Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
!"#$%%&'(%)"$%*+(%,-.-/0-1%+&+'%
e-!""#2%$%&'(%)*+,-,p-!""#2%$%&'(%.*/$
,
!0""1,345-%.&'+
!""#$%&&'()*(+,&-.*/0122&)3$$+*45)-6*05/7
This%work%is%licensed%under%a%Attribution-ShareAlike%4.0%International%(CC%BY-SA%4.0)
Analysis(of( the(Level(of(Political(Participation(of(the(
Kenduri(Cinta(Community(in(Jakarta(
,
234,145467
1
8,#79:45;<;=
2
8,>5?@;A
3$
6788#-%94:;%4<8%=:#4/7.%>-57"<4#%?;@87-:(%?-A"#4B%C4D74<%?;14;-57:%84<%E#"04#(%F<7 G-1:7;4:%=<8"<-:74(%
=<8"<-:74
1,2,3%
9/47#2%-14B4H@*II*J5/47#$."/
1
(%<@1K4B787<J@7$4.$78
2
(%.B";70JB";/47#$."/
3%
BC6:?9<D,
,
EF"G1E>G,
Political(Participation,(Urban(
Su1ism,(Kenduri(Cinta.%
(
8!)$7 +9$9:+;!7 <:$7 ;(='>;"9'7 "(7 '9"9+?)=97 "!97 @949@7 (A7 #(@)");:@7
#:+");)#:")(=7 (A7 "!97 B9='>+)7 C)=":7 ;(??>=)"D7 :$7 :=7 >+E:=7 F>G)$?7
;(??>=)"D7 )=7 HBI7 J:K:+":*7 8!97 ?9"!('7 >$9'7 )=7 "!)$7 +9$9:+;!7 )$7 :7
L>:=")":")4 97?9"!('7 ED7 ')$"+)E>")=,7 L>9$")(==:)+9$7 "(7 "!97 B9='>+)7
C)=":7 ;(??>=)"D7 <!(7 <9+97 $9@9;"9'7 ED7 #>+#($)497 $:?#@)=,*7 8!97
)='9#9='9="7 4:+):E@9$7 >$9'7 )=7 "!)$7 +9$9:+;!7 :+97 #(@)");:@7 ;(=;9+=M7
#(@)");:@7 ?(")4 :")(=M7 #(@)");:@7 $)">:")(=7 :='7 9=4)+ (=? 9="M7 #(@)");:@7
9'>;:")(=M7:='7#(@)");:@7 (+)9=":")(=*7 8!)$7 $">'D79N#@:)=$7!(<7"!9$97
)='9#9='9="74:+):E@9$7:AA9;"7"!97#(@)");:@7#:+");)#:")(=7(A7"!97B9='>+)7
C)=":7;(??>=)"D*78!97O.57L>9$")(==:)+9$7(E":)=9'7<9+97#+(;9$$9'7
ED7 "!97 FPFF7 :##@);:")(=7 49+$)(=7 6O*7 8!97 P+)=;)#:@7 C(?#(=9="7
Q=:@D $)$7?9"!('7 <:$7>$9'7 )=7 ?>@")#@97 @)=9:+7 +9,+9$$)(=7"(7:=:@D$97
!(<7)='9#9='9="74:+):E@9$7:AA9;"7"!9)+7#(@)");:@7#:+");)#:")(=*78!97R7
"9$"7+9$>@"7$!(<$7"!:"7:@@7)='9#9='9="74:+):E@9$7$)?>@":=9(>$@D7:AA9;"7
"!97@949@7(A7#(@)");:@7#:+");)#:")(=7(A7"!97B9='>+)7C)=":7;(??>=)"D*7
S9:=<!)@9T7"!97"7"9$"7+9$>@"7$!(<$7"!:"7A(>+7)='9#9='9="74:+):E@9$7
:+97 $),=)G);:="7 :='7 "!+997 (A7 "!9?7 !:497 #($)")497 +9,+9$$)(=7
;(9AG);)9="$*7 I="9+9$")=,@DT7 #(@)");:@7 ?(")4:")(=7 !:$7 :7 =9,:")497
+9,+9$$)(=7 ;(9AG);)9="7 949=7 "!(>,!7 )"7 )$7 $),=)G);:="*7 8!)$7 ?9:=$7 "!97
!),!9+7 "!9)+7 #(@)");:@7 ?(")4:")(=T7 "!97 @(<9+7 "!9)+7 #(@)");:@7
#:+");)#:")(=*7
,
,
,
INTRODUCTION,
3"#7;7.4#% L41;7.7L4;7"<% B4:% 0-."/-% "<-% "M% ;B-% "0D-.;:% ;B4;% 41-% K78-#H% 1-:-41.B-8(% @:7<5% 0";B%
N@4#7;4;7G-% 4<8% N@4<;7;4;7G-% /-;B"8$% ?"/-% 1-:-41.B% "<% L"#7;7.4#% L41;7.7L4;7"<% 7:% #7<A-8% ;"% 5-<8-1(%
[email protected];7"<% #-G-#(% -."<"/7.% #-G-#(% 4<8% :".74#% /-874$% O.."187<5% ;"% O84/% P+&*QR% L4L-1% KB7.B% -SL#47<:%
M4.;"1:% 4MM-.;7<5% K"/-<T:% L41;7.7L4;7"<% 7<% #".4#% ."@<.7#:% 7<% 3@<;#4<8(% ?"/4#74$% O84/% /-<;7"<-8% ;B4;%
3@<;#4<8% K"/-<% ;-<8% ;"% 0-% /4157<4#7U-8% 4<8% @<8-11-L1-:-<;-8% 7<% L"#7;7.:% 4<8% 8-.7:7"<V/4A7<5$%
W@#;@14#% M4.;"1:% 41-% ;B-% 0755-:;% 04117-1% M"1% 3@<;#4<8% K"/-<% ;"% L41;7.7L4;-% 871-.;#H% 4;% ."@<.7#% #-G-#%
P314;4/4%+&+&R$%9G-<%I&X%"M%1-:L"<8-<;:%-SL1-::-8%"0D-.;7"<%;"%<"/7<4;7<5%K"/-<%4:%1-L1-:-<;4;7G-:%
"M%.#4<:%M"1%;B-%."@<.7#$%
