/7".9% 9;/,;54759% ;G,;% T7;% ;G57/% D"-;5X;% ,-?%
-55?9$% NG595% 9;/,;54759% 7-D#.?5% B55O7-4% F.97-59959% .O?,;5?% L7;G% ;5DG-"#"40(% "O;7>7c7-4% D"-;5-;%
;G/".4G% H@U%O/,D;7D59(%.;7#7c7-4% 9"D7,#%>5?7,%O#,;<"/>9(%.97-4%,-,#0;7D9% ;""#9(%7>O#5>5-;7-4%T7-,-D7,#%
;5DG-"#"40(% ?747;7c7-4% G.>,-% /59"./D59(% ,-?% 5-9./7-4% e.,#7;0% ?747;,#% 7-</,9;/.D;./5$% :-% ,??7;7"-(% 7;% 79%
5995-;7,#% ;"% ,?"O;% ?747;,#% #7;5/,D0(% ;/,7-% 5>O#"0559% "-% 5SD">>5/D5(% 5XO,-?% 7-;5/-5;% -5;L"/B9(% /,795%
,L,/5-599%"<%9"D7,#%799.59(%,-?%"O;7>7c5%;5DG-"#"4759%;G,;%9.OO"/;%5-87/"->5-;,##0%</75-?#0%O/,D;7D59$%
K"##,F"/,;7"-%L7;G%5X;5/-,#%O,/;759(%4"85/->5-;%9.OO"/;(%,-?%D"-;7-.".9%#5,/-7-4%,/5%5995-;7,#%<,D;"/9%
M@8,-45.#79;,%5;%,#$(%1&1RQ$%%
E%D/7;7D,#%9.DD599%<,D;"/%7-%=H=@%?747;,#7c,;7"-%79%;G5%9"#7?%D">>7;>5-;%"<%G.>,-%/59"./D59%;"%
5>F/,D5%DG,-45%,-?%.-?5/4"%?747;,#%;/,-9<"/>,;7"-$%Y5/9D"87;DG%,-?%=505/%M1&&1Q%?5T7-5%D">>7;>5-;%
;"% DG,-45% ,9% ,% >7-?95;% F7-?7-4% 7-?787?.,#9% ;"% -5D599,/0% ,D;7"-9% ;"% 7>O#5>5-;% DG,-45% 7-7;7,;7859%
9.DD599<.##0$%P595,/DG%7-?7D,;59%;G,;%D">>7;>5-;%;"%DG,-45%O"97;785#0%7-T#.5-D59%D">O,-0%O5/<"/>,-D5(%
,9%N95%5;%,#$%M1&1&Q%?5>"-9;/,;5?%7-%;G5%D"-;5X;%"<%5>O#"055%O5/<"/>,-D5$%="/5"85/(%H;/.>9B0%5;%,#$[9%
M1&*&Q%/595,/DG% .-?5/9D"/59% ;G5% <.-?,>5-;,#% ,-?% 5XO#7D7;% 7>O,D;% "<% D">>7;>5-;% ;"% DG,-45% "-%
7-D/5,97-4%7--"8,;7"-%D,O,D7;0$%
NG5% 9O5D7T7D% "FA5D;785% "<% ;G79% /595,/DG% 79% ;"% 7?5-;7<0% D"-D/5;5% 9"#.;7"-9% <"/% 5-G,-D7-4% ;G5%
?747;,#7c,;7"-%"<%=H=@9%7-%:-?"-597,$%b0%?5#87-4%7-;"%;G5%DG,##5-459%<,D5?%F0%=H=@9%,-?%58,#.,;7-4%;G5%
7>O,D;%"<%?747;,#7c,;7"-%"-%;G57/%O5/<"/>,-D5(%;G79%9;.?0%,7>9%;"%O/"87?5%,D;7"-,F#5%7-974G;9%;G,;%D,-%
D"-;/7F.;5%;"%?585#"O7-4%5<<5D;785%9;/,;54759%<"/%=H=@9%-,874,;7-4%;G5%?747;,#%#,-?9D,O5$%
%
METHODS)
NG5%#7;5/,;./5%/5875L%>5;G"?%5>O#"05?%7-%L/7;7-4%;G79%,/;7D#5%7-8"#859%;/,D7-4%/595,/DG%/59.#;9%
</">%8,/7".9%A"./-,#9%/5#,;5?%;"%?747;,#7c,;7"-%7-%=7D/"(%H>,##(%,-?%=5?7.>%@-;5/O/7959%M=H=@9Q%,-?%
D">>7;>5-;%;"%"/4,-7c,;7"-,#%DG,-45$%:-%;G5%O/"D599%"<%#7;5/,;./5%95,/DG(%95#5D;7"-%D/7;5/7,%L5/5%,OO#75?%
;"%DG""95%#7;5/,;./5%F,95?%"-%O.F#7D,;7"-%05,/(%;"O7D%/5#58,-D5(%,-?%/595,/DG%>5;G"?"#"40$%NG5%/5#75?S
.O"-%9"./D59%<"/%#7;5/,;./5%5XO#"/,;7"-%7-D#.?5?%/5D5-;%O.F#7D,;7"-9%,-?%9;.?759%L7;G%974-7T7D,-;%7>O,D;%
"-%.-?5/9;,-?7-4%?747;,#%;/,-9<"/>,;7"-%7-%=H=@9$%
K/7;7D,#%,-,#0979% "<%;G5%/5875L5?%#7;5/,;./5%G,9%F55-%7-D"/O"/,;5?(%7?5-;7<07-4%;G5%L5,B-59959%
,-?%9;/5-4;G9%"<%5,DG%9;.?0%,-?%O/"87?7-4%,%D/7;7D,#%O5/9O5D;785%"-%7;9%D"-;/7F.;7"-%;"%;G5%.-?5/9;,-?7-4%
"<%;G5%;"O7D$%E??7;7"-,##0(%#7;5/,;./5%90-;G5979%L,9%D"-?.D;5?%;"%9.>>,/7c5%;G5%>,7-%T7-?7-49%,-?%5XO#,7-%
G"L%;G595%/595,/DG%".;D">59%9G,O5%,%O/"<".-?%.-?5/9;,-?7-4%"<%;G5%7>O,D;%"<%?747;,#7c,;7"-%"-%=H=@9%
