Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
Vol.%%03,%No.%12,%December%2023%
!e-ISSN:%2807-8691%|%'!p-ISSN:%2807-839X'!
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IJSSR'Page%3048!
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This%work%is%licensedunder%aAttribution-ShareAlike%4.0%International%(CC%BY-SA%4.0)
Local&and&Scientific&Knowledge&Dialogue&in&Rice&Farming&
Practice&in&Aceh&Besar&District&
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Kamalia'Ulfa1,'Pudji'Muljono2,'Annisa'Utami'Seminar3%
Science%Management%Study%Program,%IPB%University,%Indonesia1,2,3!
Email:%[email protected]%
Keywords'
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ABSTRACT'
Keujruen'Blang,'Agricultural'
Extension'Officer,'Agricultural'
Practices,'CMM.'
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INTRODUCTION!
Agricultural!development!has!a!very!strategic!meaning,!not!only!for!developing!countries!
but!also!for!developed!countries.!Agricultural!development!still!receives!very!serious!attention!
and!protection,!which!has!been!proven!by!developed!countries!(Fikriman,!2017).!Sustainable!
agriculture!is! emerging!as! an!alternative! agricultural!system! to!address! the!many! obstacles!
farmers! face!who! need! more! resources! and! time! and! ensure! environmental! sustainability!
(Rukmana,! 2012).! Sustainable! agriculture! is! an! agricultural! system! based!on! using!natural!
resources!(land,!water,!and!other!biodiversity)!(Kumar et al., 2022; Rana & Moniruzzaman, 2021).!
International'Journal'of'Social'Service'and'Research,%%
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One! of! the! factors! determining! the! success! of! the! agricultural! sector! is! the! role! of!
disseminating! agricultural! technological! innovations! in! agricultural! development!
(Indraningsih,!2017).!Agricultural!technology!innovation!aims!to!provide!convenience!in!the!
agricultural! process,! but! this! is! inseparable! from! the! ability! of! farmers! to! apply! these!
agricultural!innovations!(Jones!et!al.,!2023;!Kamara!et!al.,!2023).!Therefore,!the!importance!of!
the!role!of!agricultural!extension!workers!acts!as!a!bridge!and,!at!the!same!time,!a!conductor!of!
agricultural! technology! innovation! (Anwarudin! et! al.,! 2019).! This! sustainable! agricultural!
development!practice!gave!birth!to!a!movement!to!re-implement!traditional!agriculture!that!
had!been!done!by!previous!ancestors!(Hasanawi!et!al.,!2021).!Usually,!the!ancestors!used!local!
resources!without!applying!artificial!fertilizers!and!chemical!pesticides,!instead!emphasizing!
the! provision! of! organic! fertilizers! (natural)! and! biological! pesticides,! as! well! as! other!
cultivation!methods!that!remain!based!on!the!preservation!of!agricultural!lands!(Avermaete!et!
al.,!2022;!Hill!et!al.,!2020).!
As!a!party!that!can!interact!directly!with!farmers,!extension!workers!will!not!be!separated!
from!being!related!to!farmers'!local!wisdom!in!their!agricultural!practices!(Anwarudin!et!al.,!
2019).!To!carry!out!the!role!and!maintain!good!relations!with!farmers,!the!understanding!of!
agricultural! practices! between! the! two! parties! must! be! interpreted! with! the! same! meaning.!
Traditional! farming! communities! provide! food! from!one! generation! to! the! next! through!
traditional! agricultural! practices.! Local! wisdom! is! the! most! important! aspect! of! traditional!
agricultural!practices!(Ray et al., 2021; Rogers et al., 2023; Sari & Zuber, 2020).!!
Local!wisdom!is!often!interpreted!as!local!knowledge!in!which!knowledge!and!various!
strategies!are!contained!in!answering!various!problems!related!to!the!environment,!meeting!
food!needs,!and!community!adaptation!strategies!in!facing!changes!in!the!natural!and!social!
environment!(Frimpong!Boamah!et!al.,!2020;!Houma!et!al.,!2021).!Likewise,!Acehnese!farming!
communities!still!carry!out!agricultural!practices!in!accordance!with!local!wisdom.!!This!local!
wisdom!then!becomes!a!custom!implemented!and!obeyed!as!an!obligation!to!carry!out!planting!
(David!et!al.,!2022).!
Related!to!the!practice!of!rice!paddy!farming,!the!people!of!Aceh!actually!already!have!a!
customary! institution! called! keujruen' blang.! Keujruen! blang! is! the! traditional! chairman,! the!
central!figure!who!plays!an!important!role!in!agricultural!activities!in!Aceh!(Putra & Hariadi, 2016)!