?4--8(% -;% 4#% P+&*IR% -S4/7<-8% K"/-<T:% L"#7;7.4#% L41;7.7L4;7"<% 7<% ,71% FLL-1% ,7:;17.;(% CBH0-1%
34AB;@<ABK4(%34A7:;4<$%YB-H%M"@<8%;B4;%G";7<5%0H%M-/4#-%G";-1:%7<%;B-%34AB;@<%L"L@#4;7"<%"M%CBH0-1%
34AB;@<ABK4(%L41;7.@#41#H%7<%FLL-1%,71%,7:;17.;%7:%."<:78-1-8%4:%4%:7<(%."<;1"G-1;%;"%#".4#%;1487;7"<(%4<8%
L1"G"A-% #-54#% ."<:-N@-<.-:$% 34;1741.B4#% .@#;@1-(% /7:"5H<7:;7.% 0-B4G7"1(% 5-<8-1% <"1/:(% :;75/4% 4<8%
:B4/-(%M-41%"M%G7.;7/7U4;7"<(%4<8%#4.A%"M%:@LL"1;%4<8%M4.7#7;7-:%M1"/%5"G-1</-<;:%4<8%L"#7;7.4#%L41;7-:%
B4G-%:75<7Z7.4<;%4::".74;7"<:%K7;B%K"/-<T:%L41;7.7L4;7"<%PO#/"<8%-;%4#$(%+&*[\%]7<#4H%-;%4#$(+&*IR$%
=<%;B-%";B-1%B4<8(%6.W"##@/%P+&+*R%:;@87-8%;B-%#-G-#%"M%L"#7;7.4#%L41;7.7L4;7"<%0H%7<;-1G7-K7<5%
^'% 48"#-:.-<;:% 7<% -#-/-<;41H% 4<8% :-."<841H% :.B""#:% 7<% !4<."@G-1(% W4<484(% 4:% K-##% 4:% 7<% B75B% :".7"V
-."<"/7.%41-4:$%YB-%1-:@#;%:B"K:%;B4;%7<%4% :".74#%."<;-S;(%L41;7.7L4;7"<% 7:%/"1-%#7A-#H%;"%0-%M"@<8%7<%
!=@C9=4@;?=4H,0?79=4H,?I,"?J;4H,"C9K;JC,4=<,1CDC49J5,% B;;L:2__7D::1$178K4<7<:;7;@;-$."$78_%
!0""1,345-%.&'$
B75B-1%[email protected];-8%H "@;B$%`"K-G-1(%B75B-1%[email protected];7"<%B48%<"%-MM-.;%"<%;B-%#-G-#%"M%L"#7;7.4#%L41;7.7L4;7"<%
P,7<-:-<%-;%4#$%+&++\%a4<7%-;%4#$(%+&++R$%
6-4<KB7#-(% b@#74<7(% -;% 4#% P+&+*R% -S4/7<-8% ;B-% 8-G-#"L/-<;% "M% :".74#% .#4::% ."<:;7;@-<.7-:% ;"%
L41;7.7L4;-%7<%L"#7;7.4#%4.;7G7;7-:%7<%c4<84%O.-B%4<8%6-@#40"B$%YB-H%M"@<8%;B4;%;B-%7<.1-4:-8%#-G -#:%"M%
L"#7;7.4#%L41;7.7L4;7"<%7<%0";B%.7;7-:%K-1-%L41;#H%4MM-.;-8%0H%L"#7;7.:%"M%78-<;7;H%@:-8%0H%0-57<<-1:%7<%;B-71%
.4/L475<:$%?".74#%.#4::%4#:"%B48%4<%7/L4.;%"<%B75B%L"#7;7.4#%."//7;/-<;%7<%+&*I$%!4174;7"<:%7<%L"#7;7.4#%
L41;7.7L4;7"<% 4/ "<5%;B-:-%:".74#%.#4::-:%7<.#@8-%1-#757"@:%M4.;"1:(%[email protected];7"<%4<8%-."<"/7.%#-G-#(%.@#;@1-(%
4<8%;1@:;%4<8%1-."5<7;7"<%"M%;B-%5"G-1</-<;%P!4#-<.74%W47.-8"%-;%4#$(%+&+'\%?71704<(+&+'R$%
3"#7;7.4#% L41;7.7L4;7"<% B4:% 4#:"% 0--<% :;@87-8% 7<% 1-#4;7"<%;"% H"@;B% 5-<-14;7"<$% C7;4<"G4% P+&+&R%
-SL#47<:%;B-%M4.;"1:%4MM-.;7<5%H"@;B%L"#7;7.4#%L41;7.7L4;7"<%7<%;B-%9@1"L-4<%F<7"<%P9FR%@:7<5%84;4%:@1G-H%
7<%+Q%."@<;17-:%"M%9F$%YB-%Z7<87<5:%:@55-:;%;B4;%:".7"V8-/"514LB7.%M4.;"1:%41-%[email protected]#%;"%H"@;BT:%L"#7;7.4#%
L41;7.7L4;7"<(% KB7#-% ;B-% #-G-#% "M% L"#7;7.4#% L41;7.7L4;7"<% 7;:-#M% 8-L-<8:% "<% ;B-% ."<;-S;$% YB-% 1-:@#;:% "M%
1-51-::7"<% 4<4#H:7:% :B"K% ;B4;% 8-/".14;7.% /4;@17;H% 7<Z#@-<.-:% ;B-% L4;;-1<:% "M% L"#7;7.4#% L41;7.7L4;7"<%
4/"<5%H"@;B%7<%;B-%9F$%YB-%1-:@#;:%4#:"%:B"K-8%4%G4174;7"<%7<%H"@;B%L"#7;7.4#%L41;7.7L4;7"<\%7<%."@<;17-:%
;B4;%41-%-."<"/7.4## H%/"1-%:;40#-(%H"@;B%41-%/"1-%#7A-#H%;"%L41;7.7L4;-%Pd-7<:.B-<A%-;%4#$(%+&+*\%?4@8%-;%
4#$%+&+'R$%
c4841@% 4<8% O8@% P+&+*R%4#:"% :;@87-8% ;B-%LB-<"/-<"<% "M% #"K% L"#7;7.4#% L41;7.7L4;7"<% "M% H"@<5%
5-<-14;7"<%7<%L":;V4L41;B-78%?"@;B%OM17.4$%YB-%:;@8H%;""A%'e+%:4/L#-:%"M%@<7G-1:7;H%:;@8-<;:%;B1" @5B%4%
14<8"/V:4/L#7<5%;-.B<7N@-$%YB-%1-:@#;:%:B"K-8%4%B75B%#-G-#%"M%L"#7;7.4#%4K41-<-::%PII$fXR%4<8%4%B75B%
#-G-#%"M%A<"K#-85-%"M%;B-%7/L"1;4<.-%"M% L41#74/-<;%4<8% ;B-% <4;7"<4#%."<:;7;@;7"<%PII$*XR$%`"K-G-1(%