,-?%;G5%/"#5%"<%D">>7;>5-;%;"%"/4,-7c,;7"-,#%DG,-45%7-%;G,;%D"-;5X;$%NG79%,OO/",DG%,##"L9%;G5%/595,/DG%
;"%,DD599%,-?%7-;54/,;5%?785/95%/5#58,-;%/595,/DG%T7-?7-49(%O/"87?7-4%,%9"#7?%<".-?,;7"-%;"%9.OO"/;%;G5%
,/4.>5-;9%,-?%D"-D#.97"-9%O/595-;5?%7-%;G5%,/;7D#5$%a7;G%;G595%,??7;7"-,#%?5;,7#9(%;G5%/595,/DG%>5;G"?%
"<<5/9%,%>"/5%?5;,7#5?%,-?%D">O/5G5-9785%7-974G;%7-;"%;G5%#7;5/,;./5%F,95%<"/%;G79%9;.?0$%
,
RESULTS)
H3IA;A?A:;,:D,HAJA?5B,2@5;GD:@K5?A:;,
I747;,#7c,;7"-%7-8"#859%;G5%D"-85/97"-%"<%,-,#"4%7-<"/>,;7"-%7-;"%,%?747;,#%<"/>,;%;G/".4G%?587D59%
#7B5% ,-,#"4S;"S?747;,#% D"-85/;5/9(% 7-D#.?7-4% 7>,45% 9D,--5/9% "/% ?747;,#% ,.?7"% /5D"/?7-4% ;""#9$% a7;G% ;G5%
7-D/5,97-4%O/58,#5-D5%"<%7-;5/-5;%.9,45%97-D5%;G5%*VV&9(%;G5%,?"O;7"-%"<%?747;,#7c,;7"-%G,9%,#9"%4/"L-$%
Y"L585/(% ?747;,#% ;/,-9<"/>,;7"-% 5-D">O,9959% >"/5% ;G,-% >5/5#0% D"-85/;7-4% 5X79;7-4% O/"D59959% 7-;"%
?747;,#% <"/>,;9$% :;% 7-8"#859% ,% D">O/5G5-9785% 5X,>7-,;7"-% "<% G"L% -5L% ?747;,#% ;5DG-"#"4759% D,-% F/7-4%
,F".;%974-7T7D,-;%DG,-459%;"%O/"?.D;9(%O/"D59959(%,-?%"/4,-7c,;7"-,#%9;/.D;./59%M=,;;%5;%,#$(%1&*]Q$%:-%,%
/5875L%</">%1&*V(%Y599%5;%,#$%M1&*\Q%O/"O"95?%,%?5T7-7;7"-%<"/%?747;,#%;/,-9<"/>,;7"-%,9%f,%O/"D599%;G,;%
!;?3@;5?A:;5B,0:C@;5B,:D,":EA5B,"3@FAE3,5;6,13G35@E8(%%
N5B,?%a,G0"-"%
!0""1 3,45%.%&%
,7>9%;"%5-G,-D5%,-%5-;7;0%F0%;/7445/7-4%974-7T7D,-;%DG,-459%;"%7;9%O/"O5/;759%;G/".4G%,%D">F7-,;7"-%"<%
7-<"/>,;7"-% ;5DG-"#"40(% D">O.;7-4(% D">>.-7D,;7"-(% ,-?% D"--5D;787;0f% M!7,#(% 1&1*Q$% I747;,#%
;/,-9<"/>,;7"-%79%"<;5-%875L5?%,9%,%9"D7"S;5DG-7D,#%O/"4/,>%MY,/;#%Z%Y599(%1&*VQ$%
I747;,#% ;/,-9<"/>,;7"-% /5<5/9% ;"% .97-4% 95/87D5% ?">,7-9(% -,>5#0% 3/"?.D;% H.OO"/;7-4% H5/87D59%
MHH39Q%,-?%K.9;">5/%H.OO"/;7-4%H5/87D59%MHHK9Q$%I747;,#7c,;7"-%7-;/"?.D59%,%-5L%45-5/,;7"-%"<%HH39%,-?%
HHK9(%,9%G74G#74G;5?%F0%/5D5-;%T75#?%/595,/DG%M3,7"#,(%1&*gQ$%:-%>,-0%7-?.9;/759(%;G5%.95%"<%?,;,%D">59%
</">% 95-9"/9% 5>F5??5?% 7-% >,DG7-59% ,-?% O/"?.D;9% ;G,;% 5-,F#5% -5L% <"/>9% "<% /5#,;7"-9G7O9% L7;G% B50%
D#75-;9$%
I747;,#% ;/,-9<"/>,;7"-% 79% ?/787-4% ,% f;L"S</"-;% L,/f% 7-% >,-.<,D;./7-4% M=,D,.#,0% 5;% ,#$(% 1&*]Q2%
T7/9;(% D">O,-759% >.9;% >,7-;,7-% ;/,?7;7"-,#% F.97-599% G5,?7-4% 7-;"% ,% -5L% L"/#?% G5,87#0% ?">7-,;5?% F0%
95/87D59$% :-% ,??7;7"-(% ?747;,#% ?79/.O;7"-% 7-D/5,97-4#0% /5e.7/59% >,-.<,D;./5/9% ;"% F5D">5% ;5DG-"#"40%
D">O,-759(%,9%D">O,-759%;G,;%.95%?,;,%F59;%L7##%F5%;G5%>"9;%9.DD599<.#$%E9%,%/59.#;(%D">O,-759%./45-;#0%
-55?%?747;,#%D,O,F7#7;759%;"%>,-,45%#,/45/%8"#.>59%,-?%8,/7,;7"-9%"<%?,;,%,-?%#585/,45%?,;,%,-,#0;7D9%;"%
D/5,;5% -5L% F.97-599% 7-974G;9% M)"85-;.>(% 1&*]Q$% K">O,-759% >.9;% ,#9"% >,-,45% ,??7;7"-,#% 95/87D5%
