!
Attribution-!ShareAlike!4.0!International!(CC!BY!SA!4.0)!
!
Vol.!03,!No.!12,!December!2023!
e"-"ISSN$:!2807-8691$|$p-"ISSN$:!2807-839X!
$
IJSSR$Page!3086
!""#$%&&'()*(+,&-.*/0122&)3$$+*45)-6*06-7
This%work%is%licensed%under%a%Attribution-ShareAlike%4.0%International%(CC%BY-SA%4.0)
Settlement'of'Traffic'Accident'Crimes'through'the'
Principle'of'Restorative'Justice'in'the'Sorong'City'Area'
$
Ryo$Thunder$Triatmoko
1
,$Ramlani$Lina$Sinaulan
2
,$Yuhelson
3$
Master!of!Law,!Universitas!Jayabaya,!Indonesia
1,2,3%
Email:![email protected]!
Keywords$
$
ABSTRACT$
Traffic"Accident"Crimes,"Restorative"
Justice,"Customary"Institutions.!
!
8!)$7$"9':7;(<9$=$7(>7"!=7;)+$"7#+(?@=A7(;7$(@4)>,7"+B;;)<7B<<)'=>"7
<+)A)>B@7<B$=$7"!B"7!B4=7?==>7B##@)='7)>7@BC7=>;(+<=A=>"7B>'7!(C7
"(7+=<(>$"+9<"7"!=7)'=B@7"+B;;)<7B<<)'=>"7<+)A=7+=$(@9")(>7?B$='7(>7
B7+=$"(+B")4=739$")<=7 B##+(B<!*78!=7A="!('79$='7)>7"!)$7$"9':7)$7
>(+AB")4=739+)')<B@7+=$=B+<!7C )"!7B7+=$=B+<!7 B##+(B<!7)>7"!=7 ;(+A7
(;7 B7 >(+AB")4=7 B##+(B<!*7 8!=7 +=$9@"7 (;7 "!)$7 $"9':7 )$7 "!B"7 ')+=<"7
)>4(@4=A=>"7?="C==>7#=+#="+B"(+$D74)<")A$D7B>'7 <(AA9>)")=$7)>7
$(@4)>,7 <+)A)>B@7 <B$=$7 )$7 =A#!B$)E='7 )>7 "!=7 +=$"(+B")4=7 39$")<=7
B##+(B<!*7F+)A)>B@7B<"$7)>4(@4)>,7"+B;;)<7 B<<)'=>"$7<B>7?=7+=$(@4='7
)>7B<<(+'B><=7C)"!7"!=7#+)><)#@=$7(;7+=$"(+B")4=739$")<=*7G=<B9$=7)"7
$=+4=$7 "!=7 )>"=+=$"$7 (;7 4)<")A$7 B>'7 #=+#="+B"(+$7 ?B$='7 (>7 "C(7
#=+$#=<")4=$7 H4)<")A$7 B>'7 #=+#="+B"(+$I7 )>7 "=+A$7 (;7 B<<)'=>"7
<+)A=$D7"!=79$=7(;7+=$"(+B")4=739$")<=7)$7=$$=>")B@*78!=7B##@)<B")(>7
(;7+=$"(+B")4=739$")<=7)>7$(@4)>,7<+)A)>B@7<B$=$7"!B"7#+)(+)")E=$7"!=7
)>"=+=$"$7(;74)<")A$7B>'7#=+#="+B"(+$7)> 7;)>')>,7$(@9")(>$7"(7<+)A=$7
B>'7"!=)+7<(>$=J9=><=$7!B$7?==>7(9"@)>='7)>7B7<)+<9@B+7)$$9='7?:7
"!=7K>'(>=$)B>7LB")(>B@7M(@)<=*778!=7"+B')")(>B@7':>BA)<7?="C==>7
@(<B@7<(AA9>) " )=$7B>'7"!=)+7,(4=+>A=>"$7)>7;),!")>,7<+)A=7<B>7?=7
<!B>,='7 ?:7 "!=7 9$=7 (;7 +=$"(+B")4=7 39$")<=7 )>7 <B$=$7 )>4(@4)>,7
B<<)'=>"$*7 F9$"(AB+:7 )>$")"9")(>$7 B+=7 $")@@7 (;"=>7 9$='7 )>7 N(+(>,7
F)":7 ?:7 @(<B@7 <(AA9>)")=$7 "(7 +=$(@4=7 <(>;@)<"$D7 ?9"7 OBC7 L(*7
66&6..27(>78+B;;)<7B>'7P(B'78+B>$#(+"7!B$7$")#9@B"='7"!=7"!+=B"7
(;7 <+)A)>B@7 #=>B@")=$7 ;(+7 "!($=7 +=$#(>$)?@=7 ;(+7 "+B;;)<7 B<<)'=>"$*7
8!=+=;(+=D7"!=7#(@)<=7!B'7"(7)>4=$"),B"=7"!=7"+B;;)<7B<<)'=>"7=4=>7);7
"!=74)<")AQ$7;BA)@:7'=<)'=' 7> ("7"(7#+($=<9"=*7
$
$
$
INTRODUCTION)
Traffic!as!one!of!the!movements!of!vehicles!and!community!roads!that!play!a!role!in!facilitating!
national!development!in!various!fields!Yuliana!(2020).!Traffic!is!also!one!of!the!most!important!means!
for! the! community! in! facilitating! various! community! activities,! supporting! population! mobility! and!
facilitating!development!in!various!fields.!Traffic!problems!are!one!of!the!national-scale!problems!based!
on!community!development.!One!of!the!problems!in!traffic!is!the!high!number!of!traffic!accidents.!Traffic!
accidents!not!only!cause!casualties!but!also!cause!material!or!financial!losses!(Rajasekaran!et"al.!2021;!
Yang!et"al.!2023).!