The!role!of!keujruen'blang!is!not!only!to!manage!irrigation,!but!keujruen'blang!also!has!a!role!in!
advancing!and!increasing!community!agricultural!output.!But!in!reality,!the!actions!of!farmers!
to!get!water!on!a!certain!scale!often!cause!chaos!because!farmers!break!dikes!to!get!water.!The!
existence!of!fraud!committed!by!one!party!to!another!is!appropriate!for!an!institution!with!the!
power!and!competence!customarily!in!Aceh!to!intervene!(Dominici!et!al.,!2022;!Matthews!et!al.,!
2022;!Sultana!et!al.,!2023).!
As!government!partners,!it!is!appropriate!that!Keujruen!blang!and!agricultural!extension!
workers!as!government!facilitators!in!the!agricultural!sector!must!have!the!same!meaning!in!
agricultural!practice!activities.!It!aims!to!achieve!the!national!development!mission!embodied!
into! food! security! priorities! through! sustainable! agricultural! agitation! (SDGs.bappenas).!
Collaboration! between! extension! workers! and! customary! institutions! can! create! effective!
agricultural!practices! to!increase!the! income!and! standard!of! living!of!farming! communities!
(Ardo, 2022; Budi & Wardah, 2021; Malik & Kaliky, 2019).!
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Previous! research! still! only! explains! the! role! of! institutional! actors:! extension!and!
customary!institutions.!In!addition!to!the!role!of!each!actor,!the!relationship!between!actors!is!
also!very!important!to!be!examined,!considering!the!frequent!interactions!between!actors,!the!
meaning!and! coordination!of!dialogue! carried!out!by! actors!must!be! paid!more!attention! to!
reduce!negative!friction!between!actors.!Therefore,!the!purpose!of!this!study!is!to!explain!the!
role!of!customary!institutions!(Keujurun!blang)!and!the!role!of!agricultural!extension!workers!
in!agricultural!practices!and!analyze!the!coordination!of!the!meaning!of!agricultural!practices!
between! extension! workers! and! customary! institutions! in! Sukamakmur! Aceh! Besar! sub-
district.!To!analyze!the!meaning!of!agricultural!practices!for!extension!workers!and!customary!
institutions,! this! study! uses! the! concept! of! hierarchy! of! meaning! contained! in! the! theory! of!
Coordinated!Management!of!Meaning!(CMM)!(Harijati & Mastuti, 2014; Orlando et al., 2020).!This!
theory! explains! that! humans! organize! meaning! hierarchically.! This! theory! also! explains! the!
process! of! organizing! meaning! can! be! felt! if! a! person! can! determine! the! emphasis! on! the!
message!conveyed!by!others!to!himself!(Yuriawan,!2021).!!
There!are!six!levels!of!meaning!hierarchy!in!CMM!theory,!including!content!levels,!speech!
acts,!episodes,!relationships,!life!scripts,!and!cultural!patterns.!According!to!Pearce!and!Cronen!
(1980),!using!a!hierarchy!of!meaning!in!this!theory!is!not!a!definite!sequencing.!Still,!it!only!
makes!a!model!that!helps!understand!the!sorting!of!meaning!that!occurs!in!different!people.!
They! believe! there! is! no! definite! ordering! because! everyone! interprets! meaning! differently.!
Therefore,! through! this! study,! researchers! tried! to! analyze! the! role! of! Keujrun! blang! and!
extension!workers!in!agricultural!practices!and!continued!with!an!analysis!of!coordinating!the!
meaning! of! agricultural! practices! for! Keujrun! blang! and! extension! workers! related! to! rice!
cultivation!in!Sukamakmur!Aceh!Besar!District.!
!
METHODS!
In!line!with!the!formulation!of!the!problem!and!the!goals!to!be!achieved,!the!researcher!
uses!the!constructivist!paradigm!in!this!study.!This!study!uses!qualitative!methods!to!explain!
the! purpose! of! the! study.! The! object! of! this! study! is! the! analysis! of! conversations! between!
extension!workers!and!Keujrun!blang!related!to!rice!farming!practices!starting!from!rice!pre-
planting,!planting!period,!and!post-harvest.!Conversations!discussed!by!extension!workers!and!
Keujrun!blang!are!carried!out!offline,!such!as!face-to-face,!or!online!via!social!media/telephone.!
This! research! is! presented! with! qualitative! methods! with! ethnographic! design.! The!
place!of!research!was!conducted!in!Sukamakmur!District,!Aceh!Besar.!This!place!was!chosen!
because!of!the!existence!of!agricultural!extension!institutions!and!active!agricultural!customary!
institutions.! One! of! the! agricultural! extension! institutions! is! the! Sukamakmur! Agricultural!
