!
Attribution-!ShareAlike!4.0!International!(CC!BY!
SA!4.0)!
!
Vol.!03,!No.!11,!November!2023!
e"-"ISSN$:!2807-8691$|$p-"ISSN$:!2807-839X"
!
$
IJSSR$Page!2965
!""#$%&&'()*(+,&-.*/0122&)3$$+*45)--*0.67
This%work%is%licensed%under%a%Attribution-ShareAlike%4.0%International%(CC%BY-SA%4.0)
Systematic*Literature*Review*Management*
Implementation*Of*The*Hyflex*Learning*Model*During*The*
Pandemic*
!
Grace$Kartika$Purnama
1
,$Mawardi
2
,$Marinu$Waruwu
3
$
Universitas!Kristen!Satya!Wacana,!Indonesia
1,2,3%
Email:![email protected]
1
,![email protected]sw.edu
2
,!marinu.waruwu@uksw.edu
3%
Keywords)
)
ABSTRACT)
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)
!
)
INTRODUCTION)
During!the!COVID-19!pandemic,!educational!institutions!have!tried!to!adapt!by!implementing!
online! learning! to! limit! physical! interactions! within! schools.! Keshavarz! (2020)! stated! that! the! main!
advantage!of!online!education!is!that!it!makes!it!possible!to!reach!students!from!various!parts!of!the!
world! so! that! knowledge! can! continue! even! though! learning! cannot! be! done! physically.! In! online!
education,!adequate!technological!resources,!such!as!cell!phones,!laptops,!or!computers!connected!to!
the!Internet,!are!needed.!The!teaching!and!learning!process!also!uses!various!applications!such!as!Zoom,!
WhatsApp,! Google! Meet,! Google! Drive,! Google! Form,! Google! Classroom,! YouTube,! etc.! (Anugrahana,!
2020)!as!communication!and!interaction!tools,!delivering!learning,!and!giving!assignments!to!students.!
However,!during!online!learning,!various!problems!were!also!discovered.!At!the!end!of!April!2020,!the!
Indonesian! Child! Protection! Commission! (KPAI)! received! 246! complaints! regarding! difficulties! for!
students!and!parents!during!online!learning!(Mulyana!et!al.,!2020).!These!complaints!contain!obstacles!
such!as!excessive!workload,!one-way!learning,!problems!with!learning!hours,!the!exact!education!costs!
even!though!the!burden!of!knowledge!is!deferred!to!parents,!limited!internet!and!device!quotas,!and!
difficulties!in!allocating!parents'!time!to!accompany!their!children!to!study.!Parents!experience!these!
online!learning!obstacles!and!impact!various!educational!parties.!
Of!the!various!problems!that!arise!during!online!learning,!many!students!and!their!parents!hope!
that!schools!can!return!to!face-to-face!learning.!This!is!also!because!students!have!different!learning!
International$Journal$of$Asian$Education$,!
Grace!Kartika!Purnama
1
,!Mawardi
2
,!Marinu!Waruwu
3!
IJSSR$Page!2966!
styles!and!personalities,!so!not!all!students!can!learn!optimally!through!online!learning!(Keshavarz!&!
Hulus,!2019).!Educational!institutions!such!as!universities!also!need!help!determining!whether!students!
should!participate!in!on-campus!learning!or!continue!learning!online!(Miller!et!al.,!2021).!Coupled!with!
the! decreasing! number! of! COVID-19! cases,! this! provides! space! and! opportunities! for! students! and!
teachers!to!carry!out!face-to-face!learning,!which!still!needs!to!be!improved!(Fikrianoor!et!al.,!2021).!
But!on!the!other!hand,!online! education!has!also!provided!various!benefits!and!has!become!a!new!habit!
for!several!people.!(Winandi,!2020).!Keshavarz!(2020)!stated!that!the!way!out!of!this!post-pandemic!
learning!dilemma!is! to!modify!blended!learning,!which!is!carried!out!in!hybrid!form.!Keshavarz!(2020)!
also!noted!that!the!main!advantage!of!this!modified!model!for!students!is!the!diversity!and!versatility!of!
face-to-face!and!online!learning.!