Traffic!accidents!are!events!that!occur!in!a!traffic!movement!due!to!errors!in!the!traffic!shaping!
system!involving! humans!as!drivers,!vehicles,!roads! and!the!surrounding!environment!(Chand!et"al.!
2021;!Lee!2023).!Traffic!accidents!also!occur!due!to!an!imbalance!between!the!number!of!vehicles!and!
existing!road!facilities,!especially!the!expansion!of!the!highway!network!(Soekanto!1984).!
The!increasing!volume!of!private!vehicles,!especially!motorcycles!on!the!highway!which!is!not!
accompanied!by!the!addition!of!adequate!road!access!to!accommodate!the!number!of!vehicles!has!a!
negative!impact!on!other!road!users,!such!as!congestion!and!high!numbers!of!traffic!accidents.!Unsafe,!
disorderly,!unsmooth!and!inefficient!traffic!will!cause!various!difficulties!in!society!(Djajoesman,!1986).!
International$Journal$of$Social$Service$and$Research,!
Ryo!Thunder!Triatmoko
1
,!Ramlani!Lina!Sinaulan
2
,!Yuhelson
3%
IJSSR$Page!3087!
Traffic!accidents!in!Indonesia!indicate!a!significant!relationship!between! the!behavior!of!accident!events!
and!their!traffic!characteristics,!for!example!on!urban!roads!in!general,!the!largest!involved!accidents!
are!motorcycles,!pedestrians!and!bicycles! which!can! result!in!fatal! traffic!accidents,!while! accidents!
outside!the!city!indicate!the!dominance!of!four-wheeled!vehicle!involvement!and!above!with!a!fatality!
rate!that!is!also!alarming!(Molovcáková!et"al.!2021;!Krehic!2023).!
In!traffic!accidents,!there!is!often!a!contradiction,!where!traffic!criminals!have!carried!out!their!
obligations!to!compensate!victims!or!their!families!but!are!still!subject!to!cr iminal!sanctions.!This!is!
often! considered! unfair! to! perpetrators! of! road! traffic! crimes.! Therefore,! a! discourse! arises! so! that!
diversion!can!be!pursued!with!a!restorative!justice!approach! for!perpetrators!of!road!traffic!crimes!
(Kirkwood!2022;!April!et"al.!2023).!Restorative!justice!is!a!way!to!solve!criminal!cases!involving!the!
community,!victims!and!perpetrators!of!crimes!to!create!justice!for!all!parties!so!that!it!is!expected!to!
create!the!same!conditions!as!before!the!crime!and!to!prevent!further!crimes.!The!goal!of!restorative!
justice,!in!other!words,!is!the!restoration!of!the!relationship!between!the!perpetrator!and!the!victim!
(Hobson!dan!Payne!2022;!Marder!2022).!
The!restorative!justice!approach!is!an!approach!that!aims!to!answer!dissatisfaction!with!the!
work! of! the! existing! Criminal! Justice! System! (SPP).! This! approach! is! used! as! a! strategic! frame! for!
handling!criminal!cases.!The!principle!of!restorative!justice!is!an!inherent!part!of!the!criminal!justice!
system!in!developed!countries!(van!Barligen!2015).!The!principles!of!restorative!justice!as!formulated!
in!the!United!Nations!Resolutions!and!Decision!Adopted!by!ECOSOC!at!its!Substantive!Session!of!2002!
(Muladi!et"al.!2023).!
The!original!or!theoretical!concept!of! restorative! justice!is!the! informal!resolution!of!conflicts!to!
restore!relationships.!Restorative!justice!in!Indonesia!tends!to!be!informal!in!a!formal!social!institution.!
Restorative!justice!is!a!philosophy,!process,!idea,!theory!and!intervention!that!emphasizes!and!corrects!
harm!caused!by!criminals!(Mohammad!dan!Gearhart!2021;!Gerson!2022).!This!process!stands!in!stark!
contrast!to!the!standard!way!of!dealing!with!crimes!that!are!viewed!as!offenses!committed!against!the!
state.! Restorative! justice! finds! a! philosophical! basis! in! the! fourth! precept! of! Pancasila,! namely!
deliberation!as!a!priority!in!making!decisions.!The!purpose!of!solving!problems!with!mediation!is!to!
humanize!the!justice!system,!namely!justice!that!can!answer!the!essential!needs!of!victims,!perpetrators!
and!society!(Prayitno!2012).!
There!is!no!specific!formulation!governing!restorative!justice,!but!this!does!not!mean!that!the!
application!of!restorative!justice!has! no!legal!basis,!especially!in!the!Theory!of!Legal!Discovery,!which!is!
the!task!of!law!enforcement!that!includes!finding!the!living!law!in!society!(Manan!et"al.!2021).!If!the!
existing!laws!in!society!cannot!solve!existing!problems,!according!to!sociolegal!studies,! law!enforcement!
officials!do!not!mean!silence!and!neglect!without!creating!justice!(Semekto!2006).!
The!idea!of!restorative!justice!first!emerged!among!Criminal!Law!experts!as!a!reaction!to!the!
negative!impacts!of!applying!criminal!sanctions!with!their!repressive!and!coercive!nature.!This!can!be!
seen! from! Hulsman's! statement! that! the! Criminal! Law! system! was! built! with! the! thought! that! the!