"/75-;,;7"-(% LG7DG% /5e.7/59% ?585#"O7-4% -5L% 95/87D59% 97>7#,/% ;"% ;G"95% .95?% 7-% 95/87D5% D">O,-759%
M`5F,.5/%5;%,#$(%1&&]Q$%
=5/45#%5;%,#$%M1&*VQ%O/"87?5%9585/,#%5995-;7,#%O"7-;9%/5#,;5?%;"%;G5%;5/>%?747;,#%;/,-9<"/>,;7"-(%
-,>5#02%
*$ NG5% 5>O7/7D,##0% 4/".-?5?% ?5T7-7;7"-% "<% ?747;,#% ;/,-9<"/>,;7"-% <"D.959% "-% ;G5% G"#79;7D% O/"D599% "<%
;/,-9<"/>7-4%O/"?.D;9%,-?%D.#;./59$%
1$ I747;,#% ;/,-9<"/>,;7"-% 4"59% F50"-?% ?747;,#7c,;7"-% ,-?% ?747;7c,;7"-% F0% 7-8"#87-4% ;G5% 5-;7/5%
"/4,-7c,;7"-$%
R$ I747;,#%;/,-9<"/>,;7"-%79%DG,-47-4%F./5,.D/,;7D%,-?%"/4,-7c,;7"-,#%D.#;./5%,-?%/5#,;7"-9G7O9%L7;G%
9;,B5G"#?5/9$%
'$ h"D.9%9G"/;S;5/>%".;O.;%"-%>5,9./,F#5%7>O/"85>5-;9%7-%-5L%?747;,#%95/87D59$%
]$ J"-4S;5/>%7>O,D;%,-?%<"D.9%/59.#;%7-%7-D/5,95?%5<<5D;785-599%,-?%9,;79<,D;7"-$%
NG5% D"-D5O;% "<% ?747;,#% ;/,-9<"/>,;7"-(% F"//"L5?% </">% ;G5% O/78,;5% 95D;"/(% 79% O/5?">7-,-;#0%
,99"D7,;5?%L7;G%;G5%-5D5997;0%"<%5>O#"07-4%-5L%;5DG-"#"4759%;"% 9;,0%D">O5;7;785%7-%;G5%:-;5/-5;%5/,(%
LG5/5%F";G%95/87D59%,-?%O/"?.D;9%,/5%"<<5/5?%;G/".4G%"-#7-5%,-?%"<T#7-5%DG,--5#9$%NG5%;/,-9<"/>,;7"-%
"<% "-#7-5% 95/87D59% 79% O5/D5785?% ,9% 5-G,-D7-4% D.9;">7c,;7"-% ,-?% ,.;">,;7"-% F0% 7>O#5>5-;7-4%
9;,-?,/?7c5?%O/"D59959%ME-?,#SE-D7"-%5;%,#$(%1&&RQ$%E#;5/-,;785#0(%9">5%?59D/7F5%?747;,#%;/,-9<"/>,;7"-%
,9% ,% 9;/,;540% ;"% /5D"-9;/.D;% F.97-599% >"?5#9% F,95?% "-% D.9;">5/% /5e.7/5>5-;9% .97-4% 7--"8,;785%
;5DG-"#"4759%Mb5/>,-(%1&*1Q$%
=5,-LG7#5(%="/,B,-0,-5%5;%,#$%M1&*^Q%9,7?%;G,;%;G5%?5T7-7;7"-%"<%?747;,#%;/,-9<"/>,;7"-%D".#?%F5%
955-%7-%;5/>9%"<%9;/,;540(%O/"D599(%b.97-599%="?5#%,-?%3,/,?74>%HG7<;(%LG7DG%79%DG,/,D;5/7c5?%F0%/,?7D,#(%
?79/.O;785(% 58"#.;7"-,/0dD"-;7-.".9%,-?%D">O#5X%DG,-459$%h./;G5/>"/5(% 7;%L,9%D"-8505?% ;G,;%?747;,#%
;/,-9<"/>,;7"-%/5e.7/59%I747;,#%N5DG-"#"4759(%I747;,#%K,O,F7#7;759(%H;/,;54759(%b.97-599%="?5#9(%,-?%!,#.5%
KG,7-$%
HAJA?5B,2@5;GD:@K5?A:;,L@:E3GG,
NG5%?747;,#%;/,-9<"/>,;7"-%O/"D599%/5e.7/59%9585/,#%9;,459(%,9%9.>>,/7c5?%F0%i,".7%,-?%H".7997%M1&1&Q(%
-,>5#02%
+M HAJA?5B,?@5;GD:@K5?A:;,3F5BC5?A:;,
NG79%9;,45%79%/5#,;5?%;"%;G5%5X79;7-4%?747;,#%D"-?7;7"-9%"<%,%O,/;7D.#,/%D">O,-0$%NG5%58,#.,;7"-%
9G".#?%F5%>.#;7S?7>5-97"-,#(%,9%9">5%9;.?759%,?8"D,;5%Mi,".7%5;%,#$(%1&*Vj%i,".7%Z%H".7997(%1&*g(%
1&1&Q$%E;%;G79%9;,45(%7;%79%5995-;7,#%;"%4"%;G/".4G%,-%58,#.,;7"-%;"%/5T#5D;%"-%;G5%D">O,-0[9%?747;,#%
>,;./7;0%,-?%e.59;7"-%G"L%5<T7D75-;%;G5%,?"O;5?%O/"D59959%,/5$%NG79%L7##%G5#O%95-97;7c5%?7<<5/5-;%
!;?3@;5?A:;5B,0:C@;5B,:D,":EA5B,"3@FAE3,5;6,13G35@E8%% G;;O92dd7A99/$/7?L,-7-9;7;.;5$D"$7?d%
!0""1,3,45%.%+%
9;,B5G"#?5/9% ;"% ;G5% -55?% <"/% ,-% 5-4,45?% ,-?% >"/5% ,47#5% ,OO/",DG% ;"% ;G5% ?747;,#% ;/,-9<"/>,;7"-%
O/"D599$%
$M H3IA;3, ?83, G?@5?3JAE, :@A3;?5?A:;, :D, ?83, E:KN5;9OG, 6AJA?5B, ?@5;GD:@K5?A:;, 5;6, G3?, G?@5?3JAE,