Similar! to! the! description! of! the! model! proposed! by! Keshavarz,! there! is! a! learning! model!
developed! by! Beatty! (2019),! namely! HyFlex! or! Hybrid! Flexible.! HyFlex! combines! online! and! offline!
learning!in!one!teaching!class,!allowing!students!to!choose!the!mode!of!participation!that!best!suits!their!
needs!(Beatty,!2019;!Wilson!&!Alexander,!2021).!Additionally,!Detyna!et!al.!(2023)!predict!that!HyFlex!
can!play! an!essential! role! in! education! after!the! COVID-19! pandemic,!such! as!providing! learning! for!
students!remotely!while!providing!learning!for!face-to-face!students.!Birgili!et!al.!(2021)!also!argue!that!
HyFlex!will!become!more!widespread!with!the!current!development.!
With!the!diverse!learning!needs!of!students,!school!management!needs!to!obtain!information!
about!HyF lex,!which!can!be!the!answer!to! these!learning!needs!so!that!schools!can!plan!better!and!more!
maturely.! Moreover,! HyFlex! is! currently! still! relatively! new! and! rarely! implemented! (Kohnke! &!
Moorhouse,!2021)!and!apart!from!that,!HyFlex!has!not!yet!been!explored!much!in!research!because!
there!is!still!little!research!on!HyFlex!(Heilporn!&!Lakhal,!2021).!Because!there!still!needs!to!be!more!
knowledge!about!HyFlex,!we!need!an!overview!of!how!school!management!carries!out!its!management!
functions!in!implementing!the!HyFlex!learning!model!from!various!practices!and!scenarios!carried!out!
as!references.!Therefore,!this!research!applies!to!a!Systematic!Literature!Review.!
Thus,!this!research!applying!Systematic!Literature!Review!is!deemed!appropriate!to!achieve!this!
research's!objectives.!It!is!hoped!that!this!research!can!benefit!school!management!by!providing!various!
practical!descriptions!of!the!HyFlex!learning!model!from!different!educational!institutions!in!various!
parts!of!the!world.!
!
METHODS)
The!type! of! research!in! this! study!is! a! Systematic!Literature! Review!(SLR)! with! a!qualitative!
research!approach!that! discusses!the!application!of!the!HyFlex!learning!model! during!the!pandemic.!
Several!steps!need!to!be!taken!in!conducting!SLR!research,!namely!planning,!working,!and!reporting!
(Wahono,!2015).!
1. Planning!
At! the! planning! stage,! researchers! formulate! research! needs! for! systematic! studies! and!
formulate!problems!to!discuss!in!this!research.!The!components!in!planning!are:!(1)!exploring!the!
background! of! SLR! research! needs,! (2)! formulating! research! questions,! (3)! determining! search!
terms! according! to! the! research! topic,! (3)! creating! article! selection! criteria,! namely! inclusion!
criteria,!(4)!carrying!out!a!checklist!quality!and!procedures,!(5)!planning!data!extraction!strategies,!
and!(6)!planning!data!synthesis!strategies.!
2. Conducting!
At! the! conducting! or! implementation! stage,! the! steps! that! will! be! taken! are! as! follows:! (1)!
identifying!relevant!literature!according!to!the!research!topic,!(2)!selecting!the!primary!research,!
namely!data!that!best!fits! the!inclusion!criteria!that!have!been!created,!(3!)!carry!out!data!extraction!
by!downloading!articles,!(4)!assess!the!quality!of!research!by!looking!at!the!journal!index,!and!(5)!
International$Journal$of$Social$Service$and$Research!! https://ijssr.ridwaninstitute.co.id/!
IJSSR$Page!2967!
carry!out!a!synthesis!of!all!the!data!that!has!been!collected!and!adjust!it!to!the!research!questions!
that!have!been!determined.!
3. Reporting!
After!carrying!out!the!conducting!stage,!the!researcher!carries!out!the!reporting!stage,!which!
consists! of! activities! (1)! writing! SLR! research! from! the! data! that! has! been! collected! and! by! the!
research!questions!and!(2)!choosing!the!right!journal!to!publish!the!results!of!this!research!so!that!
this!research!can!be!helpful!for!a!wider!audience.!