Criminal!Law!must!cause!harm.!According!to!Hulsman,!this!idea!is!very!dangerous.!Therefore,!Hulsman!
proposed!the!idea!of!abolishing!the!criminal!law!system,!which!is!considered!to!bring!more!harm!than!
good!and!replacing!it!with!other!ways!that!are!considered!better!(Hulsman!1998).!In!the!context!of!
traffic!accidents!in!Sorong!City,!West!Papua,!there!are!several!things!to!consider!from!the!perspective!of!
the!customary!law!of!the!Moi!tribe,!namely!the!Moi!tribe!has!a!distinctive!customary!law!system!that!
regulates!the!actions!that!must!be!taken!in!the!event!of!a!traffic!accident!involving!members!of!the!Moi!
tribe.!In!the!customary!law!of!the!Moi!tribe,!the!action!that!must!be!done!is!usually!through!a!traditional!
ceremony!called!"garewa".!Garewa!is!a!traditional!ceremony!carried!out!as!a!form!of!peace!between!the!
families!of!victims!and!perpetrators!of!accidents.!In!this!ceremony,!the!perpetrator!of!the!accident!must!
give!a!sum!of!money!as!compensation!to!the!victim's!family,!perform!various!rituals!as!a!sign!of!apology,!
and!ask!for!forgiveness!from!the!victim's!family.!
International$Journal$of$Social$Service$and$Research!! https://ijssr.ridwaninstitute.co.id/!
IJSSR$Page!3088!
However,!in!addition!to!the!customary!law!of!the!Moi!tribe,!national!legal!regulations!apply!in!
Indonesia,!including!in!the!case!of!traffic!accidents.!In!the!event!of!a!traffic!accident!in!Sorong!City,!the!
parties!involved!in!the!accident!will!usually!be!regulated!by!Law!Number!22!of!2009!concerning!Road!
Traffic!and!Transportation.!Meanwhile,!if!there!is!a!discrepancy!between!customary!law!and!national!
law,!then!usually!national!law! will! take! precedence!as! applicable! law.!However,!parties!involved! in!
traffic!accidents!can!try!to!resolve!the!problem!peacefully!by!involving!Moi!tribal!customs!as!a!way!to!
resolve!conflicts!fairly!and!harmoniously.!In!Customary!law!refers!to!the!principles!and!practices!of!
unwritten!law!that!are!passed!down!from!generation!to!generation!in!a!particular!community!or!society.!
These!customs!are!often!deeply! rooted!in!people's!cultures!and!traditions!and!m ay!have!been!practiced!
for!centuries.!In!recent!times,!customary!law!has!gained!recognition!as!a!legitimate!source!of!law!in!
many!jurisdictions,!including!in!the!context!of!traffic!regulations.!
!
METHODS)
The!type!of!research!used!in!this!study!is!juridical-normative,!and!is!descriptive! analytical!using!
both! primary,! secondary! and! tertiary! legal! materials! as! the! main! data.! Data! analysis! is! carried! out!
qualitatively!with!a!theoretical!abstract!approach.!While!the!approach!used!in!this! study!is!the!statutory!
approach! (statute! approach)! and! concept! approach! (conceptual! approach).! The!statute! approach! is!
carried!out!by!reviewing!all!laws!and!regulations!related!to!the!legal!issue!being!handled.!While!the!
conceptual!approach!is!an!approach!that!departs!from!the!views!and!doctrines!that!develop!in!legal!
science!(Ahmad!et"al.!2011).!
The!legal!materials!examined!in!this!study!consist!of!First,!primary!legal!materials,!namely:!Law!
Number! 8! of! 1981! concerning! the! Code! of! Criminal! Procedure! (KUHAP);! Law! Number! 2! of! 2002!
concerning!the!National!Police!of!the!Republic!of!Indonesia;!Law!Number!22!of!2009!concerning!Road!
Traffic!and!Transportation;!Law!Number!48!of!2009!concerning!Judicial!Power;!Decision!of!the! Supreme!
Court! of! the! Republic! of! Indonesia! Number:! 096/KMA/SK/VII/2011! concerning! the! Jurisprudence!
Publishing!Team!of!the!Supreme!Court!of!the!Republic!of!Indonesia!concerning!the!Formulation!of!Legal!
Rules;!Supreme!Court!Jurisprudence!Decision!N o.!1600!K/Pid/2009.!Second,!secondary!legal! m aterials,!
namely! secondary! legal! sources! in! the! form! of! books,! articles! in! scientific! journals,! newspapers,!
magazines,! and! others! related! to! the! topic! under! study,! and! Third,! tertiary! legal! materials,! namely:!
dictionaries,! encyclopedias,! and! others! that! explain! more! concisely! from! a! study.! These! data! are!
collected!using!the!document!study!method.!
!
RESULTS)
Settlement$of$Traffic$Accident$Crimes$through$the$Principle$of$Restorative$Justice$in$the$Sorong$
City$Area$
Along!with!the!development!of!criminal!law,!there!is!a!tendency!for!the!criminal!paradigm!and!
the!idea!of!justice!to!change!from!retributive!justice!(criminal!justice)!to!restorative!justice.!In!terms!of!
traffic! accident! crimes! can! be! resolved! using! the! principles! of! restorative! justice! and! criminal! law!
policies!in!solving!traffic!accident!cases!(Rona!et"al.!2020)!are!some!of!the!many!studies!that!have!been!
conducted!on!this!matter.!Restorative!justice!can!help!the!parties!involved!in!traffic!accidents!to!reach!a!
settlement!and!achieve!justice!and!benefit!for!all!parties.!
Restorative!justice!is!a!model!approach!developed!in!the!1960s!to!help!solve!criminal!cases.!This!
strategy!emphasizes!direct!involvement!between!perpetrators,!victims,!and!communities!in!resolving!
criminal!cases,!in!contrast!to!traditional!criminal!justice!system!strategies.!Restorative!justice!is!a!legal!
framework!that,!according!to!Liebmann,!"aims!to!restore!the!well-being!of!victims,!perpetrators,!and!
communities! harmed! by! crime,! as! well! as! prevent! the! occurrence! of! violations! or! criminal! acts."!