J:5BGM,
E;%;G79%9;,45(%;G5%O/"D599%79%;"%.-7;5%9">5%D,;54"/759%,-?%95O,/,;5%";G5/9$%Y5-D5<"/;G(%7;%79%
-5D599,/0%;"%?5T7-5%;G5%9;/,;547D%"/75-;,;7"-% "<%?747;,#%;/,-9<"/>,;7"-%,-?%?5/785%7;%</">%9O5D7T7D%
"FA5D;7859$%NG79%9;,45%7-D#.?59%4",#%95;;7-4(%7-;5/-,#%,-?%5X;5/-,#%?7,4-"979(%,-?%4",#9%<"/%,-%,D;7"-%
O#,-$%=5,-LG7#5(%;L"%>,7-%8,/7,F#59%>.9;%F5%D"-97?5/5?2%;G5%97c5%"<%;G5%D">O,-0%,-?%7;9%,D;787;759$%
NG79%OG,95%79%D/7;7D,#%;"%D">O#5;7-4%;G5%/59;%"<%;G5%O/"D599$%
.M !KNB3K3;?,6AJA?5B,?@5;GD:@K5?A:;,
NG5% 9.DD599<.#% 5X5D.;7"-% "<% ?747;,#% ;/,-9<"/>,;7"-% 7-% ,% O,/;7D.#,/% ?">,7-% ?5>,-?9%
9.F9;,-;7,#%O/5O,/,;7"-%,-?%?7/5D;7"-$%NG5%7>O#5>5-;,;7"-%OG,95%9;,-?9%".;%,9%;G5%>"9;%;,-47F#5%
,9O5D;%"<%;G5%5-;7/5%;/,-9<"/>,;785%7-7;7,;785$%!,/7".9%9;,B5G"#?5/9%L7##%5XO5/75-D5%,-?%"F95/85%;G5%
DG,-459$% NG5% 9O55?% ,;% LG7DG% ;G595% DG,-459% >,;5/7,#7c5% 79% D"-;7-45-;% "-% ;G5% >";78,;7"-% ,-?%
D">>7;>5-;%"<%9;,B5G"#?5/9%;"L,/?%;G5%9G,/5?%"FA5D;785%"<%?747;,#7c,;7"-$%
>:KKA?K3;?,?:,>85;J3,
=505/% ,-?% E##5-% M*VV*Q%?5T7-5% D">>7;>5-;% ,9% ;G5% O90DG"#"47D,#% D"-?7;7"-% "/% O5/9O5D;785%
5-,F#7-4% ,-% 5>O#"055% ;"% 9.9;,7-% ,<T7#7,;7"-% L7;G% ,-% "/4,-7c,;7"-$% NG50% D,;54"/7c5% D">>7;>5-;% 7-;"%
,<<5D;785%D">>7;>5-;%M;G5%7-D#7-,;7"-%;"%9;,0Q(%D"-;7-.,-D5%D">>7;>5-;%MO5/D5785?%D"9;9%"<%?5O,/;./5Q(%
,-?% -"/>,;785% D">>7;>5-;% MO5/D5785?% "F#74,;7"-% ;"% 9;,0Q$% aG7#5% 5,DG% <,D5;% "<% "/4,-7c,;7"-,#%
D">>7;>5-;% ?7>7-79G59% ;G5% O/"F,F7#7;0% "<% 5>O#"0559% #5,87-4% ;G5% "/4,-7c,;7"-(% ;G5% B50% /,;7"-,#5% <"/%
?79;7-4.79G7-4%F5;L55-%;G595%D">O"-5-;9%#759%7-%;G5%?79;7-D;%7>O#7D,;7"-9%;G50%D,-%G,85%"-%;G57/%L"/B%
F5G,87"/$%K">>7;>5-;%;"%DG,-45%/5<5/9%;"%,-%5>O#"055[9%L7##7-4-599%;"%;,B5%;G5%,D;7"-9%-5D599,/0%;"%
,<<5D;%DG,-45%7-?787?.,##0%,-?%974-7T7D,-;#0%7>O,D;%;G5%9.DD599%"<%"/4,-7c,;7"-,#%DG,-45%MY5/9D"87;DG%Z%
=505/(%1&&1Q$%
K"5;955%M*VVVQ%D"-;5-?9%;G,;%LG5-%5>O#"0559%G"#?%<,8"/,F#5%,;;7;.?59%;"L,/?%"/4,-7c,;7"-,#%
DG,-45(% 7;% 7>O#759% ,% 9;,;5% "<% D">>7;>5-;$% NG79% D">>7;>5-;% ;"% "/4,-7c,;7"-,#% DG,-45% O#,09% ,% /"#5% 7-%
5-G,-D7-4% 5>O#"055% >";78,;7"-(% 5#58,;7-4% 5>O#"055% O5/<"/>,-D5(% ?5D/5,97-4% ,F95-;5579>(% ,-?%
5-9./7-4%;G,;%5>O#"055%;./-"85/%/,;59%9;,0%#"L$%E%97>7#,/%875LO"7-;%79%,/;7D.#,;5?%F0%W/57;-5/(%P"F5/;(%
,-?%W7-7DB7%M1&*'Q(%LG"%O"97;%;G,;%D">>7;>5-;%7-8"#859%,%?5?7D,;7"-%;"%.-?5/;,B7-4%,D;7"-9%<"/%"-5[9%
"L-%F5-5T7;(%,9%L5##%,9%<"/%";G5/9(%4/".O9(%"/%"/4,-7c,;7"-9$%
:-%;G5%D"./95%"<%"/4,-7c,;7"-,#%DG,-45(%-.>5/".9%7-?787?.,#9%5-D".-;5/%<55#7-49%"<%.-D5/;,7-;0%
,-?%,-X75;0%/5#,;5?%;"%O";5-;7,#%?7<T7D.#;759%7-%,?,O;7-4%;"%-5L%L"/B%D7/D.>9;,-D59%MK.>>7-49%Z%a"/#50(%
1&*'Q$%NG595%95-;7>5-;9%,-?%,D;7"-9%D,-%7-T#.5-D5%,-%5>O#"055[9%?5?7D,;7"-%;"%"/4,-7c,;7"-,#%DG,-45%