Extension! Center! (BPP),! Aceh! Besar! Regency.! This! institution! is! also! a! place! of! connection!
between!extension!workers,!main!actors,!and!agricultural!business!actors.!This!research!was!
conducted! from! March! to! September! 2023! through! several! stages.! Data! collection! stage,!
observation!stage,!and!in-depth!interview!stage.!
The! informants! were! determined! purposively,! namely! actors! involved! in! agricultural!
practices! of! rice! cultivation! in! the! Sukamakmur! Aceh! Besar! sub-district.! Sukamakmur! Aceh!
Besar!sub-district!consists!of!35!villages!grouped!into!four!mukim!namely!Sibreh,!Lam!Lheu,!
Aneuk!Bate,!Sungai!Limpah!mukim.!In!each!mukim'there!are!Keujrun!blang!and!agricultural!
extension!workers!as!government!facilitators.!Therefore,!informants!in!this!study!are!divided!
into!two,!namely!key!informants!and!supporting!informants.!
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This!study!used!primary!and!secondary!data!sources.!Data!collection!techniques!in!this!
study!were!carried!out!through!observation!and!interviews.!The!data!analysis!technique!used!
is!Ethnographic!Content!analysis!(ECA).!The!data!analysis!process!in!this!study!begins!with!the!
secondary! data! collection! stage.! Furthermore,! researchers! made! observations! through!
activities! between! extension! workers! and! Keujruen! blang.! ! The! authors! also! collected! data!
through!semi-structured!interviews!with!each!informant.!The!next!process!is!to!code.!The!final!
stage!is!the!stage!of!concluding.!Validity!in!this!study!was!carried!out!using!data!triangulation.!
The!validity!of!the!data!in!this!study!is!carried!out!through!source!triangulation!and!research!
method!triangulation.!
!
RESULTS!!
A. The!Role!of!Keujruen!Blang!Customary!Institutions!in!Agricultural!Practices!!
1. Overview!of!Keujruen!Blang!Customary!Institutions!!
Customary!institutions!function!and!act!as!vehicles!for!community!participation!
in!the!administration!of!the!Government!of!Aceh!in!the!fields!of!security,!peace,!harmony,!
and!public!order.!Furthermore,!Aceh!Qanun!Number!10!of!2008!concerning!Customary!
Institutions! has! reaffirmed! the! existence! of! keujruen' blang!and! its! functions! and!
authorities!in!Article!24,!Article!25!and!Article!26.!Various!parties!(extension!workers,!
farmer! groups,! and! the! government! in! agriculture)! have! long! collaborated! with! the!
Keujruen!Blang!institution.!This!is!based!on!mutual!interests!in!carrying!out!the!roles!of!
each!party.!!Keujreun!blang!is!a!person!who!leads!and!regulates!activities!in!the!field!of!
rice!field!business.!This!means!that!in!carrying!out!its!duties,!Keujruen!Blang!is!to!assist!
Keuchik!in!the!area!of!regulating!and!using!irrigation!for!rice!fields.!Figure!1.!Showing!
the!position!of!keujrun'blang!in!customary!institutions!that!developed!in!Aceh.!
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Figure!1.!Customary!Institutions!in!Aceh%
Imeum
Mukim
Imeum
Chiek
Special
Institutio
ns
Customary
institutions
Syah
banda
Keujrun
Blang
Panglima
Uteun
Executive of Mukim
Traditional Meeting:
1. Imeum Mukim
2. Mukim secretary
3. Tuha Peut
Geuchiek
Tuha
Peut
Mukim secretary
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The!arrangement!of!duties,!functions,!authorities,!and!requirements!of!keujruen'
blang!is!determined!in!the!deliberations!of!keujruen'blang.!Likewise,!in!carrying!out!its!
duties! in! coordination! with! other! related! parties.! In! accordance! with! the! mandate! of!
Aceh! Qanun! Number! 10! of! 2008! concerning! Customary! Institutions.! The! duties! and!
authorities!of!keujruen'blang!are!as!follows:!!
1) Determine!and!coordinate!procedures!for!going!down!to!the!fields.!
2) Organize!the!distribution!of!water!to!farmers'!fields.!
3) Assist!the!government!in!agriculture.!
4) Coordinate!khanduri!or!other!ceremonies!related!to!customs!in!the!rice!field!farming!
business.!!
5) Give!reprimands!and!sanctions!to!farmers!who!violate!the!customary!rules!of!Meugoe!
(paddy!fields)! or! do!not! carry!out! other! obligations!in! the!customary! rice! farming!
implementation!system.!
6) Resolve!disputes!between!farmers!related!to!the!implementation!of!rice!field!farming!
business.!!