(Liebmann! 2007)! In! addition,! Liebmann! offers! the! following! formulation! of! the! basic! principles! of!
restorative!justice:!(a)!prioritizing!victim!support!and!recovery;!(b)!the! offender!is!responsible! for!what!
he!does;!(c)!dialogue!between!victim!and!perpetrator!to! reach!understanding;!(d)!there!is!an!attempt!to!
International$Journal$of$Social$Service$and$Research,!
Ryo!Thunder!Triatmoko
1
,!Ramlani!Lina!Sinaulan
2
,!Yuhelson
3%
IJSSR$Page!3089!
place!the!damage!caused!properly;!(e)!the!offender!must!be!aware!of!how!to!avoid!future!crimes;!and!
(f)!the!community!helps!integrate!both!parties,!both!victims!and!perpetrators!(Liebmann!2007).!
The!interests!of!victims!have!a!much!more!important!role!in!the!restorative!process!compared!
to! the! current! criminal! justice! system.! Laws! defining! victims'! procedural! rights! during! criminal!
proceedings!or!juvenile!criminal!procedural!law!have!been!adopted!in!several!countries!(Hotmaulana!
Hutauruk! 2013).!To!resolve! criminal!cases! out!of!court,!restorative!justice!can! be!applied!in!one!of!
several!ways.!These!methods!can!be!developed!due!to!extensive!research!(Utomo!et"al.!2019).!
Community!involvement!can!also!be! part!of!restorative!justice,!allowing!affected!comm unity!
members!to!participate!in!the!dialogue!process!and!assist!victims!and!perpetrators.!Encouraging!a!sense!
of! accountability! and! responsibility! within! the! community! can! help! restore! trust.! It! is! important! to!
remember!that!restorative!justice!cannot!replace!the!criminal!justice!process.!Criminal!charges!may!still!
be!needed!in!serious!traffic!accidents!to!hold!perpetrators!accountable!for!their!actions!and!protect!the!
public.! Restorative! justice! aims! to! address! the! harm! inflicted! by! crime! in! a! more! comprehensive,!
community-focused!way.!It!can!be!used!as!a!complementary!approach!to!criminal!justice.!
Traffic!accidents!are!criminal!offenses!and!are!regulated!in!Article!310!paragraphs!(2),!(3),!and!
(4)!of!L aw!No.!22!of!2009!concerning!traffic!and!road!transportation.!Before!promulgated!the!Road!
Traffic!and!Transport!Law,!traffic!accidents!were!only!regarded!as!private!matters.!The!Road!Traffic!and!
Transport! Law! is! considered! a! legal! breakthrough! because! it! places! traffic! accidents,! which! were!
previously!only!considered!as!negligence!(culpa),!as!a!criminal!offense/crime!that!must!be!enforced!by!
public!law.!In!public!law,!in!this!case,!criminal!law,!any!problems!that!arise!will!be!handed!over!to!the!
state!through!the!judicial!system!for!its!resolution.!The!settlement!process!in!the!criminal!justice!system!
does!not!involve!perpetrators!or!victims.!Both!the!victim!and!the!perpetrator!play!a!minor!role,!and!
there!is!no!space!available!for!the!perpetrator!and!victim!to!find!more!personalized!justice.!
Victims!feel!the!impact!of!traffic!accidents!and!their!families!and!the! surrounding!environment.!
People!are!forced!to!witness!the!injustices!and!crimes!that!take!place!in!their!neighborhoods.!These!
people!can!be!involved!if!the!victim!of!a!traffic!accident!experiences!psychological,!physical,!or!social!
problems!as!a!result!of!the!accident.!Therefore,!traffic!accident!cases!need!to!involve!the!public!in!their!
resolution.! Intensive! and! comprehensive! resolution! of! traffic! accident! cases! focuses! on! victims,!
perpetrators,!and!their!families!and!on!people!directly!affected!by!accidents!(Primasari!2007).!!
According! to! Marshall! (1996),! the! definition! of! restorative! justice! has! been! modified! with!
participation!from!perpetrators,!victims,!families,!and!communities.!Marshall!argues!that!the!restorative!
justice!approach!is!a!method!of!solving!criminal!cases!involving!all!parties!involved!to!ultimately!reach!
a!settlement! and!peace!in!dealing!with!events!that!occur!after!the!crime!and!finding!ways!to!deal!with!it!
in!the!future!(Marshall!1996).!The!use!of!restorative!justice!is!a!new!paradigm!in!dealing!with!crime.!
According!to! Yarn!(2023),!restorative!justice!emphasizes!the!pain!or!loss!experienced!by!the!victim!
more!than!the!perpetrator's!punishment.!Car!accident!victims!do!not!get!anything!from!the!punishment!
imposed!on!the!perpetrator.!!
The!idea!of!restorative!justice!is!a!method!of!resolving!violations!of!the!law!by!bringing!victims!
and!perpetrators!together!in!a!meeting!so!that!they!can!have!a!voice.!Instead!of!emphasizing!how!the!
perpetrator!should!be!held!accountable!for!the!crimes!that!have!been!committed!and!how!the!victim!
can!be!restored!to!their!original!condition,!restorative!justice!prioritizes!how!the!perpetrator!can!be!
held!accountable!for!the!crimes!that!have!been!committed.!The!main!goal!of!restorative!justice!is!to!
create!a!fair!trial,!but!it!is!also!anticipated!that!all!parties,!including!perpetrators,!victims,!and!society,!
will!play!a!significant!role!in!the!process.!The!victim!is!entitled!to!compensation!agreed!upon!by!the!
perpetrator!and!is!expected!to!compensate!the!loss!or!suffering!suffered!by!the!victim!in!proportion!to!
the!suffering!experienced.!!!
In! addition,! it! is! hoped! that! the! perpetrator! will! admit! his! guilt! through! restorative! justice.!
Mediation,! victim-perpetrator! mediation,! reparations,! family! group! meetings,! victim-perpetrator!
