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Fecky,Evendy,Singal

Catholic%Religious%Education%and%Teaching,%Sekolah%Tinggi%Pastoal%Don%Bosco%Tomohon,%Indonesia%

Email:%[email protected]

Keywords$

ABSTRACT,

Word%of%Worship,%Pastoral%Waiter,%

Incarceration,

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INTRODUCTION)

Laity%in%the%context%of%the%Catholic%Church%can%be%defined%as%all%people%of% Christian%faith%who%do%

not%belong%to%the%group%that%receives%holy%orders%and%monastic%status%recognized%in%the%Church%(cf.%LG%

31)%(Lazega%&%Wattebled,%2011;%Pangemanan,%2022).%This%lay%definition%has%two%aspects,%namely%the%

theological%definition%and%the%typological%definition.%Theologically,%Laity%includes%unordained%members%

of%the%Church,%including%Monks/Nuns%such%as%Sisters%and%Brothers%who%do%not%receive%holy%ordination%

(Benagiano%&%Mori,%2007).%Typologically,% laity%are%unordained%members%of%the%Church%and%are%also%not%

monks/nuns,%so%they%do%not%include%sisters%and%brothers.%This%definition%is%taken%from%Lumen%Gentium,%

which%uses%a%typological%definition,%and%the%term%"layman"%is%then%used%according%to%that%typological%

definition%(Meyer%dkk.,%2022;%Samson,%2020).%

The% relationship% between% laity% and% hierarchy% in% the% Church% is% defined% as% a% relationship% of%

working%partners%in%accordance%with%the%teachings%of%the% Second%Vatican%Council.%The%clergy%(hierarchy)%

and%laity% have%equal% dignity,%although% their%functions% are% different%(Béraud,% 2008;%Cairoli,% 2020).% All%

Inrernational,Journal,of,Social,Service,and,Research,%%

Fecky%Evendy%Singal%

IJSSR,Page%3081

functions%are%considered%equally%sublime,%provided%the y%are%performed%with%good%motivation,%for%the%

sake%of%the%Kingdom%of%God%(Małecki,%2023).%

The% role% of% the% Laity% is% often% termed% as% the% Lay% Apostleship,% with% duties% differentiated% into%

internal%and%external%Apostleship.%Internal%apostolate,%or%apostolate%"within%the%Church,"%is%an%attempt%

to%build%congregations,%which%are%mostly%played%by%hierarchical%ranks%although%Laity%are%also%required%

to%participate.%The%external%apostolate,%or%Apostles%"in%the%world%order,"%is%played%more%by%the%Laity,%but%

the%realization%that%apostolate%in%the%Church%also%affects%the%world%(Arboix-Alió,%2023).%

The% Laity% were% given% the% right% to% receive% abundantly% the% spiritual% treasures% of% the% Church%

through% the% hierarchical% ministering% of% the% Shepherds,% primarily% through% the% word% of% God% and% the%

sacraments.%They%are%also%given%the%opportunity%and%obligation%to%express%their%views%on%the%welfare%of%

the%Church.%As%part%of%the%Church%community,%they%are%encouraged%to%follow%Christ's%example,%be%willing%

to%accept%the%hierarchical%Shepherd's%instructions,%and%pray%for%their%leaders%(Firman%&%Lawang,%2016;%

Pranyoto,%2018).%

The% apostolate% in% the% world% order% by% the% Laity% is% defined% as% their% peculiar% field% of% devotion,%

focusing%on%evangelism,%sanctification%of%man,%and%bearing%witness%to%Christ's%work%in%worldly%activities.%

The%Church,%defined%as%"Sign%and%Means%of%World%Salvation,"%recognizes% the%autonomy%of%the%world%and%

its%secular%nature,%opening%dialogue%and%active%involvement%of%the%Laity%in%worldly%tasks%(Paulus%II%&%