,-?%7;9%D"--5D;7"-%;"%O/"87?7-4%F5G,87"/,#%9.OO"/;%<"/%;G5%DG,-45%O/"D599$%K"-95e.5-;#0(%D">>7;>5-;%
9;,-?9% ".;% ,9% "-5% "<% ;G5% O,/,>".-;% 5#5>5-;9% 7-T#.5-D7-4% 5>O#"055% D"-?.D;% 7-% <,D7#7;,;7-4% DG,-45%
ME/>5-,B79% 5;% ,#$(% 1&&^Q$% b,95?% "-% ;G5% O/5D5?7-4(% D">>7;>5-;% ;"% "/4,-7c,;7"-,#% DG,-45% D,-% F5%
D"-D#.?5?%,9%,%O"97;785%,;;7;.?5%;G,;%9.OO"/;9%"/4,-7c,;7"-,#%DG,-45(%D"-979;7-4%"<%,<<5D;785(%-"/>,;785%
,-?%D"-;7-.".9%D">>7;>5-;$%
HAGECGGA:;,5;6,P:BB:Q(CN,"CJJ3G?A:;G%
:-% ;G5% O/595-;% #,-?9D,O5(% 7-D"/O"/,;7-4% "/4,-7c,;7"-,#% DG,-45% 7-;"% D"/O"/,;5% 9;/,;540% G,9%
F5D">5%7-?79O5-9,F#5%<"/%>"9;%F.97-59959(%7-D#.?7-4%=H=@9$%NG79%;/,-97;7"-%G,9%7-;/"?.D5?%F";G%</59G%
DG,##5-459%,-?%O/"9O5D;9$%NG5%L7?59O/5,?%,?"O;7"-%"<%7-<"/>,;7"-%,-?%D">>.-7D,;7"-%;5DG-"#"40%G,9%
#5?% ;"% ,% 974-7T7D,-;% 7-D#7-,;7"-% ;"L,/?9% ?747;,#% ;/,-9<"/>,;7"-$% U/4,-7c,;7"-9% >.9;% /558,#.,;5% ;G57/%
O/"D5?./59(% "FA5D;7859(% ,-?% >7997"-% ;"% 9;,0% D">O5;7;785$% )"-5;G5#599(% 7>O#5>5-;7-4%?747;,#%
;/,-9<"/>,;7"-%7-;/"?.D59%.-D5/;,7-;759(%7-?.D59%9;/599(%,-?%9O,/B9%,OO/5G5-97"-9%,F".;%<.;./5%L"/B$%
NG5%D">>7;>5-;%;"%;G5%"/4,-7c,;7"-(%O,/;7D.#,/#0%,<<5D;785%D">>7;>5-;%;"%DG,-45(%F5D">59%D/.D7,#%7-%
-,874,;7-4%;G595%;/,-9<"/>,;7"-9%M:F/,47>"8%Z%b5/79G87#7(%1&1RQ$%
!;?3@;5?A:;5B,0:C@;5B,:D,":EA5B,"3@FAE3,5;6,13G35@E8(%%
N5B,?%a,G0"-"%
!0""1 3,45%.%$%
=505/%,-?%E##5-%M*VV*Q%,/4.5%;G,;%5>O#"0559%L7;G%,<<5D;785%D">>7;>5-;%,;;5-?%L"/B%/54.#,/#0(%
O5/<"/>%,9974-5?%;,9B9%;"%;G5%F59;%"<%;G57/%,F7#7;0(%,-?%?"%#7;;#5%5X;/,%;"%G5#O$%NG"95%LG"%/5>,7-%".;%"<%,%
95-95%"<%"F#74,;7"-%M-"/>,;785%D">>7;>5-;Q%D,-%?"%;G5%9,>5%"-#0%7<%;G50%955%7;%,9%O,/;%"<%;G57/%?.;0%"/%
,9%,%>5,-9%"<%/5D">O5-95%<"/%F5-5T7;9%/5D5785?$%NG.9(%=H=@%,D;"/9%LG"%,/5%G74G#0%D">>7;;5?%;"%DG,-45%
9G"L%F5G,87"./%;G,;%9.OO"/;9%;G5%DG,-45%5<<"/;9%>,?5(%7-D#.?7-4%7-%;G5%?747;,#%;/,-9<"/>,;7"-%O/"D599$%
K">>7;>5-;% ;"% DG,-45% ,<<5D;9% /5;5-;7"-% /,;59(% L"/B% ,;;5-?,-D5(% O5/<"/>,-D5% 7-% O5/<"/>7-4%
L"/B(%,-?%5>O#"0559[%"/4,-7c,;7"-,#%D7;7c5-9G7O%F5G,87"./%MUKbQ(%LG7DG%,<<5D;9%;G5%9.DD599%"<%DG,-45%
7>O#5>5-;,;7"-% MY5/9D"87;DG% Z% =505/(% 1&&1Q$% @>O#"055% D">>7;>5-;% ,#9"% G5#O9% "85/D">5% DG,-45S
/5#,;5?% ?79D"><"/;% ,-?% 9;/599% ;G,;% D,-% ,<<5D;% ;G5% 9.DD599% "<% DG,-45% M3,DB,/?(% 1&*1Q$% :<% ;G79% 79%
7>O#5>5-;5?% ?./7-4% ?747;,#% ;/,-9<"/>,;7"-% <"/% =H=@9(% ;G5-% ,##% G.>,-% /59"./D59% L7##% 9.OO"/;% ;G5%
9.DD599%"<%;G79%O/"4/,>%F0%9G"L7-4%;G5%F59;%O5/<"/>,-D5$%
Y.0% M1&&1Q%9,7?% ;G,;% 5>O#"0559% D"##5D;785#0% 9.OO"/;% "/4,-7c,;7"-,#% DG,-45% O/"4/,>9% LG5-%
;G5/5%79%,%95-95%"<%;/.9;%,-?%,;;,DG>5-;%;"%;G5%"/4,-7c,;7"-$%K"-97?5/7-4%;G79(%DG,-45%,45-;9%>.9;%D/5,;5%
,%9;/"-4%95-95%"<%;/.9;%,-?%,;;,DG>5-;%;"%;G5%"/4,-7c,;7"-%LG5-%?747;,#%;/,-9<"/>,;7"-%"DD./9%7-%=H=@9$%