International$Journal$of$Social$Service$and$Research!! https://ijssr.ridwaninstitute.co.id/!
IJSSR$Page!3090!
groups,! and! victim! awareness! are! examples! of! restorative! justice! resolution! techniques.! The! basic!
principle!of!restorative!justice! is! encouraging!joint!participation! between!perpetrators,! victims,!and!
community! groups! to! resolve! an! event! or! criminal! act.! Perpetrators,! victims,! and! communities! are!
positioned!as!stakeholders!who!directly!seek!solutions!that!are!considered!fair!to!all!parties.!
Restorative!justice!is!used!in!criminal!cases!involving!children!as!perpetrators,!but!nowadays,!
there!is!often!discussion!about!the!use!of!restorative!justice!in!cases!of!fatal!traffic!accidents.!!This!raises!
some!problems.!First,!there!is!the!concern!that!perpetrators!will!act!arbitrarily!because!they!believe!that!
they!can!compensate!the!accident!victim!or!their!family,!allowing!them!to!repeat!their!actions!in!the!
future!because!the!punishment!they!received!does!not!deter!them.!Secondly,!if!there!is!peace!between!
the! parties! before! the! legal! process,! can! the! perpetrators! not! be! prosecuted?! This! raises! concerns!
because!it!can!result!in!the!absence!of!legal!certainty.!When!restorative!justice!is!applied!in!the!case!of!
traffic!accidents,!these!two!issues!often!lead!to!ambiguity.!
Conversely,! given! the! limitations! of! criminal! law! in! dealing! with! crime,! it! will! cause! more!
problems.!According!to!Barda!Nawawi!Arief,!the!nature/essence!and!purpose!of!criminal!law!itself!can!
be!a!factor!causing!its!limited!effectiveness!(Arief!2011).!The!current!legal!sanctions!do!not!serve!as!a!
remedy!to!address!the!cause!(source)!of!the!disease!and!also!contain!potentially!harmful!elements.!The!
police!generally!use!the!penal!mediation!method!to!resolve!traffic!accident!disputes!so!that!both!parties!
benefit!from!resolving!the!case!(Hairuddin!2016).!The!victim's!interests!are!not!affected!by!punishment!
of!a!personal!nature.!The!application!of!criminal!law!is!further!weakened!by!the!lack!of!types!of!criminal!
sanctions!regulated!in!the!traffic!and!road!transport!law.!The!Road!Traffic!and!Transport!Law!only!lists!
criminal!sanctions,!imprisonment,!and!fines!individually!or!collectively.!
Fairness,!according!to!John!Rawls,!is!defined!as!fairness,!which!includes!the!idea!that!free!and!
rational!people!should!be!placed!on!an!equal!footing!when!advancing!their!interests!should!be!placed!
on! an! equal! footing! when! they! started,! and! that! this! is! a! necessary! condition! for! them! to! join! the!
organization!they!want!to!join.!Join!the!group!they!want!(Sutrisno!2007).!Thus,!if!the!existing!order!can!
be! accepted! by! all! individuals! fairly! through! sincere! acceptance! of! all! existing! order! by! all! groups,!
classes,! races,! ethnicities,! and! religions! without! pressure,! then! the! existing! order! is! automatically!
transformed!into!just.!
When! efforts! to! apply! restorative! justice! prioritize! the! interests! of! perpetrators! over! the!
interests!of!victims,!the!debate!about!its!application!in!cases!of!traffic!accidents!resulting!in!fatalities!has!
become! increasingly! raised.! ! Public! perceptions! are! skewed! towards! the! application! of! restorative!
justice.!Then,!the!community!debated!the!advantages!and!disadvantages!of!using!restorative!justice!to!
solve!criminal!cases!of!traffic!accidents.!!The!pro!opinion!states!that!because!the!factors!causing!traffic!
accidents! are! usually! due! to! accidents! or! negligence,! imprisoning! the! perpetrator! will! be! a! very!
burdensome!punishment.!!On!the!other!hand,!opposing!viewpoints!argue!that!victims!of!traffic!accidents!
and!the!punishment!meted!out!to!perpetrators!have!fulfilled!the!sense!of!justice.!Therefore,!in!using!the!
interpretation!of!accident!principles!must!be!seen!from!the!point!of!view!of!victims!and!perpetrators!of!
traffic!accidents!before!applying!restorative!justice!to!traffic!accident!cases!classified!as!criminal!acts.!
The!concept!of!restorative!justice!emerged!in!response!to!the!negative!impact!of!repressive!and!
coercive! criminal! sanctions,! as! described! by! Hulsman.! This! idea! has! gained! recognition! in! various!
countries,!including!Indonesia,!and!has!been!applied!to!several!cases!of!traffic!accidents!resulting!in!
fatalities.! Although! Law! Number! 22! of! 2009! concerning! Road! Traffic! and! Transport! has! regulated!
criminal!sanctions!for!motorists!whose!negligence!results!in!fatalities,!victims!in!traffic!accidents!also!
need!attention.!In!the!discipline!of!victimology!that!addresses!the!issue!of!victims!in!all!aspects,!including!
their!rights!and!obligations!in!the!Criminal!Justice!System,!some!cases!are!resolved!through!the!active!
participation! of! victims,! perpetrators,! and! the! community! in! relation! to! law! enforcement! officials.!
Customary!law!and!conflict!resolution!mechanisms!of!the!Moi!Tribe!are!also!relevant!to!the!concept!of!
restorative!justice!as!they!emphasize!community!involvement!and!consensus-building.!
International$Journal$of$Social$Service$and$Research,!
Ryo!Thunder!Triatmoko
1
,!Ramlani!Lina!Sinaulan
2
,!Yuhelson
3%
IJSSR$Page!3091!