2. Agricultural!Practice!Activities!by!Keujruen!Blang!!
The!traditional!procession!of!Meugoe!(Rice!Fields)!is!several!activities!carried!out!
by!farming!communities!to!meet!their!needs!by!going!down!to!the!fields!and!plowing!
their!fields!to!produce!rice!as!a!staple!for!consumption!and!other!needs.!This!traditional!
procession!begins!with!initial!rituals!before!descending!to!the!rice!fields!carried!out!by!
residents!until!the!arrival!of!the!rice!is!brought!back!to!the!storage!area!to!be!stored!in!
its! place! (beurandang).! The! traditional! Meugoe! processions! are! classified! into! pre-
Meugoe,!Meugoe!activities,!and!post-Meugoe.!The!following!picture!shows!the!role!of!
keujruen' blang!in! meugoe!activities! that! develop! in! Acehnese! farming! communities,!
namely:!!
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The role of Keujrun Blang
Pre Meugoe
Meugoe
Post Meugoe
Land preparation for
planting (blang)
Luaih Blang Season
Kanuri Blang
Mèu uth
Ceumacah
Ceumeureuh
Rah bijeh
Tabu bijeh
Seumula
Teumeuweeh
Low Boh
Seumomprot
Paroh tulo
Keumeukoh
Keubah
Top pade
Jakeut pade
Pantangan
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Figure!2.!The!role!of!keujruen'blang!in!meugoe!activities!
It!is!clearly!visible!from!Figure!1.!That!keujruen'blang!plays!an!active!role!in!every!
paddy!field!activity,!starting!from!the!pre-meugoe!period!(activities!before!paddy!fields),!
the! meugoe!period! (rice! field! activities),! and! the! post-meugoe! period! (activities! after!
paddy!fields).!In!every!part!of!the!rice!field,!keujruen'blang!has!various!obligations.!The!
obligation! of! keujruen' blang! in! supervising! paddy! field! activities! is! the! main! task!
imposed!on!customary!stakeholders!in!the!agricultural!sector!in!Aceh.!The!important!
role!of!keujruen'blang!is!one!factor!determining!the!success!of!rice!fields!at!the!research!
site.!!!
3. Application!of!Agricultural!Practices!by!Keujruen'Blang!!
Keujruen! blang! is! a! customary! institution! that! is! deeply! rooted! in! the! lives! of!
farmers! in! Aceh! Province.! Its! existence! is! a! strategic! partner! of! the! government! in!
development! activities,! especially! the! empowerment! of! rice! farmers.! The! role! of!
keujruen!blang!institutions!rooted!in!the!farming!community!at!the!research!location!is!
difficult! to! replace! its! role! with! government-formed! institutions! such! as! P3A!
(association!of!water!user!farmers)!that!apply!throughout!the!archipelago.!Today,!the!
application!of!agricultural!practices!carried!out!by!keujruen'blang,!especially!in!research!
locations,!is!more!or!less!influenced!by!the!times.!One!of!them!is!conducting!deliberation!
and! coordination! with! government! agricultural! institutions! (agricultural! extension!
center!of!Sukamakmur!District).!The!following!table!shows!the!applications!of!the!role!
of!kejrun'blang!in!the!practice!of!agriculture!in!Sukamakmur!District.!
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Table!1.!Application!of!the!role!of!kejrun!blang!in!Pertnian!Practice!
No!
Hierarchy!of!Meaning!!
Interpretation!of!the!Role!of!
Keujurun!Blang!
(contents)!
Activities!(episodes)!
1!
Pre-
meugoe!
(activities!
before!
paddy!
fields)!
!
Land!preparation!for!
planting!(blang)!
- Supervise!each!rice!field!area!
- Deliberation!with!a!weatherman!
- Determine!the!date!of!descent!to!
the!rice!fields!
- Giving!signals!to!farmers!to!work!
their!fields!
Luaih!Blang!Season!
- Releasing!irrigation!water!to!
farmers'!rice!fields!
- Ensure!that!farmers'!rice!fields!
are!filled!with!enough!water!
Kanuri!Blang!
- Coordinating!the!Kanuri!Blang!
Ceremony!
2!
Meugoe!
activities!
(rice! field!
activities)!
!
Mèu!uè,!Ceumacah,!
Ceumeureuh,!Rah!bijeh,!
Tabu!bijeh,!Seumula,!
Teumeuweeh,!Boh!baja,!
Seumomprot,!Paroh!tulo!
- Conduct!deliberations,!
coordination!and!consultations!
with!extension!workers!
- Solving!problems!for!farmers!
- Sanction!farmers!who!violate!
customary!law!
!
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3!
Post!
meugoe!
(activities!
after!paddy!
fields)!
Keumeukoh,!Keubah,!
Top!pade,!Jakeut!pade,!
Abstinence!
- Socialize!and!sanction!farmers!
who!violate!customary!law!