!
RESULTS)
Search! results! data! shows! that! Google! Scholar! offers! the! highest! number! of! articles,! namely!
1,736!articles,!ERIC!with!350!pieces,!then!Springer!with!163!pieces,!Francis!&!Taylor!with!59!articles,!
ScienceDirect!with!32!articles,!SAGE!Journal!with!18!articles,!Emerald!with!16!articles.!Articles:!Wiley!
totals!16!articles,!Mendeley!totals!11!articles,!and!Oxford!totals!6!articles.!Apart!from!that,!from!search!
results!using!Indonesian!keywords,!only!Google!Scholar!displays!16!national!journal!articles,!while!other!
data!sources!still!need!national!journal!articles!on!the!topic!of! H yFlex.!The!articles!that!have!been!found!
are!then!filtered!through!3!stages.!The!first!stage!was!selection!through!research!titles;!221!articles! were!
screened!at!this!stage.!After!that,!the!second!selection!stage!was!carried!out!by!reading!the!research!
abstract.!In!the!second!stage,!100!papers!were!filtered.!The!third!stage!was!carried!out!by!reading!the!
contents!of!the!research!articles,!and!at!this!stage,!50!articles!were!selected,!which!are!displayed!in!Table!
1.!
$
Table$1.$List$of$articles$studied$
No.$
Data$source$
Research$Title$
Year$
Scopus$
-* 7
89:;7
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International$Journal$of$Asian$Education$,!
Grace!Kartika!Purnama
1
,!Mawardi
2
,!Marinu!Waruwu
3!
IJSSR$Page!2968!
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International$Journal$of$Asian$Education$,!
Grace!Kartika!Purnama
1
,!Mawardi
2
,!Marinu!Waruwu
3!
IJSSR$Page!2970!
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!
Based!on!the!data!above,!the!study!articles!consist!of!43!journal!articles!and!seven!conference!
articles.!The!data!above!also!shows!that!the!data!consists!of!2!national!and !48!international!articles.!The!
percentage!of!national!articles!is!only!4%!of!the!total,!and!the!rate!of!international!articles!is!96%.!This!
finding!shows!that!more!research!still!needs!to!be!conducted!on!the!HyFlex!learning!model!in!Indonesia.!
Number$of$Research$Based$on$Educational$Level$
Based!on!the!article!data!studied,! data! was! found! regarding! the! number! of! educational!units!
implementing!the!HyFlex!learning!model!during!the!pandemic.!
!
!
Figure$1.$Percentage$of$education$levels$using$HyFlex$
The!data!findings!above!show!thatusingf!the!HyFlex!learning!model!is!more!common!at!higher!
education!or!university!levels,!with!data!from!43!research!journals!or!86%.!Next!is!the!level!of!others!or!
not!specifically!mentioned!at!4%!or!5!articles.!The!percentage!of!articles!at!the!elementary!school!level!
is!only!4%!or!two!articles.!Meanwhile,!more!was!needed!for!middle!and!high!school!levels.!
Discussion$
The!analysis!of!the!number!of!articles!based!on!educational!level!found!that!the!HyFlex!learning!
model!was!applied!chiefly!at!the!university!or!higher!education!level.!Rosen!(2021)!states!that!HyFlex!
is! a! learning! model! that! utilizes! digital! technology! to! help! adult! learners! to! help! students! meet! the!
demands!of!their!lives!by!providing!greater!control!over!their!learning.!Imran!(2023)!also!added!that!in!
the!HyFlex! context,! students! must!understand!what! must! be!done!to! achieve! learning!objectives,!so!
independence!is!needed!to!participate!in!learning.!Apart!from!that,!students!must!be!able!to!manage!
themselves.!As!stated!by!Beatty!(2019),!students!who!take!part!in!the!HyFlex!learning!model!must!have!
good! self-management! because! they! must! make! decisions! regarding! the! mode! of! participation! they!
choose! to! participate! in! the! learning.! Because! university! students! are! considered! mature! enough,!
independent,!and!responsible,!many!universities!apply!the!HyFlex!learning!model.!