In!the!event!of!imposing!criminal!sanctions,!customary!settlement!is!required!in!Sorong!City.!In!
criminal!cases,!indigenous!peoples!or!Moi!customary!chiefs!can!review!settlements!in!litigation!or!out!
of!court.!In!addition,!if!the!offender!refuses!to!comply!with!the!sentence! of!confinement,!Moi's!customary!
law!can!serve!as!a!subsidiary!or!substitute!for!the!main!issue,!such!as!a!fine!in!lieu!of!the!sentence!of!
confinement.!The!Moi!sacrifice!and!chief!determine!the!fine!amount,!which!can!be!paid!with!pigs,!dishes,!
urns,!or!other!items!of!the!traditional!economy!of!the!Moi!tribe.!
The!Moi!people!follow!customary!law!as!a!code!of!conduct,!which!is!crucial!in!resolving!disputes.!
Indigenous! peoples! who! are! perpetrators! in! criminal! cases! must! pay! material! damages,! usually! in!
monetary!terms,!as!part!of!the!mediation!process.!The!criminal!case!is!considered!over!after!the!victim!
receives!payment!when! they!withdraw!the! police!report.! As!long!as! the!victim's! request!to! pay!the!
customary!fine!is!met,!the!Moi!community!is!happy!with!the!customary!law!procedure.!Implementing!
customary!law!has!advantages,!such!as!deterring!potential!violators!and!providing!a!sense!of!justice!to!
victims.! In! applying! Moi! customary! sanctions! or! fines,! the! process! is! generally! the! same! for! tribes!
belonging!to!different!clans.!The!traditional!chief!will!bring!together!both!parties!to!make!peace.!
In!that!case,!criminal!cases!are!then!dealt!with!in!accordance!with!the!relevant!national!law!after!
customary!law!is!applied.!The!outcome!of!a!customary!law!settlement!can!be!a!guideline!or!factor!in!a!
court!decision!if!the!case!goes!to!court.!The!Sorong!City!Resort!Police!works!closely!with!indigenous!
communities!in!the!area,!especially!the!Moi!indigenous!people,!to!solve!criminal!cases!in!Sorong!City!
using!customary!approach!methods.!T he!Sorong!City!Resort!Police! cooperates!with!litigants!(customary!
institutions)!or!indigenous!peoples!involved!in!minor!criminal!cases.!This!procedure!includes!receiving!
reports,! calling! parties! and! witnesses,! conducting! discussions,! and! making! decisions.! Leaders! of!
customary!institutions!or!Indigenous!Peoples!concerned!are!also!involved.!
In!the!case!of!traffic!accidents,!customary!law!can!also!apply,!especially!in!rural!areas!where!
traditional!norms!and!practices!are!still!dominant.!On!the!other!hand,!customary!law!can!be!complex!
and!differ!from!national!law,!creating!ambiguity!and!uncertainty!for!perpetrators!and!victims.!In!Sorong!
Regency,!those!who!cause!accidents!must!compensate!victims!or!victims'!families!based!on!customary!
law.! However,! they! can! still! be! held! criminally! liable! under! national! law! despite! an! obligation! to!
indemnify.!This!gives!rise!to!counterarguments!where!those!who!commit!traffic!offenses!may!believe!
they!are!being!unfairly!punished!even!though!they!have!fulfilled!their!obligation!to!provide!damages.!
Serious!injury!or!even!death!from!a!traffic!accident!can!lead!to!criminal!charges!under!several!
laws!and!regulations,!including!Law!No.!22!of!2009!on!Road!Traffic!and!Transport!and!the!Criminal!Code!
(KUHP).!In!such!situations,!the!offender!can!be!punished!with!fines!and!imprisonment,!which!in!some!
cases!may!seem!unfair,!especially!if!the!offender!has!compensated!the!victim!or!the!victim's!family.!Given!
these!difficulties,!there!is!increasing!interest!in!researching!restorative!justice!strategies!to!deal!with!
traffic!accidents.!!
To! find! a! resolution! that! satisfies! the! needs! of! both! parties,! restorative! justice! focuses! on!
repairing! the! damage! caused! by! crime! and! involves! direct! communication! between! victim! and!
perpetrator.!This!strategy!can! be!especially!helpful!in!collision!situations!where!there!may!be!a!need! for!
ongoing!support!and!rehabilitation!due!to!the!potential!for!severe!emotional!impact!on!both!parties.!
One!alternative!strategy!is!restorative!justice,!which!aims!to!repair!the!damage!caused!by!transgressions!
and!repair!the!bonds!between!the!parties!involved.!This!strategy!can!result!in!a!fairer!and!more!feasible!
settlement!for!all!parties,!including!victims,!victims'!families,!and!perpetrators.!
In! general,! traffic! accidents! involve! various! legal! systems! and! cultural! norms,! and! it! is! still!
difficult! to!find!a!fair!and!appropriate!solution!to!the!harm!caused!by!these!accidents.!Restorative!justice!
may!be!a!promising! avenue,!but!more!research!and!testing!are!needed!to!understand!its!potential!in!this!
situation.!Customary!law!and!restorative!justice!can!be!complementary!mechanisms!to!resolve!conflicts!
and! advance! justice! in! Sorong! Regency! and! beyond,! while! national! laws! and! regulations! provide! a!
framework!for!dealing!with!traffic!accidents.!
International$Journal$of$Social$Service$and$Research!! https://ijssr.ridwaninstitute.co.id/!
IJSSR$Page!3092!
CONCLUSION)
From! the! study! results,! it! can! be! concluded! that! direct! involvement! between! perpetrators,!
victims,!and!the!community!in!solving!criminal!cases!is!emphasized!in!the!restorative!justice!approach.!