N,B7-4% 7-;"% ,DD".-;% 9">5% "<% ;G5% /595,/DG% /59.#;9% >5-;7"-5?% ,F"85(% 7-% ;G5% O/"D599% "<% ?747;,#%
;/,-9<"/>,;7"-% 7-% =H=@9(% ,% D">>7;>5-;% ;"% DG,-45% >.9;% F5% D/5,;5?% 9"% ;G,;% ;G5% DG,-459% >,?5% ,/5%
9.DD599<.#$%H.4459;7"-9%<"/%/595,/DG%,/5%,9%<"##"L92%
*$ :-D#.?5% 8,/7,F#59% 9.DG% ,9% ,DD5O;,-D5% "<% ;G5% 7>O,D;% "<% ;5DG-"#"47D,#% DG,-45% 7-% ;G5% L"/BO#,D5(%
9.OO"/;%<,D;"/9%</">%;G5%"/4,-7c,;7"-(%,-?%7-?787?.,#%D"-?7;7"-9%"<%,##%=H=@%5>O#"0559(%
1$ I79;7-4.79G%;G5%;0O59%"<%?747;,#7c,;7"-%D,//75?%".;%7-%=H=@9%9"%;G,;%;G5%?747;,#%;/,-9<"/>,;7"-%D,-%
F5%,DD5O;5?%4/,?.,##0$%
,
CONCLUSION))
NG5%B50%DG,##5-45%7-%,?8,-D7-4% =7D/"(% H>,##(%,-?%=5?7.>%@-;5/O/7959% M=H=@9Q% 7-%:-?"-597,%
D5-;5/9%,/".-?%?747;,#%;/,-9<"/>,;7"-(%-5D5997;,;7-4%D">>7;>5-;%</">%,##%"/4,-7c,;7"-,#%9;,B5G"#?5/9$%
NG79% /595,/DG% ,7>9% ;"% .-?5/9D"/5% ;G5% 974-7T7D,-D5% "<% D">>7;>5-;% ;"% DG,-45% 7-% 9.OO"/;7-4% ?747;,#%
;/,-9<"/>,;7"-% L7;G7-% =H=@9(% 5>OG,97c7-4% 7;9% O"97;785% 7>O,D;% "-% 7>O#5>5-;,;7"-% 9.DD599$% NG5%
?5T7-7;7"-%"<%?747;,#%;/,-9<"/>,;7"-%7-8"#859%,%D">O/5G5-9785%5X,>7-,;7"-%"<%G"L%-5L%;5DG-"#"4759%D,-%
F/7-4%,F".;%974-7T7D,-;%DG,-459%;"%O/"?.D;9(% O/"D59959(%,-?% "/4,-7c,;7"-,#%9;/.D;./59$%NG5%D"-D5O;% 79%
,99"D7,;5?%L7;G%;G5%-5D5997;0%"<%5>O#"07-4%-5L%;5DG-"#"4759%;"%9;,0%D">O5;7;785%7-%;G5%:-;5/-5;%5/,$%NG5%
?747;,#%;/,-9<"/>,;7"-%O/"D599(%".;#7-5?%7-%9;,459(%/5e.7/59%,%;G"/".4G%58,#.,;7"-%"<%;G5%5X79;7-4%?747;,#%
D"-?7;7"-9(%9;/,;547D%4",#%95;;7-4(%,-?%5<<5D;785%7>O#5>5-;,;7"-$%E9%?5T7-5?%F0%=505/%,-?%E##5-%M*VV*Q(%
;G5%D">>7;>5-;%;"%DG,-45%F5D">59%D/.D7,#%7-%-,874,;7-4%.-D5/;,7-;759%,-?%9;/599%,99"D7,;5?%L7;G%;G5%
;/,-9<"/>,;7"-(%7-T#.5-D7-4%5>O#"055%F5G,87"/%,-?%"/4,-7c,;7"-,#%9.DD599$%NG5%D">>7;>5-;%;"%DG,-45%
,<<5D;9% /5;5-;7"-% /,;59(% L"/B% ,;;5-?,-D5(% O5/<"/>,-D5(% ,-?% 5>O#"0559[% "/4,-7c,;7"-,#% D7;7c5-9G7O%
F5G,87"/(%LG7DG%79%5995-;7,#%<"/%;G5%9.DD599%"<%?747;,#%;/,-9<"/>,;7"-%7-%=H=@9$%N"%5-G,-D5%/595,/DG%7-%
;G79% ,/5,(% 7;% 79% 9.4459;5?% ;"% 7-D#.?5% 8,/7,F#59% 9.DG% ,9% ,DD5O;,-D5% "<% ;5DG-"#"47D,#% DG,-45% 7>O,D;(%
"/4,-7c,;7"-,#% 9.OO"/;% <,D;"/9(% ,-?% 7-?787?.,#% D"-?7;7"-9% "<% =H=@% 5>O#"0559$% E??7;7"-,##0(%
?79;7-4.79G7-4%;0O59%"<%?747;,#7c,;7"-%7-%=H=@9%D,-%D"-;/7F.;5%;"%,%4/,?.,#%,-?%9.DD599<.#%,DD5O;,-D5%"<%
?747;,#%;/,-9<"/>,;7"-$%6#;7>,;5#0(%7-D"/O"/,;7-4%,%D">>7;>5-;%;"%DG,-45%79%D/.D7,#%<"/%=H=@9%;"%;G/785%
7-%;G5%58"#87-4%?747;,#%#,-?9D,O5$%
,
REFERENCES)
E>O"-9,GSN,L7,G(% W$(% b",;5-4(% E$% W$(% Z% N5;;5G(% H$% I$% M1&1&Q$% H,<5;0% D#7>,;5% ,-?% 5>O#"0559k% 8"#.-;,/0%
L"/B%F5G,87"./92%;G5%>"?5/,;7-4%/"#5%"<%5>O#"0559k%8"7D5$%International'Journal'of'Workplace'
Health'Management(%13M]Q(%]\*l]g*$!