- Warning!farmers!to!do!zakat!
Source:!primary!data!processing!
Partially,!the!role!of!Kuejruen!blang,!which!is!considered!by!parties!who!intersect!
with!keujruen'blang,!has!a!very!good!impact!on!agricultural!practices!in!Sukamakmur!
sub-district.! Its! role! in! setting! the! date! of! descending! rice! fields,! regulating! the!
distribution! of! rice! field! water,! coordinating! the! implementation! of! blang' kanduri,!
socializing!and!sanctioning!farmers!who!violate!customary!law,!and!warning!farmers!to!
do! zakat! is! still! needed! by! farmers.! In! addition,! his! cooperation! with! agricultural!
extension! workers! is! considered! to! have! a! very! good! impact! on! the! sustainability! of!
agricultural!practice!activities!in!the!Sukamakmur!Aceh!Besar!sub-district.!
B. The!Role!of!Agricultural!Extension!Workers!in!Agricultural!Practices!
1. Overview!of!Sukamakmur!Agricultural!Extension!Workers!
The!Sukamakmur!Agricultural! Extension! Center!was! established! in!2011,! under!
the!auspices!of!the!Fisheries!and!Forestry!Agricultural!Extension!Agency!or!BP4KP!Aceh!
Besar! Regency! with! a! working! area! covering! one! sub-district,! namely! Sukamakmur!
District,!with!a!total!of!35!assisted!villages!and!divided!into!four!target!work!areas.!!As!
Nurmayasari!et!al.!(2022)!explained,!Agricultural!extension!workers!are!the!spearhead!
of!development!because!they!are!directly!at!the!field!level,!which!also!determines!the!
development!of!the!farming!system!run!by!farmers!or!farmer!groups.!Therefore,!through!
the!assisted!villages!of!the!Agricultural!Extension!Center!compile!a!strategic!design!to!
improve!the!performance!of!agricultural!sector!development.!Among!the!indicators!of!
the!role!of!agricultural!extension!workers!is!the!development!of!farmer!groups!which!
are!shown!by!the!ability!both!in!technical!terms!and!management!of!the!farmer!business!
being!run.!!
%
%
%
%
%
Farmer Handler
POP TPHP
KJF Administration
KJF Program
KJF Supervision
KJF Human Resources
Development
Koordinator
BPP
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%
%
%
%
%
%
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Figure!3.!BPP! Sukamakmur!
Organizational!Structure!
There!are!16!extension!workers!at!the!Sukamakmur!Agricultural!Extension!Center!
carrying! out! their! duties! in! four! working! areas! (mukim)! consisting! of! 35! assisted!
villages.! ! The! table! shows! that! Sukamakmur! Aceh! Besar! sub-district! consists! of! four!
mukim.!Each!mukim!consists!of!several!villages!(gampong)!and!has!certain!territorial!
boundaries.!This!area! boundary!is!used! by!the!farmer! institution!(keujruen!blang)! in!
Sukamakmur! sub-district! as! its! working! area.! Furthermore,! farmer! institutions! that!
developed!in!Sukamakmur!sub-district!are!as!follows:!
!
Table!2.!Name!and!number!of!farmer!institutions!in!Sukamakmur!sub-district!
No%
Mukim%
Farmer%
Group%
Peasant%
Women%
Poktan%
Keujruen%
blang%%
RPH%
PT%
KTNA%
District%
Farmer%
Cooperative%
1%
Sibreh%
11%
3%
1%
1%
1%
1%
-%
2%
Limpah%River%
10%
5%
1%
1%
-%
-%
1%
3%
Lam%Lheu%
9%
2%
2%
1%
-%
-%
-%
4%
Aneuk%bate%
17%
4%
3%
1%
-%
-%
1%
Sum%
47%
14%
7%
4%
1%
1%
2%
Source!:!Secondary!data!
Farmer!Institutions! that!developed!in! the!Agricultural! Extension!Center! of! the!
Sukamakmur! region! Based! on! customary! institutions! in! the! region! consisting! of! 17!
farmer!groups.!One!of!the!customary!institutions!that!is!still!active!today!is!the!keujruen!
blang!institution!which!is!determined!based!on!mukim.!Mukim!is!a!legal!community!unit!
under!the!sub-district!consisting!of!a!combination!of!several!gampong!that!have!certain!
territorial!boundaries!led!by!Imeum!Mukim!or!other!names!and!are!directly!under!the!
sub-district! (Mursyidin! et! al.,! 2023)! As! for! The! main! tasks! and! functions! of! the!
Agricultural! Extension! Center! of! Sukamakmur! District,! Aceh! Besar! Regency! on!
institutional!aspects!are:!
1) Develop!counseling!programs!at!the!sub-district!level!in!line!with!the!urban!district!
extension!programs!