1-:L"<8-<;:T%L"#7;7.4#%L41;7.7L4;7"<%K4:%0-#"K%4G-145-%PfI$+XR$%YB-H%M"@<8%;B4;%L"#7;7.4#%L41;7.7L4;7"<%
7<%;B-%M"1/%"M%G";7<5%K4:%1-#4;7G-#H%#"K(%8-:L7;-%1-:L"<8-<;:T%B75B%L"#7;7.4#%4K41-<-::$%
O<";B-1% M4.;"1% ;B4;% K4:% 4#:"% :;@87-8% 7<% 1-#4;7"<% ;"% L"#7;7.4#% L41;7.7L4;7"<% K4:% :".74#% /-874$%
O#41N4<% P+&+&R% -S4/7<-8% ;B-% 1-#4;7"<:B7L% 0-;K--<% :".74#% /-874(% L"#7;7.4#% -MZ7.4.H(% 4<8% L"#7;7.4#%
L41;7.7L4;7"<% "M% O#Vc4H;% F<7G-1:7;H% :;@8-<;:% 7<% b"184<$% O#41N4<% @:-8% N@4<;7;4;7G-% /-;B"8:% 0H%
87:;170@;7<5%N@-:;7"<<471-:%;"%fI[%:;@8-<;:$%YB-%1-:@#;:%:B"K-8%4%L":7;7G-%."11-#4;7"<%0-;K--<%:".74#%
/-874(%L"#7;7.4#%-MZ7.4.H(%4<8%L"#7;7.4#%L41;7.7L4;7"<$%YB-%/"8-#%"0;47<-8%7:%;B4;%:".74#%/-874%B4:% L":7;7G-%
7/L#7.4;7"<:% ;"K418% L"#7;7.4#% -MZ7.4.H% 4<8% L"#7;7.4#% L41;7.7L4;7"<(% KB7#-% L"#7;7.4#% L41;7.7L4;7"<% B4:%
L":7;7G-%7/L#7.4;7"<:%;"K418%L"#7;7.4#%-MZ7.4.H%Pg7@%-;%4#$(%+&++\%O<4/4<%-;%4#$%+&+'\%?4@8%-;%4#$(%+&+'R$%%
a4<5(%-;%4#%P+&+&R%."<8@.;-8%4%:@1G-H% " M%'(Q*&%."##-5-%:;@8-<;:%7<%;B-%F?%4M;-1%;B-%+&*^%-#-.;7"<$%
YB-H% M"@<8% ;B4;% ;B-% @:-% "M% ]4.-0""A% B4:% 4% :#75B;#H% <-54;7G-% -MM-.;% "<% F?% ."##-5-% :;@8-<;:T% L"#7;7.4#%
L41;7.7L4;7"<(%0";B%"<#7<-%4<8%"MZ#7<-$%]4.-0""A%;@1<-8%"@;%;"%0-%L":7;7G-#H%."11-#4;-8%4:%4%L"#7;7.4#%;""#(%
<";%M "1%;B-%L@1L":-%"M%L"#7;7.4#%L41;7.7L4;7"<$%]4.-0""A%@:-8%0H%L"#7;7.4#%L41;7.7L4<;:_.4<8784;-:%7:%M41%
/"1-%7/L"1;4<;%4<8%L":7;7G-%;B4<%]4.-0""A%@:-8%M"1%L41;7.7L4;7<5%7<%L"#7;7.:%$%
h<%;B-%";B-1%B4<8(%i--%P+&+*R%4#:"%-S4/7<-8%;B-%1-#4;7"<:B7L%0-;K--<%;B-%@:-%"M%L"8.4:;:%4<8%
;B-%L"#7;7.4#%L41;7.7L4;7"<%"M%;B-71%@:-1:$%YB-%:;@8H%K4:%."<8@.;-8%@:7<5%4<%"<#7<-%:@1G-H%;"%e'f%<-K:%
L"8.4:;%@:-1:%7<%?"@;B%C"1-4$%i--%M"@<8%;B4;%;B-1-%K4:%<"%:75<7Z7.4<;%7<Z#@-<.-%0-;K --<%L"8.4:;%@:-1:%
4<8%<"<V@:-1:%K7;B%;B-71% L"#7;7.4#%L41;7.7L4;7"<$%`"K-G-1(%;B-%<-K:%"1%7::@-:%01"48.4:;%"<#7<-%K4:%4%
L":7;7G-%L1-87.;"1%"M%L41;7.7L4;7"<(%0";B%"<#7<-%4<8%"MZ#7<-$%i--%."<.#@8-8%;B4;%L"#7;7.4#%87:.@::7"<%B4:%4%
:75<7Z7.4<;%1"#-%7<%/"07#7U7<5%L"#7;7.4#%L41;7.7L4;7"<$%
h;B-1%;B4<%G417"@:%G41740#-:%4<8%1-:-41.B%:@0D-.;:%40"G-(%L"#7;7.4#%L41;7.7L4;7"<%7:%L41;7.@#41#H%
4<%7<;-1-:;7<5%"0D-.;%;"%0-%:;@87-8%"<%4%1-#757"@:%."//@<7;H$%YB7:%:;@8H%M".@:-8%"<%L"#7;7.4#%L41;7.7L4;7"<%
"M% C-<8@17% W7<;4% ."//@<7;H(% 4:% 4<% @104<% ?@Z7:/% ."//@<7;H% 7<% b4A41;4% .7;H$% !41740#-:% @:-8% 7<% ;B7:%
1-:-41.B% 41-% L"#7;7.4#% ."<.-1<\% L"#7;7.4#% /";7G4;7"<\% L"#7;7.4#% :7;@4;7"<% 4<8% -<G71"</-<;\% L"#7;7.4#%
[email protected];7"<\% 4<8% L"#7;7.4#% "17-<;4;7"<$% YB-1-% 7:% 4<% 7<;-1 -:;7<5% 4:L-.;% "M% ;B-% C-<8@17% W7<;4% ."//@<7;H%
KB7.B%7:%;B-71%<4;7"<4#7:/%4:%;B-%7/L#-/-<;4;7"<%"M%?@Z7:;7.%G4#@-:%;4@5B;%POA/4#7H4B(%+&*e\%)"G-<814(%
POA/4#7H4B(%+&*e\%)"G-<814%+&*QR$%C-<8@17%W7<;4%B4:%0-."/-%4%L#4.-%M"1%L-"L#-%7<%b4A41;4%;"%Z7##%;B-71%
:L717;@4#%-/L;7<-::%4<8%."<G-H%;B-71%4:L714;7"<:%4:%=<8"<-:74%.7;7U-<:$%
!=@C9=4@;?=4H,0?79=4H,?I,"?J;4H,"C9K;JC,4=<,1CDC49J5(%%
9A4%>4B4H@
1
(%)@1K4B787<
2
(%WB";70
3
%
!0""1,345-%.&'.