Criminal!acts!involving!traffic!accidents!can!be!resolved!in! accordance!with!the!principles!of!restorative!
justice.!Because!it!serves!the!interests!of!victims!and!perpetrators!based!on!two!perspectives!(victims!
and!perpetrators)!in!terms!of!accident!crimes,!the!use!of!restorative!justice!is!essential.!The!application!
of!restorative!justice!in!solving!criminal!cases!that!prioritizes!the!interests!of!victims!and!perpetrators!
in! finding!solutions!to! crimes! and! their!consequences! has!been!outlined! in! a! circular! issued!by!the!
Indonesian!National!Police.!!The!traditional!dynamic!between!local!communities!and!their!governments!
in!fighting!crime!can!be!changed!by!using!restorative!justice!in!cases!involving!accidents.!Customary!
institutions!are!still!often!used!in!Sorong!City!by!local!communities!to!resolve!conflicts,!but!Law!No.!
22/2009! on! Traffic! and! Road! Transport! has! stipulated! the! threat! of! criminal! penalties! for! those!
responsible!for!traffic!accidents.!Therefore,!the!police!had!to!investigate!the!traffic!accident!even!if!the!
victim's!family!decided!not!to!prosecute.!Restorative!justice!offers!different!viewpoints!on!how!to!deal!
with!crime!and!its!impact!on!victims,!perpetrators,!and!society.!The!Moi!indigenous!people!in!Sorong!
City!have!their!own!customary!law!system!that!prioritizes!the!principles!of!kinship!and!negotiation!to!
reach!mutually!beneficial!agreements!in!criminal!cases,!especially!those!involving!traffic!accidents.!The!
Moi!culture!has!created!several!mechanisms,!such!as!"kalak!foo"!and!"bless!tea",!to!resolve!disputes!in!
their!social!and!cultural!life.!Traditional!methods!are!still!important!as!representations!of!Moi!culture!
and!history,!although!their!popularity!is!declining!in!urban!areas.!To!represent!indigenous!peoples!in!
external!relations!involving!indigenous!interests,!the!Malamoi!Indigenous!Peoples'!Council!manages!and!
resolves! customary! customs! and! customary! law! issues.! In! Sorong! City,! a! customary! settlement! is!
required!to!impose!a!criminal!sentence,!and!a!criminal!case!is!considered!completed!when!the!victim!
has!received!compensation.!The!Moi!community!generally!favors!the!customary!law!process!because!it!
provides!a!sense!of!justice!for!victims!and!deters!potential!perpetrators.!If!the!matter!is!brought!to!court,!
the!conclusion!of!a!customary!law!settlement!can!be!used!as!a!precedent!or!as!a!determining!factor!by!
the!court.!To!solve!criminal!cases!in!Sorong!City!using!traditional!techniques,!the!Sorong!City!Resort!
Police!works!closely!with!local!indigenous!people,!especially!the!Moi!indigenous!people.!
!
REFERENCES)
Ahmad!M,!Zainol!A,!Darus!NM,!Marzuki!Z,!Baharom!F.!2011.!A!conceptual!framework!of!tacit!knowledge!
transfer!for!problem!based!learning!teaching!method!in!system!analysis!and!design!course.!Di!
dalam:!2011"IEEE"Conference"on"Open"Systems.!IEEE.!hlm.!42–46.!
April! K,! Schrader! SW,! Walker! TE,! Francis! RM,! Glynn! H,! Gordon! DM.! 2023.! Conceptualizing! juvenile!
justice!reform:!Integrating!the!public!health,!social!ecological,!and!restorative!justice!models.!
Child"Youth"Serv"Rev.!148.doi:10.1016/J.CHILDYOUTH.2023.106887.!!
Arief!BN.!2011.!Bunga!Rampai!Kebijakan!Hukum!Pidana:(Perkembangan!Penyusunan! Konsep!KUHP!
Baru).!
van!Barligen!M.!2015.!Interim!Evaluation!Restorative!Mediation.!
Chand! A,! Jayesh! S,! Bhasi! AB.! 2021.! Road! traffic! accidents:! An! overview! of! data! sources,! analysis!
techniques! and! contributing! factors.! Mater" Today" Proc.! 47:5135–
5141.doi:10.1016/J.MATPR.2021.05.415.!!
Gerson!JC.!2022.!Restorative!Justice!and! Alternative! Systems.!Encyclopedia"of"Violence,"Peace,"&"Conflict:"
Volume"1-4,"Third"Edition.!4:125–136.doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-820195-4.00161-8.!!
Hairuddin!A.!2016.!LEGALITAS!PENYIDIK!POLRI!PADA!PENYELESAIAN!PERKARA!KECELAKAAN!LALU!
LINTAS.!LEX"ET"SOCIETATIS.!4(6).doi:10.35796/les.v4i6.12537.!
Hobson!J,!Payne!B.!2022.!Building!restorative!justice!services:!Considerations!on!top-down!and!bottom-
up!approaches.!Int"J"Law"Crime"Justice.!71.doi:10.1016/J.IJLCJ.2022.100555.!!
International$Journal$of$Social$Service$and$Research,!
Ryo!Thunder!Triatmoko
1
,!Ramlani!Lina!Sinaulan
2
,!Yuhelson
3%
IJSSR$Page!3093!
Hotmaulana!Hutauruk!R.!2013.!Penanggulangan!Kejahatan!Korporasi!Melalui!Pendekatan!Restoratif.!
Jakarta:"Sinar"Grafika.!
Hulsman! LHC.! 1998.! Selamat! Tinggal! Hukum! Pidana! Menuju! Swa! Regulasi,! diterjemahkan! oleh!
Wonosusanto.!Di!dalam:!Forum"(Surakarta:"Studi"Hukum"Pidana).!
Kirkwood! S.! 2022.! A! practice! framework! for! restorative! justice.! Aggress" Violent" Behav.!
63.doi:10.1016/J.AVB.2021.101688.!!