2) provide! and! disseminate! information! on! technology,! means! of! production,!
financing,!and!markets!
Field Agricultural Smuggler (PPL)
Sukamakmur Agricultural Extension Center
PPL mukim
Sibreh
PPL mukim
Lam Lheu
PPL mukim
Overflow River
PPL mukim
Aneuk Batee
PPL mukim
Sibreh
PPL mukim
Lam Lheu
PPL mukim
Overflow River
PPL mukim
Aneuk Batee
PPL mukim
Sibreh
PPL mukim
Lam Lheu
PPL mukim
Overflow River
PPL mukim
Aneuk Batee
PPL mukim
Sibreh
PPL mukim
Sibreh
PPL mukim
Aneuk Batee
PPL mukim
Aneuk Batee
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3) Carry!out!counseling!based!on!counseling!programs!
4) Carry!out!the!learning!process!through!pilots!
5) Carry!out!monitoring,!evaluation!and!reporting!on!the!implementation!of!extension!
programs.!
6) Facilitating! institutional! development! and! partnerships! between! key! actors! and!
business!actors!
1. Agricultural!Practice!Activities!by!Sukamakmur!Agricultural!Extension!Officers!
Agricultural! extension! workers! have! a! role! in! agricultural! practices! at! the!
research! site.! All! agricultural! extension! activities! in! Sukamakmur! sub-district! are!
regulated! by! the! Agricultural! Extension! Center.! The! main! tasks! and! functions! of!
extension!workers!are!evenly!distributed!in!every!part!of!rice!field!activities!carried!out!
by!farmers!at!the!research!site.!
!
!
%
%
%%
'
'
'
'
'
'
Figure'4.'The'role'of'agricultural'extension'workers'in'Sukamakmur'sub-district'
!Figure!4.!Displaying!the!role!of!extension!workers!in!every!agricultural!practice!
activity!at!the!research!site.!Agricultural!extension!workers!play!an!active!role!in!every!
paddy!field!activity,!starting!from!the!pre-meugoe!period!(pre-rice!field!activities),!the!
meugoe!period!(rice!field!activities),!and!the!post-meugoe!period!(activities!after!paddy!
fields).!In!each! part!of!the!rice! field,!extension!workers!have!various!roles.! Extension!
workers! as! partners! of! the! government! in! the! agricultural! sector! are! a! factor! that!
determines!the!success!of!rice!fields!at!the!research!site.!
3. Application!of!Agricultural!Practices!by!Sukamakmur!Agricultural!Extension!Officers!
The!application!of!agricultural!practices!carried!out!by!extension!workers!at!the!
research! location! is! carried! out! with! an! approach! through! customary! activities! that!
develop! at! the! research! site.! This! is! supported! by! Harijati's! opinion! (2014)!that!
agricultural! extension! applies! an! approach! that! is! in! accordance! with! current!
community!conditions!by!considering!the!variety!of!areas!(local!specific),!local!needs,!
and! potentials.! This! approach! is! carried! out! so! that! all! activities! carried! out! by!
agricultural!extension!workers!can!be!accepted!by!farmers.!!
%
Table!3.!Application!of!the!Role!of!Agricultural!Extension!Workers!in!
Sukamakmur!District!
No%
Hierarchy%of%Meaning%%
The%Role%of%Agricultural%Extension%
Officers%
Pre%Meugoe%
Meugoe%
Post%Meugoe%
V<:'7#+9#<+<")(:7F(+7
#A<:"):,7PblangQ=7
V?<)!7MA<:,&season,&
Kanuri&Blang7
7
Mèu&uè,&Ceumacah,&
Ceumeureuh,&Rah&bijehTabu&
bijeh,&Seumula,&Teumeuweeh,&
Boh&baja,&Seumomprot,&
Paroh&tulo&
&
Keumeuko,&Keubah,&Top&
pade,&Jakeut&pade,&
W<:"<:,<:&
&
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Pra-meugoe
• Acceptance
• Coordinate
• Koorporative
• Afirmative
• Religion
• Collaborative
(contents)%
Activities%
(episodes)%
Interpretation%of%the%Role%of%Extension%
Workers%
1%
Pre-meugoe%
(activities%
before%
paddy%
fields)%
%
Land%preparation%
for%planting%(blang)%
Season%Luaih%Blang%
Kanuri%Blang%
- Develop% counseling% programs% at% the% sub-
district% level% in% line% with% the% urban% district%
extension%programs%
- provide% and% disseminate% information% on%
technology,% means% of% production,% financing,%
and%markets%
2%
Meugoe%
activities%
(rice% field%
activities)%
%
Mèu%uè,%Ceumacah,%
Ceumeureuh,%Rah%
bijeh,%Tabu%bijeh,%
Seumula,%
Teumeuweeh,%Boh%
baja,%Seumomprot,%
Paroh%tulo%
- Carry% out% counseling% based% on% counseling%
programs%
- Carry%out%the%learning%process%through%pilots%
%
3%
Post%
meugoe%
(activities%
after%paddy%
fields)%
Keumeukoh,%
Keubah,%Top%pade,%
Jakeut%pade,%
Abstinence%
- Carry% out% monitoring,% evaluation% and%
reporting%on%the%implementation%of%extension%
programs.%
- Facilitating% institutional% development% and%
partnerships% between% key% actors% and%
business%actors%
Source:!primary!data!processing!