)-"V?@Z7:/%"1%."<;-/L"141H%?@Z7:/%B4:%8-G-#"L-8%4#"<5%K7;B%1-<-K4#%7<%=:#4/7.%K"1#8%P6@G78%
+&+&R$%YB4;%7<.#@8-:%:L717;@4#%1-G"#@;7"<\%;B-%A-H%;"%4.B7-G-%;1@-%B4LL7<-::\%;B-%4<:K-1%;"%;B-%L1"0#-/:%
"M%/"8-1<%:".7-;H\%;B-%:L717;@4#%/-87.7<-%"M%/7##-<<74#%:".7-;H\%4<8%0-."/-%4%;""#%M"1%#7G7<5%/"1-%4.;7G-%
4<8%"L;7/7:;7.%P`4<4Z7%+&*I\%F#@/%+&+&R$%)-"V?@Z7:/%4#:"%B4:%;B-71%.B414.;-17:;7.(%:@.B%4:%;B-%@<7;H%"M%
;B-%-S;-1<4#%PLBH:7.4#R%4<8%/-<;4#%P:L717;@4#R%-#-/-<;:\%."<.-1<%"M%dun ya\%7<;-514;7"<%K7;B%:".7-;H\%4<8%
<4;7"<4#7:/$%YB7:%.B414.;-17:;7.%.4<%0-%M"@<8%7<%;B-%C-<8@17%W7<;4%."//@<7;H$%
C-<8@17%W7<;4%."//@<7;H%7:%4K41-%"M%;B-%:7;@4:7"<%"M%;B-71%."@<;1H(%:"%;B-H%-SL1-::%;B-71%."<.-1<%
0H% B4G7<5% L"#7;7.4#% 87:.@::7"<% 4;%;B-71% /"<;B#H%M"1@/$% YB-71%."<.-1<% 7<.#@8-:%;B-% L1":L-17;H%4<8% #4K%
7<M"1.-/-<;%M"1%;B-H%0-#7-G-%7<%D@:;7.-%B4:%;"%0-%-<M"1.-8%0H%;B-%5"G-1</-<;%7<%"18-1%;"%L1";-.;%;B-71%
L-"L#-$% YB-H% 4#:"% :"/-B"K% 87:.@::% 40"@;% ;B-%7/L4.;% "M% 5"G-1</-<;%L"#7.7-:%;"K418%L-"L#-% 4<8% ;B-%
8-/".14;7.%:H:;-/%7<%=<8"<-:74$%YB-1-M"1-(%C-<8@17%W7<;4%7:%<";%/-1-#H%4%1-#757"@:%."//@<7;H(%0@;%4#:"%
4%:".74#%."//@<7;H%;B4;%."<.-1<%4<8%L41;7.7L4;-%7<%87:.@::7<5%;B-%M@;@1-%"M%;B-71%."@<;1H$%YB7:%@104<%
?@Z7:/%."//@<7;H%B4:%0-."/-%4%M"1@/%M"1%L-"L#-%7<%/-;1"L"#7;4<%.7;H%"M%b4A41;4%;"%147:-%;B-71%G"7.-%
1-54187<5%L"#7;7.4#%/4;;-1$%
C-<8@17%W7<;4%KB7.B%LB7#":"LB7.4##H%1-M-1:%;"%;B-%?@Z7:/%G7-K%"M%W4A%)@<(%B4:%0-."/-%4<%"4:7:%
7<%;B-%/78:;%"M%;B-%B@:;#-%4<8%0@:;#-%"M%#7M-%7<%;B-%.7;H%"M%b4A41;4$%C-<8@17%W7<;4%."//@<7;H%/-/0-1%4;;-<8%
;B-%/"<;B#H%M"1@/%4;%Y4/4<%=:/47#%641U@A7%;"%1-.B415-%;B-71%:L717;@4#%-<-15H%4M;-1%K"1A7<5%M"1%L@1:@7<5%
;B-71%<--8:%"M%dunya$%YB1"@5B%."<;-/L#4;7"<%4<8%87:.@::7"<%M4.7#7;4;-8%0H%;B-% :L-4A-1:(%;B-%C-<8@17%
W7<;4%M"1@/%.1-4;-:%4%:L4.-%M"1%;B-/%;"%5-;%4<%-<#75B;-</-<;%4<8%<-K%L-1:L-.;7G-:$%C-<8@17%W7<;4%4#:"%
M4.7#7;4;-:%L"#7;7.4#%87:.@::7"<:%4:%4%M"1/%"M%<4;7"<4#7:/%KB7.B%4#:"%4<%7/L#-/-<;4;7"<%"M%;B-71%?@Z7:/%
LB7#":"LBH$%
%
METHODS-
YB7:% :.7-<;7Z7.% 1-:-41.B% ."<8@.;-8% 4% :@1G-H% /-;B"8% 0H% 87:;170@;7<5% N@-:;7"<<471-:% @:7<5%
L@1L":7G-% :4/L#7<5,( KB7.B% 7:% 4% ;-.B<7N@-% K7;B% .-1;47<% ."<:78-14;7"<:% P?@57"<"% +&*QR$% >-:L"<8-<;:%
:-#-.;-8%41-%"G-1%*e%H-41V"#8%0-.4@:-%;B-H%5-;%;B-%175 B;%;"%G";-(%4:%"<-%"M%;B-%/":;%04:7.%M"1/:%"M%L"#7;7.4#%
L41;7.7L4;7"<$% YB-1-% 41-%8-/"514LB7.%84;4% :-.;7"<% 4<8% ee% :;4;-/-<;:% 7<% ;B-% N@-:;7"<<471-% ;B4;% B4G-%
0--<%;-:;-8%M"1%;B-%G4#787;H%4<8%1-#7407#7;H$%YB-%:;4;-/-<;%#7:;:%."<:7:;%I%:;4;-/-<;:%"M%L"#7;7.4#%."<.-1<\%
**%:;4;-/-<;:%"M%L"#7;7.4#%/";7G4;7"<\%e%:;4;-/-<;:%"M%L"#7;7.4#%:7;@4;7"<%4<8%-<G71"</-<;\%e%:;4;-/-<;:%
"M% L"#7;7.4#% /";7G4;7"<\% +[% :;4;-/-<;:% "M% L"#7;7.4#% "17-<;4;7"<\% 4<8% *Q% :;4;-/-<;:% "M% L"#7;7.4#%
L41;7.7L4;7"<$% >-:L"<8-<;:% K-1-% L1"G78-8% K7;B% M"@1% "L;7"<:% M"1% -4.B% :;4;-/-<;% ;"% 4G "78% <-@;14#%
4<:K-1:(%:"%7;%:B" K:%;B-%;-<8-<.H%"M%-4.B%G41740#-$%
YB-%N@-:;7"<<471-:%K-1-%87:;170@;-8%4;%;B-%b@<-%*[(%+&+'%-87;7"<%"M%;B-%C-<8@17%W7<;4%M"1@/%4;%
Y4/4<% =:/47#% 641U@A7(% W7A7<7(% 6-<;-<5(% W-<;14#% b4A41;4$% ]1"/% ^*[% N@-:;7"<<471-:% 87:;170@;-8% ;"%
1-:L"<8-<;:(%[&'%N@-:;7"<<471-:%K-1-%Z7#;-1-8%;"%/--;%;B-%.17;-174%M"1%84;4%7<L@;%4.."187<5%;"%;B-%."87<5%
G4#@-2%*%M"1%,7:451--\%+%M"1%?#75B;#H%,7:451--\%'%M"1%O51--\%4<8%f%M"1%?;1"<5#H%O51--$%YB-%."8-8%84;4%;B-<%
4<4#H:-8% @:7<5% ?3??% 4LL#7.4;7"<% G-1:7"<% +[$% >-:-41.B-1:% @:-% ;B-% 317<.7L4#% W"/L"<-<;% O<4#H:7:% ;"%
8-;-1/7<-%;B-%7<Z#@-<.-%"M%7<8-L-<8-<;%G41740#-:%"<%8-L-<8-<;%G41 740#-:(%0";B%L41;74##H%4<8%5#"04##H$%
%
RESULTS-
LCM?N94O5;J,>5494J@C9;D@;JD,?I,1CDO?=<C=@D,
!=@C9=4@;?=4H,0?79=4H,?I,"?J;4H,"C9K;JC,4=<,1CDC49J5,% B;;L:2__7D::1$178K4<7<:;7;@;-$."$78_%
!0""1,345-%.&'P
!
Q;N79C,+R,SC49,?I,A;9@5,
?"@1.-2%,4;4%?@1G-H%0H%;B-%O@;B"1%
=<% ;B-% 4<4#H:7:% "M% 1-:L"<8-<;:T% H-41% "M% 071;B(% 7;% :B"K:% ;B4;% ;B-% /4D"17;H% "M% ;B-% :4/L#-%
P'+*_^'$Q+XR% K-1-% ;B-% 5-<-14;7"<% 0"1<% 0-;K--<% *II[% ;"% +&*&% "1% ."//"<#H% .4##-8% E-<-14;7"<% j%
P=<;-1<-;% E-<-14;7"<R$% dB7#-% '&$f+X% P*['% L-"L#-R% 41-% 1-:L"<8-<;:% 0"1<% 0-;K--<% *IQ*% ;"% *IIf% "1%
.4##-8%E-<-14;7"<%a%P67##-<<74#%E-<-14;7"<R$%YB-%1-/47<7<5%[$'eX%P+e%L-"L#-R%41-%5-<-14;7"<%g%P0"1<%
*I^[% ;"% *IQ&R% 4<8% &$fX% P+% L-"L#-R% 41-% Baby( Boomers( P0"1<% *If^% ;"% *I^fR$% YB-% .#4::7Z7.4;7"<% "M%
5-<-14;7"<:%7:%04:-8%"<%;B-%YB-"1H%"M%E-<-14;7"<%0H%E14-/-%W"817<5;"<%4<8%?@-% E 14<;V641:B4##%P+&&fR$%
%
!