Krehic!L.! 2023.!Safety!first?!The!effect!of!studded!tyres!on! traffic!accidents! and!local!air!pollution.!J"
Environ"Econ"Manage.!121.doi:10.1016/J.JEEM.2023.102851.!!
Lee!Y.!2023.!Finding!trace!evidence!through!scope!reduction!and!applying!its!straightforwardness!in!
traffic! accident! investigation.! Forensic" Science" International:" Reports.!
7.doi:10.1016/J.FSIR.2023.100315.!!
Liebmann!M.!2007.!Restorative"justice:"How"it"works.!Jessica!Kingsley!Publishers.!
Manan!B,!Abdurahman!A,!Susanto!M.!2021.!Pembangunan!Hukum!Nasional!Yang!Religius:!Konsepsi!Dan!
Tantangan! Dalam! Negara! Berdasarkan! Pancasila.! Jurnal" Bina" Mulia" Hukum.! 5(2):176–
195.doi:10.23920/jbmh.v5i2.303.!
Marder!ID.!2022.!Mapping!restorative!justice!and!restorative!practices!in!criminal!justice!in!the!Republic!
of!Ireland.!Int"J"Law"Crime"Justice.!70:100544.doi:10.1016/J.IJLCJ.2022.100544.!!
Marshall!TF.!1996.!The!evolution!of!restorative!justice!in!Britain.!Eur."J."on"Crim."Pol’y"&"Rsch.!4:21.!
Mohammad! T,! Gearhart! MC.! 2021.! “The! law! is! the! law”:! The! Malaysian! police! readiness! for! the!
implementation! of! restorative! policing.! Int" J" Law" Crime" Justice.!
67.doi:10.1016/J.IJLCJ.2021.100505.!!
Molovcáková!N,!Adamová!V,!Šoltés!V.!2021.!Analysis!of!Traffic!Accidents!in!Selected!Period!in!the!Žilina!
Region! and! proposal! of! Security! Measures.! Transportation" Research" Procedia.! 55:1585–
1592.doi:10.1016/J.TRPRO.2021.07.147.!!
Muladi!A,!Sutrisni!ST,!Lestari!S,!Suminar!S.!2023.!Tingkat!Keamanan!Lingkungan!Terhadap!Risiko!Jatuh!
pada!Lansia!Di!Panti!Werdha!Dharma!Bhakti!Surakarta.!Khatulistiwa"Nursing"Journal.!5(1):18–
25.doi:10.53399/knj.v5i1.204.!
Prayitno!K.!2012.!restorative!justice!untuk!peradilan!di!Indonesia!(perspektif!yuridis!filosofis!dalam!
penegakan! hukum! In! concreto).! Jurnal" dinamika" hukum.! 12(3):407–
420.doi:10.20884/1.jdh.2012.12.3.116.!
Primasari!L.!2007.!MODEL!PENYELESAIAN!PERKARA!KECELAKAAN!LALU!LINTAS!(STUDI!KASUS!DI!
KEPOLISIAN! DAERAH! JAWA! TENGAH).! Yustisia" Jurnal" Hukum.!
3(2).doi:10.20961/yustisia.v3i2.11092.!
Rajasekaran!RB,!Rajasekaran!S,!Vaishya!R.!2021.!The!role!of!social!advocacy!in!reducing!road!traffic!
accidents!in!India.!J"Clin"Orthop"Trauma.!12(1):2–3.doi:10.1016/J.JCOT.2020.12.021.!!
Rona!M,!Safa’at!R,!Madjid!A,!Fadli!M.!2020.!Restorative!Justice!In!The!Settlement!Of!Traffic!Accident!
Causing!Death!Toll!According!To!The!Perspective!Of!Customary!Judiciary!In!Sanggau!District,!
West!Kalimantan.!Yustisia"Jurnal"Hukum.!9(1):139–151.doi:10.20961/yustisia.v9i1.39351.!
Semekto!A.!2006.!Kajian!Hukum!Antara!Studi!Normatif!dan!Keilmuan.!Jurnal"Hukum"Progresif.!2(2):66.!
Soekanto!S.!1984.!Inventarisasi!dan!analisa!terhadap!perundang-undangan!lalu!lintas.!
Sutrisno!E.!2007.!Bunga"rampai"hukum"&"globalisasi.!Genta!Press.!
Utomo! W,! Isnaini! H,! Suhartono! S,! Isnaeni! M.! 2019.! The! Position! of! Honorary! Council! of! Notary! in!
Coaching!Indonesian!Notaries.!JL"Pol’y"&"Globalization.!92:126.!
Yang! C,! Jiang! J,! Zhou! J,! Hitosug! M,! Wang! Z.! 2023.! Traffic! safety! and! public! health! in! China! –! Past!
knowledge,! current! status,! and! future! directions.! Accid" Anal" Prev.!
192.doi:10.1016/J.AAP.2023.107272.!!
Yarn!DH.!2023.!Evolution!and!dueling!dispute!processing.!Evolution"and"Human"Behavior.!44(3):272–
277.doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2023.02.007.!
International$Journal$of$Social$Service$and$Research!! https://ijssr.ridwaninstitute.co.id/!
IJSSR$Page!3094!
Yuliana! S.! 2020.! Pelanggaran! Lalu! Lintas! Oleh! Anak-Anak! Di! Bawah! Umur! Di! Desa! Simpang! Rimba!
Kabupaten!Bangka!Selatan.!Justici.!12(2):44–54.!
!!
Copyright$holder:$
Ryo!Thunder!Triatmoko,!Ramlani!Lina!Sinaulan,!Yuhelson!(2023)
%
$
First$publication$rights:$
International!Journal!of!Social!Service!and!Research!(IJSSR)!
$
This$article$is$licensed$under:$
$
$
!
!
!
!