The! application! of! extension! program! activities! is! proportionally! arranged! in!
each! rice! field! activity! at! the! research! site.! In! every! part! of! paddy! field! activities,!
extension! workers! have! an! important! role.! This! is! in! line! with! the! idea! conveyed! by!
Harijati!(2014)!that!agricultural!extension!services!are!expected!to!apply!an!approach!
that! is! in! accordance! with! current! community! conditions! by! taking! into! account! the!
variety!of!areas!(local!specific),!local!needs,!and!potentials.!
C. Coordination!of!the!meaning!of!agricultural!practices!between!extension!workers!
and!Keujruen!blang!customary!institutions!
The!dialogue!on!the!meaning!of!agricultural!practices!between!keujrun'blang!and!
extension! workers! is! coordinated! through! the! Coordinated! Management! of! Meaning!
Theory!by!W.!Barnett!Pearce!and!Vernon!Cronen!(1980),!with!a!hierarchy!of!meaning.!As!
Aminuddin!et!al.!(2021)!Reiterate,!meaning!in!interaction!is!achieved!by!applying!various!
rules!based!on!the!hierarchy!of!meaning.!The!coordination!of!the!meaning!of!agricultural!
practices!by!keujrun'blang!and!extension!workers!is!classified!based!on!the!hierarchy!of!
meaning!at!the!content!level.!The!content!in!question!is!divided!into!three,!namely:!Pre-
meugoe!(activities!before!paddy!fields),!Meugoe!activities!(rice!field!activities),!and!Post!
meugoe!(activities!after!paddy!fields).!!
%
%
%
%
% %
%
Blang's
Honesty
Agricultural
Extension
Content
Relationship
Life ScriptsEpisode
Speech Act
Cultural
Pattern
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IJSSR'Page%3058%
• Partnership
• solidarity
• I(:"9C"7(F7D(+E77
• I?A"?+<A7B(:"9C"7
!
• Give a message
• Receive messages
• Insisting a message
• Extension management
• Notification of keujrun
blang
• Meugoe activities
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
!
Figure!5.!Coordination!of!the!meaning!of!content-level!agricultural!practices,!pre-
meugoe!categories!
Process!depicted! dialogue! between! actors! in! the! Pre-meugoe! period! occurred!
cyclically.!Both!actors!give!and!receive!messages!periodically!until!mutual!understanding!
is! achieved! regarding! agricultural! practices! in! the! pre-meugoe! period.! There! was! no!
divergence! of! meaning! in! this! period.! In! this! period,! the! two! actors! gave! and! received!
messages!related!to!agricultural!practices.!It!was!found!that,!keujrun!blang!often!informed!
that! if! agricultural! practices! do! not! follow! customary! rules,! it! will! have! many! negative!
impacts.!Likewise!with!extension!workers,!informing!environmentally!friendly!agricultural!
practices.!This!is!so!that!agricultural!practices!at!the!research!site!experience!sustainability.!!
!This!similarity!of!meaning!is!achieved!through!a!process!of!hierarchy!of!meanings!
where! the! meaning! of! agricultural! practices! referred! to! between! these! two! actors! is! to!
realize! sustainable! agricultural! practices.! However,! it! turns! out! that! during! the! Meugoe!
Activity,!there!was!a!divergence!of!meaning!between!the!two!actors.!The!following!is!an!
overview!of!the!flow!of!coordination!of!the!meaning!of!meugoe!activity!categories.!
!