Q;N79C,$R,"CT,
?"@1.-2%,4;4%?@1G-H%0H%;B-%O@;B"1%
c4:-8%"<%:-S(%;B-%:4/L#-%"M%C-<8@17%W7<;4%."//@<7;H%7:%8"/7<4;-8%0 H%f+e%/4#-%1-:L"<8-<;:%
PQf$QIXR(%KB7#-%;B-%1-/47<7<5%*[$**X%Pe^%L-"L#-R%41-%M-/4#-%1-:L"<8-<;:$%h<-%"M%;B-%M4.;"1:%;B4;%57G-%
7/L4.;%;"%;B-%<@/0-1%"M%;B-%M-/4#-% /-/0-1%7:%;B-%;7/-%"M%;B-%874#"5@-%;B4;%B-#8%4;%<75B;%@<;7#%-41#H%
/"1<7<5$%YB7:%.4<%0-%4<%"0:;4.#-%M"1%;B-%M-/4#-%/-/0-1%;"%4;;-<8%;B-%M"1@/%8@-%;"%:4M-;H%4<8%."/M"1;$%
%
!
Q;N79C,.R,2@5=;J,U9?7O,
!=@C9=4@;?=4H,0?79=4H,?I,"?J;4H,"C9K;JC,4=<,1CDC49J5(%%
9A4%>4B4H@
1
(%)@1K4B787<
2
(%WB";70
3
%
!0""1,345-%.&'V
?"@1.-2%,4;4%?@1G-H%0H%;B-%O@;B"1%
>-:L"<8-<;:%K-1-%8"/7<4;-8%0H%'[I%b4G4<-:-%Pe*$'eXR$%YB-1-%41-%4#:"%";B-1%-;B<7.7;H%51"@L(%
:@.B%4:%?@<84<-:-%P[^_**$*'XR%4<8%c-;4K7%P[+_*&$'fXR$%dB7#-%;B-%1-/47<7<5%'^%L-"L#-%Pe$*^XR%.4/-%
M1"/%";B-1%-;B<7.%51"@L(%7<.#@87<5%648@14(%c4;4A(%4<8%67<4<5$%YB-%/4D"17;H%"M%b4G4<-:-%-;B<7.%51"@L%7:%
4%1-Z#-.;7"<%"M%;B-%/4D"17;H%"M%-;B<7.7;H%7<%=<8"<-:74$%=<%4887;7"<(%7;%7:%4#:"%8@-%;"%@104<7U4;7"<%M4.;"1:(%
KB-1-%1-:78-<;:%"M%G7##45-:% 4<8%:/4##%;"K<:% "<%;B-% 7:#4<8%"M%b4G4%/7514;-%;"%.7;H%"M%b4A41;4% ;"%L@1:@-%
B75B-1%-8@.4;7"<%4<8_"1%Z7<8%K"1A$%
%
!
Q;N79C,PR,0?A,"CJ@?9,
?"@1.-2%,4;4%?@1G-H%0H%;B-%O@;B"1%
YB-%1-:L"<8-<;:T%D"0%:-.;"1%7:%8"/7<4;-8%0H%*&*%1-:L"<8-<;:%K"1A%7<%:-1G7.-%:-.;"1%P+&$&QXR$%
YB-<%M"##"K-8%0H%;B-%;148-%:-.;"1%4<8%";B-1%:-.;"1%;B4;%K7;B%-N@4#%L-1.-<;45-%4;%*Q$fIX%PI'%L-"L#-R$%
YB7:% .#4::7Z7.4;7"<% "M% K"1A% 7:% ."<:78-1-8% #-::% -MM-.;7G-% ;"% 8-:.170-% ;B-% D"0% .B414.;-17:;7.% "M% ;B-%
1-:L"<8-<;:$%>-:L"<8-<;:%;-<8%;"%0-%B-:7;4<;%;"%.B"":-%;B-%175B;%:-.;"1%M"1%;B-71%#7<-%"M%K"1A(%:"%;B-1-%
41-%:"/-%1-:L"<8-<;:%KB"%K1";-%;B-71%D"0:%7<%;B-%kh;B-1k%"L;7"<$%
%
!
Q;N79C,VR,2<7J4@;?=,WCKCH,
?"@1.-2%,4;4%?@1G-H%0H%;B-%O@;B"1%
c4:-8%"<%;B-%[email protected];7"<%#-G-#(%*I%1-:L"<8-<;:%P'$eQXR%B4G-%04:7.%[email protected];7"<%#-G-#%P-#-/-<;41H%
4<8%D@<7"1%B75B%:.B""#_-N@7G4#-<;R$%dB7#-%ff$e'X%P++[ %L-"L#-R%B4G-%/788#-%[email protected];7"<%#-G-#%P:-<7"1%B75B%
:.B""#_-N@7G4#-<;R$%64D"17;H%"M%1-:L"<8-<;:(%KB7.B%7:%[*$fIX%P+[I%L-"L#-R%B4G-%B75 B-1%[email protected];7"<%#-G-#%
P,V=_,V==_,V===_,V=!(% ?*(% 4<8% ?+R$% >-:L"<8-<;:% K7;B% B75B-1% #-G-#% "M% [email protected];7"<% 41-% 8"/7<4;-8% 0H%
E-<-14;7"<%a% 4<8% E-<-14;7"<%j$% c";B%5-<-14;7"<:% ;-<8% ;"%0-% B75B#H%[email protected];-8$% h<-%L"::70#-% 1-4:"<%7:%
[email protected];7"<4#%1-M"1/%KB7.B%1-5@#4;-8%7<%;B-%M"##"K7<5%."<:;7;@;7"<(%UU(No.(20(Tahun(2003(tentang(Sistem(
Pendidikan(Nasional%4<8%PP(Nomor(47(Tahun(2008(tentang(Wajib(Belajar$%%
!=@C9=4@;?=4H,0?79=4H,?I,"?J;4H,"C9K;JC,4=<,1CDC49J5,% B;;L:2__7D::1$178K4<7<:;7;@;-$."$78_%
!0""1,345-%.&')
!