Iesus,%1992;%Yohanes%Paulus,%1992).%

Furthermore,%in%the%apostolic%context%in%the%(internal)%Church,%the%task%of%building%the%church%is%

entrusted%to%the%hierarchical%class,%but%the%Laity%are%also%required%to%take%part%in%it.%Laity%play%a%role%in%

the%duties%of%prophetess%(preachers%of%the%word),%Imamiah%(sanctifying),%and%Royal%(commanding),%with%

specific%duties%that%can%be%carried%out%according%to%their%expertise%and%calling.%The%focus%of%community%

service%activities%is%to%improve%the%understanding%and%skills%of%lay%pastoral%ministers%in%preparing%and%

leading%word%worship%or%word%celebrations%(Hong%dkk.,%2023;%Zhang%dkk.,%2015).%

Through% fraternal% association% between% Laity% and% hierarchical% Shepherds,% it% is% hoped% that%

benefits%will%be%created%for%the%Church.%Thus,%the%responsible%consciousness%and%spirit%of%the%Laity%are%

strengthened,%while%their%energies%are%more%easily%combined%with%the%work%of%the%Shepherds.%Instead,%

Pastors%are%invited%to%recognize%and%promote%the%dignity%and%responsibility%of%the%Laity%in%the%Church.%

From%this% it%can%be%hoped%that%better%cooperation%can%be%achieved%to%fulfill%the%mission%of%the%Church%for%

the%life%of%the%world.%

METHODS)

This% literature% review% takes% a% systematic% approach% to% exploring% the% concept% of% Laity% in% the%

context%of%the%Catholic%Church.%By%identifying%primary%sources,%such%as%the%documents%of%the%Second%

Vatican% Council% and% Lumen% Gentium,% and% establishing% criteria% for% inclusion,% relevant% literature% on%

theological%and%typological%definitions,%relationships%to%the%Hierarchy,%roles%in%the%Church,%rights%and%

duties,%and% lay%apostolate%can%be%found.%Literature%analysis%highlights%the%difference%between%theological%

and%typological%aspects%in%the%definition%of%the%Laity,%viewing%their%role%as%a%Laity%Apostolic%in%both%the%

internal%and%external%contexts%of%the%Church.%In%addition,%the%literature%explores%the%Laity's%right%to%the%

spiritual%treasures%of%the%Church,%their%involvement%in%expressing%views%on%the%welfare%of%the%Church,%as%

well%as%their%devotion%to%the%world%order% with%a%focus%on%evangelism,%human%sanctification,%and%witness%

to%the%work%of%Christ.%In%a%synthesis%of%findings,%this%review%literature%presents%a%holistic%picture%of%the%

roles%and%responsibilities%of%the%Laity,%highlights%their%relationship%with%Shepherds,%and%evaluates%its%

potential%implications%for%the%mission%of%the%Church.%The%conclusion%of%this%literature%review%provides%a%

solid%foundation%for%an%in-depth%understanding%of%the%concept%of%Laity%in%the%Catholic%Church%as%well%as%

providing%direction%for%further%Church%research%and%practice.%

Inrernational,Journal,of,Social,Service,and,Research,% https://ijssr.ridwaninstitute.co.id/%

IJSSR,Page%3082

RESULTS)

By%laity%we%mean%all%people%of%Christian%faith%who%do%not%belong% to%those%who%receive%holy%orders%

and%recognized%monastic%status%in%the%Church%(cf.%LG%31).%The%lay%deinition%in%practice%and%in%Church%

documents%turns%out%to%have%two%kinds:%

1. Theological% deinition:% Laity% are% unordained% citizens% of% the% Church.% Thus,% Laity% includes%

Monks/Nuns%such%as%Sisters%and%Brothers%who%do%not%receive%holy%orders.%

2. Typological%deinition:%Laity%are%unordained%members%of%the%Church%nor%are%monks/nuns.%Therefore%

the%Laity%does%not%include%the%Sisters%and%Brothers%

3. This%deinition%is%quoted%from%Lumen%Gentium%which%apparently%uses%a%typological%deinition.%And%

henceforth%the%term%"Layman"%used%is%in%accordance%with%the%typological%understanding%above.%