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
Content
Relationship
Episode
Meugoe time
• Partnership
• solidarity
• beginning of planting
• Education by extension workers
• Dujrun blang functionsDuties of
extension functions
• Planting time barrier
• The critical situation of the planting
period
• Constraints in agricultural practices
Life scripts
Cultural pattern
Speech act
Give a message
Receive messages
Kamsia
Employment
background
Cultural
background
Collaborative
afirmative
Religi
Solution:
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%
%
%
'
Figure'6.'Coordinationof'the'meaning'of'agricultural'practices'content'level,'meugoe'activity'
categories'
Dialogue! that! occurs! between! actors! at! the! level! of! content,! relationships,! and!
episodes!is!not!found!to!converge!the!meaning!of!agricultural!practices.!However,!when!the!
dialogue!process!occurs!at!the!level!of!life!scripts,!cultural!patterns,!and!speech!acts,!there!
are!differences! in!the!meaning! of!agricultural! practices.!This!difference! is!related! to!the!
background!of!the!extension!worker's!work!and!the!cultural!background!of!Keujrun!Blang,!
where!in!this!paddy!field,!the!role!of!extension!workers!as!facilitators!provides!ideas!and!
ideas! to! overcome! the! problems! at! hand.! Conversely,! as! a! stakeholder! of! agricultural!
customs,!keujrun'blang!is!more!directed!to!surrender!when!problems!occur.!This!is!because!
cultural!patterns!develop!based!on!religious!aspects.!!
This!difference!turns!out!to!support!the!common!meaning!of!sustainable!agricultural!
practices.!This!statement!is!strengthened!by!validation!where!each!actor!carries!out!their!
obligations! in! accordance! with! their! respective! roles.! The! following! diagram! is! a! post-
meugoe!period!that!can!emphasize!that!the!divergence!of!meaning!that!occurs!can!support!
the!similarity!of!meaning.%
%
%
%
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Figure'7.'Coordination'of'the'meaning'of'content-level'agricultural'practices,'post-meugoe'
categories'
The! process! of! coordinating! meaning! in! the! post-meugoe! period! also! occurs!
cyclically,!but!there!is!a! divergence! of!meaning!at!the!level!of!cultural! patterns.!Cultural!
patterns!between!the!two!actors!reflect!their!roles!and!functions.!The!role!of!keujrun'blang!
• Resignation
• Hope
• Complain
• Direct
• Sympathy
• Watching
• Guide
• Facilitate
conten
Hubungan (relationship)
Naskah kehidupan (life scripts)
Episode
Speech Act
Agricultural
Extension
Keujrun
Blang
Cultural pattern
Cultural pattern
• Religi
• Koordinatif
• Afirmatif
• Critical
• Transparans
Pasca meugoe
solidaritas
Context of work
• Post-harvest activities
• Agricultural development
ambitions
• Flexibility
• Affirmation
• sympathy
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is! to! support! all! farmers'! agricultural! practice! activities! based! on! cultural! (religious)!
customs,!while!the!role!of!extension!workers!is!to!support!all!agricultural!practice!activities!
based! on! the! vision! and! mission! of! national! development,! which! critically! and!
transparently!nurtures!farmers.!This!divergence!of!meaning!at!the!level!of!cultural!patterns!
validates!the!similarity!of!meaning!between!the!two!actors.!
The!similarity!in!the!meaning!of!the!agricultural!practices!in!question!is!to!realize!
sustainable!agricultural!practices!with! the!role!of!each!chord.!The! similarity!of!meaning!
obtained! cannot! be! separated! from! the! coordination! of! meaning! through! levels! in! the!
hierarchy! of! meaning.! The! divergence! of! meaning! at! a! certain! level! of! the! hierarchy! of!
meaning!does!not!cause!the!communication!process!to!be!hampered!but!still!supports!each!
other!between!levels.!This!is!in!line!with!the!idea!of!Pearce!and!Cronen!(1980),!who!state!
that! the! hierarchy! of! meaning! is! a! model! rather! than! a! definite! sorting! system! because!
people!have!different!interpretations!of!meaning!at!different!levels.!
'
CONCLUSION!
Based% on% the% results% and% discussions% that% have% been% submitted,% it% can% be% concluded% that% the%
similarity%of%meaning%related%to%agricultural%practices%by%keujrun'blang%and%extension%workers%cannot%
be%separated%from%the%coordination%of%meaning%through%levels%in%the%hierarchy%of%meaning.%Although%
there% is% a% divergence% of% meaning% at% certain% levels% of% the% hierarchy,% this% does% not% hinder% the%
communication%process,%but%rather%supports%each%other%between%levels.%This%study%reveals%a%conclusive%
purpose:%first,%the%role%of%keujruen'blang%in%agricultural%practices%is%to%maintain%customs%in%rice%field%
activities.%Second,%the%role%of%extension%workers%in%agricultural%practices%is%to%focus%on%organic%farming.%
Third,% coordinating% the% meaning% of% agricultural% practices% between% keujruen' blang%and% extension%
workers%with%CMM%theory%shows%the%same%meaning,%namely%realizing%sustainable%agriculture%through%
the%role%of%each%actor.%Thus,%the%role%of%keujruen'blang%in%realizing%sustainable%agriculture%is%to%maintain%
customs%in%rice%field%activities,%while%extension%workers%focus%on%organic%farming.%
!
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