Q;N79C,)R,2J?=?M;J,WCKCH,
?"@1.-2%,4;4%?@1G-H%0H%;B-%O@;B"1%
YB-%/4D"17;H%"M%1-:L"<8-<;:(%[e$&^X%P+Qe%1-:L"<8-<;:R% -41<%4<%4G -145-%/"<;B#H%7<."/-%0-#"K%
/7<7/@/%K45-%"M%b4A41;4$%dB7#-%;B-%1-:;%"M%f+$IfX%P+*^%L-"L#-R%-41<%4<%4G-145-%/"<;B#H%7<."/-%40"G-%
/7<7/@/%K45-%"M%b4A41;4$% =<%+&+'(%/7<7/@/%K45-%"M%b4A41;4%7:% >L%f(I&*(eIQ(V$%YB7:%/-4<:%/":;%L-"L#-%
KB"%#7G-%7<%b4A41;4(%.4<T;%/--;%;B7-1%<--8:%L1"L-1#H$%
%
1CN9CDD;?=,E=4H6D;D,1CD7H@D,
G4AHC,+,
>?CII;J;C=@D,
G6OC,
X=D@4=<49<;YC<,
>?CII;J;C=@D,
"@4=<49<;YC<,
>?CII;J;C=@D,
@,
";NR,
F,
"@<R,299?9,
FC@4,
*%
PW"<:;4<;R%
'$'+I9V*e%
&(&''%
%
&(&&&%
*(&&&%
jlC3%
&(^+*%
&(&f+%
&(^+*%
*f(QQQ%
&(&&&%
jl63%
V&(*&+%
&(&f+%
V&(*&+%
V+(f'*%
&(&*[%
jl?i3%
V&(&^*%
&(&[*%
V&(&^*%
V*(+&'%
&(+'&%
jl3,3%
&(*&&%
&(&[&%
&(*&&%
+(&&^%
&(&f[%
jlh3%
&(+&*%
&(&[&%
&(+&*%
'(II'%
&(&&&%
4$%,-L-<8-<;%!41740#-2%jl33%
?"@1.-2%,4;4%?@1G-H%0H%;B-%O@;B"1%
]1"/%;B-%:75<7Z7.4<.-%."#@/<%P?75$R%"M%;B-%;40#-%40"G-%41-%:B"K<%M"@1%:75<7Z7.4<;%7<8-L-<8-<;%
G41740#-:%Pm%n%&$&[R(%KB7.B%41-%jlC3%P3"#7;7.4#%W"<.-1<R%&$&&&\%jl63%P3"#7;7.4#%6";7G4;7"<R%&$&*[\%jl3,3%
P3"#7;7.4#% [email protected];7"<R% &$&f[\% 4<8% jlh3% P3"#7;7.4#% h17-<;4;7"<R% &$&&&$% YB-1-% 7:% "<-% 7<:75<7Z7.4<;%
7<8-L-<8-<;%G41740#-(%KB7.B%7:%;B-%jl?i3%P3"#7;7.4#%?7;@4;7"<%4<8%9<G71"</-<;R%&$+'&%Pm%o%&$&[R$%
YB-%1-51-::7"<%."-MZ7.7-<;%7<%."#@/<%c%:B"K:%;B4;%;B1--%"M%;B-%:75<7Z7.4<;%7<8-L-<8-<;%G41740#-:%
41-%L":7;7G-(%jlC3%P3"#7;7.4#%W"<.-1<R(%jl3 ,3%P3"#7;7.4#%[email protected];7"<R(%4<8%jlh3%P3"#7;7.4#%h17-<;4;7"<R$%YB7:%
/-4<:%;B4;%;B-%B75B-1%;B-71%L"#7;7.4#%."<.-1<(%L"#7;7.4#%/";7G4;7"<(%4<8%L"#7;7.4#%"17-<;4;7"<(%;B-%B75B-1%
;B-71% L"#7;7.4#% L41;7.7L4;7"<$% `"K-G-1(% ;B-% 1-51-::7"<% ."-MZ7.7-<;% "M% jl63% P3"#7;7.4#% 6";7G4;7"<R% 7:%
<-54;7G -$%=;%/-4<:%;B4;%;B-%B75 B-1%;B-71%L"#7;7.4#%/";7G4;7"<(%;B-%#"K-1%;B-71%L"#7;7.4#%L41;7.7L4;7"<$%]1"/%
;B-%/"8-#%40"G-(%;B-%1-51-::7"<%-N@4;7"<%.4<%0-%M"1/-8%4:%M"##"K:2%
ZZ,
[,
F
0
,\,F
1
R,]^BZ,\,F
2
R,]^_Z,\,F
3
R]^"WZ,\,F
4
R,]^ZLZ,\,F
5
R,]^`Z,
,
[,
.8.$*R+&(+', \, &R)$+R]^BZ, \, a(&R+&$R]^_Zb, \, a(&R&)+R]^"WZb, \,
&R+&&R]^ZLZ,\,&R$&+R]^`Z,
33%
2%
3"#7;7.4#%341;7.7L4;7"<%
c
0
%
2%
W"<:;4<;%
!=@C9=4@;?=4H,0?79=4H,?I,"?J;4H,"C9K;JC,4=<,1CDC49J5(%%
9A4%>4B4H@
1
(%)@1K4B787<
2
(%WB";70
3
%
!0""1,345-%.&''
%
%
%
%
%
G4AHC,$,
_?<CH,"7MM496,
G6OC,
1,
1,"c749C,
E<d7D@C<,1,"c749C,
"@<R,299?9,?I,@5C,2D@;M4@C,
*%
$^Qf4%
&(f^Q%
&(f^'%
&(e'+e+%
4$%31-87.;"1:2%PW"<:;4<;R(%jlh3(%jlC3(%jl63(%jl3,3(%jl?i3%
?"@1.-2%,4;4%?@1G-H%0H%;B-%O@;B"1%
=<%;B-%/"8-#%40"G-(%;B-%G4#@-%"M%>
2%=%
f^$QX%P&$f^QR%KB7.B%/-4<:%;B4;%4##%7<8-L-<8-<;%G41740#-:%
PL"#7;7.4#% ."<.-1<(% L"#7;7.4#% /";7G4;7"<(% L"#7;7.4#% :7;@4;7"<% 4<8% -<G71"</-<;(% L"#7;7.4#% [email protected];7"<(% 4<8%
L"#7;7.4#%"17-<;4;7"<R%:7/@#;4<-"@:#H%40#-%;"%-SL#47<% ;B-%G4174;7"<% "M% L"#7;7.4#%L41;7.7L4;7"<%0H%f^$QX$%
6-4<KB7#-(%4<";B-1%['$+X%.4<%0-%-SL#47<-8%0H%";B-1%G41740#-:%"@;:78-%;B-%/"8-#$%%
%
G4AHC,.,
E#`eE,
G6OC,
"7M,?I,"c749CD,
LI,
_C4=,"c749C,
Q,
";NR,
*%
>-51-::7"<%
+'[(*e&%
[%
fe(&'f%
Qe(^&^%
$&&&0%
>-:78@4#:%
+^^(Q'&%
fIe%
&(['e%
%%
%%
Y";4#%
[&+(&&&%
[&+%
%%
%%
%%
4$%,-L-<8-<;%!41740#-2%jl33%
0$%31-87.;"1:2%PW"<:;4<;R(%jlh3(%jlC3(%jl63(%jl3,3(%jl?i3%
?"@1.-2%,4;4%?@1G-H%0H%;B-%O@;B"1%
=<%;B-%5#"04#%;-:;%;40#-%40"G-(%4%:75<7Z7.4<.-%G4#@-%"M%&$&&&%Pmn&$&[R%/-4<:%;B4;%4##%7<8-L-<8-<;%
G41740#-:%;"5-;B-1% 41-%:75<7Z7.4<;%;"% ;B-%#-G-#%"M% L"#7;7.4#%L41;7.7L4;7"<$% d7;B%4% .4#.@#4;-8%]%G4#@-% "M%Qe$^&^%