Public,Relations,and,Hierarchies,as,Work,Partners,

In%accordance%with%the%teachings%of%the%Second%Vatican%Council,%clergy%(hierarchies)%and%laity%have%the%

same%dignity,%only%different%functions.%All%functions%are%equally%sublime,%as%long%as%they%are%carried%out%

with%good%motivation,%for%the%sake%of%the%Kingdom%of%God.%

Public,Role,

The%role%of%the%Laity%is%often%termed%as%the%Lay%Apostleship%whose%duties%are%distinguished%as%

internal%and%external%Apostleship.%Internal%apostolate%or%apostolate%"within%the%Church"%is%the%apostolate%

of% building% up% congregations.% This% apostolate% is% more% of% a% hierarchical% rank,% although% the% Laity% are%

required%to% also% take%part% in% it.% The% external% apostolate% or% Apostleship% "in% the%world% order"% is% more%

played%by%the%Laity.%But%it%must%be%realized%that%the%Apostles%in%the%Church%also%boil%down%to%the%world.%

The%Church%is%not%present%in%this%world%for%herself,%but%for%the%world.%The%Church%exists%to%build%the%

Kingdom%of%God%in%this%world%

Hearken,to,Church,Doctrine,

%"From% the% spiritual% wealth% of% the% Church% the% Laity,% like% all% people%of% the% Christian% faith,% are%

entitled%to%receive%abundantly%through%the%ministry%of%hierarchical%Shepherds,%especially%the%help%of%the%

word% of% God% and% the% sacraments.% Let% the% Laity% express% their% needs% and% desires% to% the% Priests,% with%

freedom%and%belief,%as%befits%the%children%of%God%and%the%brethren%in%Christ.%It%is%only%their%knowledge,%

competence%and %capacity%that%the%Laity%have%the%opportunity,%sometimes%even%the%obligation,%to%express%

their%views%on%matters%concerning%the%welfare%of%the%Church.%When%that%happens,%let%it%be%carried%out%

through%the%institutions%established%by%the%church%for%it,%and%always%honestly,%firmly%and%wisely,%with%

respect%and%love%towards%those,%who%by%sacred%duty%act%in%the%name%of%Christ.%

Let% the% Laity,% like% all% people% of% the% Christian% faith,% follow% the% example% of% Christ,% who% by% his%

obedience%unto%death,%opened%a%happy%way%for%all,%the%way%of%freedom%of%God's%children.%Let%them%with%

Christian%obedience%be%willing%to%accept%what%the%hierarchical%Shepherds%ordained%insofar%as%presenting%

Christ,%as%teacher%and%leader%in%the%Church.%And%let%them%not%forget%to%pray%in%the%presence%of%God%their%

leaders,%for%they%watch%because%they%will%give%an%account%of%our%souls,%that%they%may%exercise%gladly%

without%complaint%(cf.%Hebrews%13:1).%

Instead,%hierarchical%Pastors%should%recognize%and%promote%the%dignity%and%responsibility%of%the%

Laity%in%the%Church.%And%let%them%be%given%liberty%and%freedom%to%act;%In%fact,%they%deserve%to%be%given%

heart,%to%spontaneously%start%activities%as%well.%Let%the%Shepherds%with%fatherly%love,%attentive%in%Christ,%

consider%the% initiatives,% proposals% and% desires% put% forward% by% the% Laity.% Let% the% Shepherds% carefully%

recognize%the%proper%freedom%that%exists%in%all%citizens%of%the%worldly%community.%

From% the% fraternal% association% between% the% Laity% and% the% Shepherds% can% be% expected% many%

benefits%for%the% Church.% Thus%the%laity% are% strengthened%responsible%awareness% and% increased%spirit.%

Moreover,%the%labor%of%the%Laity%is%more%easily%combined%with%the%work%of%the%Shepherds.%Rather,%aided%

by%the%experience%of%the%Laity,%the%Shepherds%were%able%to%make%clearer%and%more%accurate%affirmations%

in%spiritual%and%temporal%matters.%Thus%the%whole%Church,%confirmed%by%all%its%members,%will%perform%

more%precisely%its%mission%for%the%life%of%the%world.%(Lumen%Gentium%article%37)%