!;?3@;5?A:;5B,0:C@;5B,:D,":EA5B,"3@FAE3,5;6,13G35@E8%% G;;O92dd7A99/$/7?L,-7-9;7;.;5$D"$7?d%
!0""1,3,45%.%.%
E-?,#SE-D7"-(%E$(%K,/;L/74G;(%3$%E$(%Z%m7O(%`$%H$%M1&&RQ$%NG5%?747;,#%;/,-9<"/>,;7"-%"<%;/,?7;7"-,#%F.97-599$%
MIT'Sloan'Management'Review$%
E/>5-,B79(%E$%E$(%b5/-5/;G(%+$%b$(%37;;9(%+$%3$(%Z%a,#B5/(%Y$%+$%M1&&^Q$%U/4,-7c,;7"-,#%DG,-45%/5D7O75-;9k%F5#75<9%
9D,#52% I585#"O>5-;% "<% ,-% ,99599>5-;% 7-9;/.>5-;$% The' Journal' of' Applied' Behavioral' Science(%
43M'Q(%'g*l]&]$%
b5/>,-(%H$%+$%M1&*1Q$%I747;,#%;/,-9<"/>,;7"-2%"OO"/;.-7;759%;"%D/5,;5%-5L%F.97-599%>"?5#9$%Strategy'&'
Leadership(%40M1Q(%*\l1'$%
b".L>,-(% Y$(% )7B".(% H$(% Z% ?5% P5.85/(% =$% M1&*VQ$% I747;,#7c,;7"-(% F.97-599% >"?5#9(% ,-?% H=@92% Y"L% ?"%
F.97-599% >"?5#% 7--"8,;7"-% O/,D;7D59% 7>O/"85% O5/<"/>,-D5% "<% ?747;,#7c7-4% H=@9n%
Telecommunications'Policy(%43MVQ(%*&*g1g$%
K.>>7-49(%N$%`$(%Z%a"/#50(%K$%`$%M1&*'Q$%Organization'development'and'change$%K5-4,45%#5,/-7-4$%
@8,-45.#79;,(%`$(%E4.9;7-(%E$(%3.;/,(%`$%3$%@$(%3/,>59;7(%I$%N$(%Z%=,?779;/70,;-"(%Y$%M1&1RQ$%H;/,;547%6>B>%
I,#,>%=5-4G,?,O7%I747;,#79,97$%Oikos'Nomos:'Jurnal'Kajian'Ekonomi'Dan'Bisnis(%16M*Q(%RRl'1$%
`5F,.5/(% Y$(% h#579DG(% @$(% Z% h/75?#7(% N$% M1&&]Q$% U85/D">7-4% ;G5% 95/87D5% O,/,?"X% 7-% >,-.<,D;./7-4%
D">O,-759$%European'Management'Journal(%23M*Q(%*'l1\$%
Y,/;#(% @$(% Z% Y599(% N$% M1&*VQ$% IT' projects' in' digital' transformation:' a' socio-technical' journey' towards'
technochange$%
Y5/-,L,-(%a$(%Z%W.9?7,-,(%E$%M1&1&Q$%BiograVi'Sunan'Gunung'Djati:'Sang'Penata'Agama'Di'Tanah'Sunda$%
J31=%6:)%H.-,-%`.-.-4%IA,;7%b,-?.-4$%
Y5/9D"87;DG(% J$(% Z% =505/(% +$% 3$% M1&&1Q$% K">>7;>5-;% ;"% "/4,-7c,;7"-,#% DG,-452% 5X;5-97"-% "<% ,% ;G/55S
D">O"-5-;%>"?5#$%Journal'of'Applied'Psychology(%87MRQ(%'^'$%
Y599(% N$(% =,;;(% K$(%b5-#7,-(%E$(%Z%a759F"o DB(% h$% M1&*\Q$%UO;7"-9% <"/% <"/>.#,;7-4% ,%?747;,#%;/,-9<"/>,;7"-%
9;/,;540$%MIS'Quarterly'Executive(%15M1Q$%
Y.0(%p$%)$%M1&&1Q$%@>";7"-,#%F,#,-D7-4%"<%"/4,-7c,;7"-,#%D"-;7-.7;0%,-?%/,?7D,#%DG,-452%NG5%D"-;/7F.;7"-%
"<%>7??#5%>,-,45/9$%Administrative'Science'Quarterly(%47M*Q(%R*l\V$%
:F/,47>"8(%m$(%Z%b5/79G87#7(%)$%b$%M1&1RQ$%E-,#0979%"<%7-;/7-97D%>";78,;7"-%7-T#.5-D5%"-%5>O#"055%,<<5D;785%
D">>7;>5-;% ?./7-4% ?747;,#% DG,-45$% London' Journal' of' Social' Sciences(% 6(% *l**$%
G;;O92dd?"7$"/4d*&$R*&RVd#A99$1&1R$\$V^%
W./-7,%H,/7(%E$(%W59.>,(%H$%E$(%Z%=.?,(%:$%M1&1RQ$%=H=@9%6O4/,?5%L7;G%NG5%K"-D5O;%"<%`/55-%EDD".-;7-4%
,-?% I747;,#7c,;7"-% MH;.?0% J7;5/,;./5% P5875LQ$% International' Journal' of' Social' Service' and'