KB7.B%7:%B75B-1%;B4<%;B-%;40#-%]%G4#@-%P+$+'R%/-4<:%;B4;%4##%7<8-L-<8-<;%G41740#-:%PL"#7;7.4#%."<.-1<(%
L"#7;7.4#%/";7G4;7"<(%L"#7;7.4#%:7;@4;7"<%4<8%-<G71"</-<;(%L"#7;7.4#%[email protected];7"<(%4<8%L"#7;7.4#%"17-<;4;7"<R%
:7/@#;4<-"@:#H%4MM-.;%;B-%8-L-<8-<;%G41740#-%PL"#7;7.4#%L41;7.7L4;7"<R$%
%
CONCLUSION-
YB7:% 1-:-41.B% :B"K:% ;B4;% ;B-% C-<8@17% W7<;4% ."//@<7;H(% 8-/"514LB7.4##H% 41-% 8"/7<4;-8% 0H%
E-<-14;7"<%j(% /-<(% b4G4<-:-(%B75B#H%[email protected];-8(% 4<8% B4G-%4% /"<;B#H%7<."/-% 0-#"K% b4A41;4T:% /7<7/@/%
K45-$%>-51-::7"<%4<4#H:7:%:B"K:%;B4;%4##%"M%7<8-L-<8-<;%G41740#-%B4G-%:75<7Z7.4<;%7/L4.;%"<%;B-%L"#7;7.4#%
L41;7.7L4;7"<%"M%;B-%C-<8@17%W7<;4%."//@<7;H(%KB7.B%-SL#47<%;B-%G4174;7"<%0H%f^$QX$% =<%;B-%L41;74#%;-:;(%
;B-1-% 41-% M"@1% "@;% "M% Z7G-% 7<8-L-<8-<;% G41740#-:% KB7.B% 41-% :75<7Z7.4<;% PL"#7;7.4#% ."<.-1<(% L"#7;7.4#%
/";7G4;7"<(%L"#7;7.4#%[email protected];7"<(%4<8%L"#7;7.4#%"17-<;4;7"<R$%9G-<%;B"@5B%;B-%L"#7;7.4#%/";7G4;7"<%G41740#-%
7:% :75<7Z7.4<;(% ;B-% 1-51-::7"<% ."-MZ7.7-<;% 7:% <-54;7G-(% KB7.B% 7<87.4;-:% ;B4;% ;B-% B75B-1% ;B-71% L"#7;7.4#%
/";7G4;7"<(%;B-%#"K-1%;B-71%L"#7;7.4#%L41;7.7L4;7"<$%YB7:%."<.#@:7"<%L1" G78-:%4%."/L1-B-<:7G-%L7.;@1-%"M%
;B-% 8-/"514LB7.% .B414.;-17:;7.% "M% ;B-% C-<8@17% W7<;4% ."//@<7;H% 4<8% ;B-% M4.;"1:% KB7.B% 4MM-.;% ;B-71%
L"#7;7.4#%L41;7.7L4;7"<%#-G-#$%
,
,
c
1
(%c
2
(%c
3
(%c
4
(%c
5
%
2%
>-51-::7"<%."-MZ7.7-<;%
jlC3%
2%
3"#7;7.4#%W"<.-1<%
jl63%
2%
3"#7;7.4#%6";7G4;7"<%
jl?i3%
2%
3"#7;7.4#%?7;@4;7"<%4<8%9<G71"</-<;%
jl3,3%
2%
3"#7;7.4#%98@.4;7"<%
jlh3%
2%
3"#7;7.4#%"17-<;4;7"<%
!=@C9=4@;?=4H,0?79=4H,?I,"?J;4H,"C9K;JC,4=<,1CDC49J5,% B;;L:2__7D::1$178K4<7<:;7;@;-$."$78_%
!0""1,345-%.&'%
REFERENCES-
O84/%Oh(%6@;@17%d(%?4/4<;41%6?$%+&*Q$%]4.;"1:%7<Z#@-<.7<5%K"/-<%L41;7.7L4;7"<%7<%#".4#%."@<.7#:%7<%
3@<;#4<8% ?;4;-% "M% ?"/4#742% O% .4:-% "M% E4#A4.H"%,7:;17.;$% International(Journal( of( Contemporary(
Applied(Researches$%[PQR2^^pQ[$!
OA/4#7H4B% )$% +&*e$% ,4/L4A% OD414<% ?L717;@4#% 9/B4% O7<@<% )4D70% ,4#4/% b4/44B% 647H4B$% Skripsi,( UIN(
Sunan(Ampel,(Surabaya$%
O#41N4<%O$%+&+&$%=/L4.;%"M%:".74#%/-874%4<8%L"#7;7.4#%L41;7.7L4;7"<%"<%L"#7;7.4#%-MZ7.4.H%"M%L"#7;7.4#%:.7-<.-%
:;@8-<;:% "M% O#% 4#Vc4H;% F<7G-1:7;H$% International( Journal( of( Innovation,( Creativity( and( Change$%
*fPQR2+I[p'&e$%
O#/"<8%EO(%!-104%?$%+&*[$%The(civic(culture:(Political(attitudes(and(democracy(in(1ive(nations$%317<.-;"<%
@<7G-1:7;H%L1-::$%
O<4/4<%E(%O##"1%3(%C@MM@"1%h$%+&+'$%=<;-1<4;7"<4#%1-/7;;4<.-:%4<8%L"#7;7.4#%L41;7.7L4;7"<%7<%EB4<4$%Sci(
Afr$%++$8"72*&$*&*^_b$?W=O]$+&+'$9&*If*$%%
c4841@% CO(% O8@% 9h$%+&+*$% YB-% 3"#7;7.4#% OK 41-<-::%4<8% 341;7.7L4;7"<% "M% F<7G-1:7;H% ?;@8-<;:% 7<% 3":;V
OL41;B-78% ?"@;B% OM17.4$% Research( in( Social( Sciences( and( T echnology$% ^P'R2*p
+f$8"72*&$f^'&'_1-::4;$+&+*$++$%
,7<-:-<% 3Y(% O<8-1:-<% >]$% +&++$% YB-% P>-R:".74#7U4;7"<% "M% L41;7.7L4;"1H% L"#7;7.4#% .@#;@1-2% =//7514<;:q%
L"#7;7.4#% L41;7.7L4;7"<% 0-;K--<% ;B-71% ."<;-/L"141H% ."@<;1H% 4<8% ;B-71% 4<.-:;14#% ."@<;1H$% Polit(
Geogr$%IQ$8"72*&$*&*^_b$3hiE9h$+&++$*&+^[&$%%
]7<#4H% >(% `"LA7<:% 3$% +&*I$% a"@<5% 6@:#7/% K"/-<q:% L"#7;7.4#% L41;7.7L4;7"<% 7<% ?.";#4<82% 9SL#"17<5% ;B-%
7<;-1:-.;7"<:% "M% 5-<8-1(% 1-#757"<(% .#4::% 4<8% L#4.-$% Polit( Geogr$%
ef2*&+&f^$8"72*&$*&*^_b$3hiE9h$+&*I$*&+&f^$%%
`4<4Z7%O$%+&*I$%3-/7A714<%Y4:4K@M%6-<@1@;%9/B4%O7<@<%)48D70%$%