Apostleship,in,the,World,Order,(external),

Inrernational,Journal,of,Social,Service,and,Research,%%

Fecky%Evendy%Singal%

IJSSR,Page%3083

Based%on%his%special%calling,%the%Laity%is%tasked%with%seeking%the%Kingdom%of%God%by%working%on%

worldly%things%and%arranging%them%according%to%God's%will.%They%live%in%the%world,%that%is,%in%all%and%every%

office%and%activity%of%the% world.%They%are%called%by%God%to%perform%their%special%duties%and%are%guided%by%

the%spirit%of%the%gospel.%They%can%sanctify%the%world%from%within%like%leaven%(cf.%LG%31).%The%Laity%can%

exercise%their%Apostleship%by%evangelizing%and%sanctifying%human%activities%and%permeate%and%solidify%

the%spirit%of%the%Gospel%into%the%"world%order"%in%such%a%way%that%their%activities%truly%bear%witness%to%the%

work%of%Christ%and%serve%the%salvation%of%man.%In%other%words,%the%"world%order"%is%the%typical%field%of%

service% of% the% Laity.% The% lives% of% families% and% communities% struggling% in% the% fields% of%

ipoleksosbudhamkamnas%should%be%their%field%of%devotion.%

Today,%many%of%us%see%the%Apostleship%in%the%world%order%not%as%an%Apostolic%activity.%They%think%

that% the% Apostleship% deals% only% with% spiritual% matters% that% are% sacred,% holy,% all-religious,% and% that%

concern%activities%within%the%scope%of%the%Church.%

With% the% understanding% of% the% church% as% the% "Sign% and% Means% of% World% Salvation"% raised% by%

gaudium%et%Spes,%where%the%autonomy%of%the%world%and%its%secular%nature%are%recognized,%the%world%and%

its%environment%began%to%be%accepted%as%partners%of%dialogue%can%enrich%each%other.%People%begin%to%

realize%that%carrying%out%worldly%duties%is%not%only%based% on%reasons%of%citizenship%in%society%or%country,%

but%also%because%o f%the%encouragement%of%our%faith%and%Apostolic%duty,%provided%it%is%well%motivated.%

Faith%not%only%connects%us%to%God,%but%also%connects%with%our%neighbors%in%this%world%

Apostleship,in,the,Church,(internal),

Because%the%Church%is%the%People%of%God,%it%must%truly%be%the%People%of%God.%He%should%consolidate%

himself%to%truly%become%God's%People.%This%is%the%task%of%building%up%the%church.%This%task%may%be%called%

internal%apostolate.%This%task%is%basically%entrusted%to%the%hierarchical%group%(hierarchical%apostolate),%

but%the%Laity%is%also%required%to%take%part%in%it.%The%Laity's%involvement%in%the%task%of%building%up%this%

church%was%not%due%to%being%an%extension%of%hierarchy%or%assigned%to%hierarchy,%because%of%his%baptism%

he%got%that%task%from%Christ.%Laity%should%participate%in%the%tri-task%of%the%church.%1)%In%the%duties%of%a%

prophetess%(preacher%of%the%word),%a%layman%can%teach%religion,%as%a%catechist,%lead%Bible%study%or%faith%

study%activities,%etc.%

In%the%duty%of%Imamiah%(sanctifying),%a%layman%can%-%lead%prayers%in%meetings%of%the%people;%

1. Leading%a%chorus%or%chant%in%worship;%-%divide%communion%as%a%prodeacon;%and%-%become%servants%

of%the%son%of%the%Altar,%etc%

2. In%the%duties%of%a%prophetess%(preacher%of%the%word),%a%layman%may:%-%be%a%member%of%the%parish%

council,%

3. Become%a%section%chairman,%ward%or%region%chairman,%and%so%on.%

In% connection% with% community% service% activities,% the% focus% of% this% activity% is:% increasing% the%

understanding%and%skills%of%lay%pastoral%ministers%in%terms%of%preparing%and%leading%word%worship%or%

word% celebrations% both% carried% out% regularly,% and% carried% out% in% accordance% with% important% family%

events%or%groups%of%people%who%hold%worship.%

Implementation,Process,

In%principle,%this%community%service%activity%is%carried%out%to%answer%the%needs%of%lay%pastoral%

ministers% at% the% Sacred% Heart% of% Jesus% Tomohon% Parish.% The% need% in% question% is% about% a% correct%

understanding%of%the%guidelines%for%w ord%worship%and%the%skill%of%leading%the%worship%of%the%word%or%

celebration%of%the%word.%For%this%reason,%in%order%for%genuine%needs%to%be%met,%a%certain%amount%of%data%

from%the%parish%is%needed%about%the%needs%of%lay%pastoral%ministers%related%to%liturgical%apostolic%work%

in%the%field%of%worship.%To%obtain%this%data,%it%is%necessary%to% m ake% observations%and%/%or%interviews%and%

documentation%as%necessary.%

Core%Activities%

Inrernational,Journal,of,Social,Service,and,Research,% https://ijssr.ridwaninstitute.co.id/%