Research(%3MRQ(%^\Rl^\^$%G;;O92dd?"7$"/4d*&$'\^VVd7A99/$8R7R$R&1%
=,D,.#,0(% +$(% K"--5##(% W$% U$(% Z% I5#,-50(% W$% M1&*]Q$% NG5% I747;,#% =,-.<,D;./5/% P59"#87-4% ;G5% H5/87D5%
I7#5>>,$%Cisco,'November(%*l1&$%
=,;;(%K$(%Y599(%N$(%Z%b5-#7,-(%E$%M1&*]Q$%I747;,#%;/,-9<"/>,;7"-%9;/,;54759$%Business'&'Information'Systems'
Engineering(%57(%RRVlR'R$%
=5/45#(% :$(% @?5#>,--(% )$(% Z% Y,.4(% )$% M1&*VQ$% I5T7-7-4% ?747;,#% ;/,-9<"/>,;7"-2% P59.#;9% </">% 5XO5/;%
7-;5/875L9$%Government'Information'Quarterly(%36M'Q(%*&*Rg]$%
=505/(%+$%3$(%Z%E##5-(%)$%+$%M*VV*Q$%E%;G/55SD">O"-5-;%D"-D5O;.,#7c,;7"-%"<%"/4,-7c,;7"-,#%D">>7;>5-;$%
Human'Resource'Management'Review(%1M*Q(%\*lgV$%
="/,B,-0,-5(% P$(% `/,D5(% E$% E$(% Z% Uk/57##0(% 3$% M1&*^Q$% Conceptualizing' digital' transformation' in' business'
organizations:'A'systematic'review'of'literature$%
3,DB,/?(%N$%M1&*1Q$%U/4,-7c,;7"-,#%DG,-45%7-%-"-O/"T7;%"/4,-7c,;7"-92%:>O#7D,;7"-9%<"/%G.>,-%/59"./D5%
>,-,45>5-;$%:-%Human'Resource'Management'in'the'NonproVit'Sector%MOO$%11*l1'&Q$%@?L,/?%
@#4,/%3.F#79G7-4$%
3,7"#,(% =$% M1&*gQ$% I747;,#7c,;7"-% ,-?% 95/87;7c,;7"-2% UOO"/;.-7;759% ,-?% DG,##5-459% <"/% :;,#7,-% H=@H$%
Sinergie'Italian'Journal'of'Management(%36M*&^Q(%**l11$%
H7-?7-4(%W$(%a,#?9;/q>(%K$(%W7-7DB7(%E$(%Z%W/57;-5/(%P$%M1&*'Q$%Organisational'behaviour$%
!;?3@;5?A:;5B,0:C@;5B,:D,":EA5B,"3@FAE3,5;6,13G35@E8(%%
N5B,?%a,G0"-"%
!0""1 3,45%.%R%
H;/.>9B0(% I$(% J"F"(% +$(% Z% N,7-;5/(% +$% E$% M1&*&Q$% K">O#5X7;0% ,-?% ;G5% O/"?.D;787;0% "<% 7--"8,;7"-$% Systems'
Research'and'Behavioral'Science(%27M]Q(%'V\l]&V$%
!7,#(%`$%M1&1*Q$%6-?5/9;,-?7-4%?747;,#%;/,-9<"/>,;7"-2%E%/5875L%,-?%,%/595,/DG%,45-?,$%Managing'Digital'
Transformation(%*Rl\\$%
!79L,-,;G,-(%P$(%Z%N5#.B?,/75(%E$%M1&1*Q$%E%909;5>9%?0-,>7D9%,OO/",DG%;"%H=@%?747;,#7c,;7"-$%Procedia'
Computer'Science(%180(%g*\lg1'$%
i,".7(%h$(%E99".#(%H$(%Z%H".7997(%)$%M1&*VQ$%aG,;%,/5%;G5%>,7-%?7>5-97"-9%"<%?747;,#%;/,-9<"/>,;7"-n%K,95%
"<%,-%7-?.9;/0$%International'Journal'of'Recent'Technology'and'Engineering(%8M'Q(%VV\1lVV^&$%
i,".7(% h$(% Z% H".7997(% )$% M1&*gQ$% U-;"S?747;,#2% E-% "-;"#"40SF,95?% >"?5#% <"/% ?747;,#% ;/,-9<"/>,;7"-k9%
B-"L#5?45$%Innovation(%5(%\$%
i,".7(% h$(% Z% H".7997(% )$% M1&1&Q$% P",?>,O% <"/% ?747;,#% ;/,-9<"/>,;7"-2% E% #7;5/,;./5% /5875L$% Procedia'
Computer'Science(%175(%\1*l\1g$%
%
>:N9@AJ8?,8:B63@S,
N5B,?%a,G0"-"%M1&1'Q,
,
PA@G?,NCTBAE5?A:;,@AJ8?GS,
:-;5/-,;7"-,#%+"./-,#%"<%H"D7,#%H5/87D5%,-?%P595,/DG%M:+HHPQ%
,
28AG,5@?AEB3,AG,BAE3;G36,C;63@S,
,
,
%