b@#74<4% >(% b@#74<7% >(% )@1AB4#7:% )$% +&+*$% YB-% ,-G-#"L/-<;% "M% ;B-% W"<:;7;@-<;% ?".74#% W#4::% 4:% 3"#7;7.4#%
341;7.7L4;7"<% 7<% c4<84% O.-B% 4<8% 6-@#40"B$% Community:( Pengawas( Dinamika( Sosial$% eP*R2*[p
+[$8"72*&$'['&Q_D.L8:$Ge7*$'^+[$%
C7;4<"G4%6$%+&+&$%a"@;B%L"#7;7.4#%L41;7.7L4;7"<%7<%;B-%9F2%-G78-<.-%M1"/%4%.1"::V<4;7"<4#%4<4#H:7:$%J(Youth(
Stud$%+'PeR2Q*IpQ'^$8"72*&$*&Q&_*'^e^+^*$+&*I$*^'^I[*$%
i--%W$%+&+*$%)-K:%L"8.4:;%@:45-%7<%L1"/";7<5%L"#7;7.4#%L41;7.7L4;7"<%7<%C"1-4$%Athens(Journal(of(Mass(
Media(and(Communications$%eP+R2*&ep*+&$%
6.W"##@/%9Y$%+&+*$%W@#;7G4;-8%341;7.7L4;7"<2%i""A7<5%W#":-1%4;% ;B-%>-#4;7"<:B7L% c-;K--<%[email protected];7"<%4<8%
341;7.7L4;7"<%*$%,7%84#4/2%Sociological(Forum$%!"#$%'^$%d7#-H%h<#7<-%i70141H$%B#/$%*&fIp*&e&$%
6@G78%6c$%+&+&$%Tasawuf(Kontemporer$%O/U4B$%
)"G-<81 4% 6!$% +&*Q$% C"<:-L% 9;7A4% ?@Z7:;7A% ,4#4/% 3-1:L-A;7M% 9/B4% O7<@<% )48D70$% Skripsi:( UIN( Sunan(
Ampel(Surabaya$%
34@#%)(%,-`41;%bi$%+&+&$%?".74#%6-874%F:-(%3"#7;7.4#%341;7.7L4;7"<(%4<8%W7G7.%9<545-/-<;%7<%9#-.;7"<%+&*^$%
The(Journal(of(Social(Media(in(Society$%IP+R2+e[p'&[$%
314;4/4%>C$%+&+&$%W4A%)@<(%647H4B(%4<8%]4<8"/2%341;7.7L4;"1H%W@#;@1-%3-1:L-.;7G-$%Journal(of(Advanced(
Research(in(Social(Sciences$%'PfR2++p'&$8"72*&$''f++_D41::$G'7f$['+$%
?4--8%6(%F##4B%6(%O#4/%`$%+&*I$%d"/-<q:%L-1.-L;7"<:%"M%M4.;"1:%04117<5%;B-71%L"#7;7.4#%L41;7.7L4;7"<%7<%
CBH0-1%34AB;@<ABK42%O%.4:-%:;@8H%"M%87:;17.;%,71%FLL-1$%Pakistan(Journal(of(Women’s(Studies=(
Alam-e-Niswan=(Alam-i(Nisvan$%+^P*R2e'pIf$%
?4@8%6(%=84%>(%64:B@8%6(%a"@:4M%])(%O:BM4N%O$%+&+'$%W@#;@14#%8H<4/7.:%"M%8757;4#%:L4.-2%, -/ " .14.H(%.7G7.%
-<545-/-<;% 4<8% H"@;B% L41;7.7L4;7"<% 7<% G71;@4#% :LB-1-:$% International( Journal( of( Intercultural(
Relations$%Ie$8"72*&$*&*^_b$=b=)Y>9i$+&+'$*&*I&f$%%
?71704<%W=?$%+&+'%,-:%*$%C7<:B7L%;7-:%4<8%M-/4#-%L"#7;7.4#%L41;7.7L4;7"<2%YB-%.4:-%"M%3B7#7LL7<-%/4H"1:$%
Eur(J(Polit(Econ$$8"72*&$*&*^_b$9b3hi9Wh$+&+'$*&+f*I$%%
?@57"<"$%+&*Q$%6-;"8-%3-<-#7;74<%C@4<;7;4;7M$%
!=@C9=4@;?=4H,0?79=4H,?I,"?J;4H,"C9K;JC,4=<,1CDC49J5(%%
9A4%>4B4H@
1
(%)@1K4B787<
2
(%WB";70
3
%
!0""1,345-%.&'*
F#@/%6$%+&+&$%3-<8-A4;4<%?;@87%=:#4/2%?-D414B%OK4#%3-1A-<4#4<%=:#4/%8-<54<%Y4:4K@M$%Al-Mada:(Jurnal(
Agama,(Sosial,(Dan(Budaya$%'P+R2+&'p+*e$%
!4#-<.74% W47.-8"% ](% ,"B/-<% Y (% 3"<8"1M-1% O$% +&+'$% >-#757"<% 4<8% .""L-14;7"<% 4.1"::%;B-% 5#"0-$% J( Econ(
Behav(Organ$%+*[2feIpfQI$8"72*&$*&*^_b$b9ch$+&+'$&I$&+[$%%
d-7<:.B-<A%OW(% ,4K-:%WY (% h:A41::"<%?(%C#-//-<:-<%>(%)r154418%O?$%+&+*$%YB-%1-#4;7"<:B7L%0-;K--<%
L"#7;7.4#%4;;7;@8-:% 4<8%L"#7;7.4#% L41;7.7L4;7"<2% 9G78-<.-%M1"/%/"<"UH5";7.%;K7<:%7<% ;B-%F<7;-8%
?;4;-:(%?K-8-<(%E-1/4<H(%4<8%,-</41A$%Elect(Stud$%^I$8"72*&$*&*^_b$9i9WY?YF,$+&+&$*&++^I$%%
g7@% j(% i7@% >(% a7<% b$% +&++$% W"<[email protected]<% /-1.B4<;:%.@#;@1-(% :".74#% /"G-/-<;%4<8% -<;1-L1-<-@1:q%L"#7;7.4#%
L41;7.7L4;7"<2% -G78-<.-% M1"/% WB7<4$% International( Review( of( Economics( and( Finance$% Q&2eI[p
Q+*$8"72*&$*&*^_b$=>9]$+&++$&'$&&f$%%
a4<7%6Y (%64BM@8%W(%>4<554%?4q487##4B%?O3(%c@:;4/7%6>(%64:A@17(%Y4@Z7N%O$%+&++$%O8G4<.7<5%;B-%87:."@1:-%
"M% 6@:#7/% L"#7;7.:% 7<% =<8"<-:742% O% :;@8H% "<% L"#7;7.4#% "17-<;4;7"<% "M% C747% 4:% 1-#757"@:% -#7;-:% 7<%
)4B8#4;@#%F#4/4$%Heliyon$%QP*+R2-*++*Q$8"72*&$*&*^_b$`9i=ah)$+&++$9*++*Q$%%
>?O69;N5@,5?H<C9f,
9A4%>4B4H@(%)@1K4B787<(%WB";70%P+&+'R,
,
Q;9D@,O7AH;J4@;?=,9;N5@Df,
=<;-1<4;7"<4#%b"@1<4#%"M%?".74#%?-1G7.-%4<8%>-:-41.B%P=b??>R%
,
G5;D,49@;JHC,;D,H;JC=DC<,7=<C9f,
,
,
%