IJSSR,Page%3084

The%first%step%is%to%make%m aterial%in%the%form%of% a%guidebook%for%participants%and%also%in%the%form%

of%presentations%(power%points)%which%include:%1)%Lay%Spirituality,%2)%Routine%Word%Worship,%3)%Spirit%

Word%Worship,%4)%Thanksgiving%Worship%and%5)%Practical%Guidelines%for%Compiling%Sermons.%

The%second%step,%the%presentation%of%the%material%is%carried%out%in%stages%according%to%the%theme,%

starting% with% the% first% theme,% Lay% Spirituality.% Training% is% provided% through% theoretical% explanations%

followed%by%practice.%Technically,%each%participant%gets%a%guidebook.%The%resource%persons%presented%

the%material%that%had%been%prepared%in%the%form%of%presentations,%and%at%the%end%of%the%meeting%deepened%

the%material%in%the%form%of%questions%and%answers,%group%discussions%and%practices.%This%step%applies%

equally%to%5%themes%and%is%implemented%from%August%2023%to%November%2023%with%an%allocation%of%24%

hours.%

The%third%step%is%group%practice.%The%participants%who%have%attended%this%training%are%asked%to%

practice%every%material%that%has%been%given.%Meanwhile,%resource%persons%and%partners%will%observe%and%

provide% evaluations% and% assessments% to% each% practice% participant.% In% this% way,% it% is% hoped% that%

participants% really% understand% and% are% able% to% practice% well% and% correctly% the% guidelines% for% word%

worship%in%their%respective%groups%of%people%

The%fourth%step,%as%a%follow-up%to%this%activity,%resource%persons%as%devotees%and%partners%will%

conduct%direct%monitoring%and%evaluation%to%several%groups%o f%people%when%the%word%service%is%held.%

The%tools%used%are%questionnaires%that%will%be%answered%by%worshippers%as%well%as%by%devotees%and%a%

number%of%representatives%of%the%people%as%partners.%%

Concluding,Activities,

Community%Service% Activities%in% each% implementation%according%to%the% theme% will%be%made% a%

report%as%an%accountability%for%service%to%the%government%c.q%Catholic%Bimas%Ministry%of%Religion%of%the%

Republic%of%Indonesia%and%to%the%STP%Don%Bosco%Tomohon%institution%(Yohanes%Paulus,%1992).%

CONCLUSION)

Lay% Pastoral% Ministers% (PPA)% play% a% crucial% role% in% the% pastoral% care% of% the% local% Church,%

particularly%in%the%Parish%of%the%Sacred%Heart%of%Jesus%Tomohon.%With%approximately%153%individuals%

serving%in%51%spiritual%areas,%they%reach%out%to%around%4,229%people,% forming%Church%Base%Communities%

(KBG)% of% 30-40% families% each.% Despite% their% dedication,% PPAs% face% challenges,% particularly% in% leading%

worship%services,%as%they%still%rely%on%the%old%Code%of%Worship%due%to%a%lack%of%socialization%and%training%

on% the% new% Code% of% Worship% formulation.% Recognizing% this% issue,% a% Faith-Based% Community% Service%

initiative,%in%collaboration%with%the%Spiritual%Field%of%the%Pastoral%Council,%aims%to%address%this%gap%by%

organizing% training% activities% for% PPAs,% specifically% focusing% on% worship% leadership.% The% anticipated%

outcome%of%this%training%is%to%enhance%the%effectiveness%of%worship%services,%fostering%spiritual%growth%

within% the% community% and% ensuring% that% the% faith% of% the% people% continues% to% flourish.% Through%

collaborative%efforts,%this%initiative%strives%to%empower%PPAs%and%participants,%providing%them%with%the%

necessary%knowledge%and%skills%for%conducting%worship%in%accordance%with%the%new%Code%of%Worship,%

thereby%contributing%to%the%overall%development%of%faith%within%the%Parish.%

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