Based! on! research! results,! planning! is! one! of! the! keys! to! successfully! implementing! HyFlex.!
According! to! Nelson! et! al.! (2022),! HyFlex! learning! offers! flexibility! for! students,! and! with! careful!
planning,! students! from! any! mode! can! be! well! involved! in! learning.! Athens! (2023)! also! stated! that!
teacher!preparation!before!implementing!HyFlex!is!essential,!especially!in!managing!learning!materials,!
providing!a!suitable!place,!developing!active!learning,!and!mastering!technology.!At!the!planning!stage,!
institutions!need!to!decide!what!modes!of!participation!will!be!offered.!Schools!also!consider!students'!
Others!
Elementar y!School!
University/education!
International$Journal$of$Social$Service$and$Research!! https://ijssr.ridwaninstitute.co.id/!
IJSSR$Page!2971!
learning!needs,!teacher!skills,!learning!media,! what!technological!tools!will!be!used,!teaching!methods,!
etc.,!to!support!all!modes!of!participation!that!will!be!followed!relatively!per!the!HyFlex!concept.!As!
stated!by!Beatty!(2019),!one!of!the!things!done!in!implementing!HyFlex!is!designing!and!developing!
learning! that! supports! multiple! student! modes! of! simultaneous! participation.! With! good! planning,!
learning!can!create!an!active,!innovative,!creative,!effective,!and!enjoyable!teaching!and!learning!process!
as!one!of!the!goals!of!learning!management!(Saifulloh!&!Darwis,!2020).!For!all!modes!of!participation.!
However,! Baker! (2022)! argues! that! HyFlex! is! perhaps! one! of! the! most! challenging! learning! models!
because! it! requires! careful! planning! before! implementation! so! that! students! in! the! three! different!
participation!modes!can!be!involved!equally,!teachers!are!familiar!with!the!technology!and!are!always!
aware!and!remember!to!always!focus!on!students'!learning!experiences.!HyFlex!requires!a!significant!
investment!of!time,!especially!for!designing!learning!activities!(Rutledge!et!al.,!2021).!Rosen!(2021)!even!
believes!that!planning!may!need!to!be!done!for!a!year!so!that!HyFlex!learning!runs!smoothly.!Therefo re,!
after!deciding!to!implement!HyFlex,!the!planning!stage! needs!to!be!carried!out!as!thoroughly!as!possible,!
and!the!entire!series!of!technological!tools,!software,! materials,! and! activities!in!the!HyFlex!learning!
system!before!implementation!so!that!the!benefits!and!learning!objectives!can!be!achieved!optimally.!
All! resources,! especially! the! learning! management! component,! which! consists! of! classroom!
management,! learning! materials,!activities,! time,! students,! learning!resources,! and!behavior! Muslich,!
2007!in!Rukajat,!(2018),!must!be!managed!well!so!that!learning!runs!conductively.!In!implementing!
HyFlex,!organizing!technology!in!the!classroom!is!crucial.!Imran!et!al.!(2023)!stated!that!technological!
support!is! essential! for!teachers!and!students!in! carrying! out! HyFlex!learning!because!it! can! reduce!
disturbances! that! may! occur! when! education! is! carried! out.! Baker! (2022)! also! reveals! that! the!
technology!used!in!HyFlex!must!be!as!reliable!and!straightforward!as!possible!to!be!easy!to!use.!Baker!
(2022)!added!that!the!technology!used!must!be!able!to!facilitate!collaboration!and!interaction!between!
online!and! offline!students,! so! it!must!be! ensured! that!students!can! clearly!hear! and! see!offline! and!
online!mode!participants.!Therefore,!it!is!unsurprising!that!technical!issues!regarding!video!and!audio!
quality!are!crucial!for!students.!Beatty!(2019)!states!that!one!of!the!roles!of!institutions!is!to!provide!a!
place!for!learning!equipped!with!the!technology!needed!to!support!learning!activities!such!as!lectures,!
discussions,!and!other!activities.!Thus,!the!technology! that! will! be! used! must! be! ensured! to!function!
correctly!and!meet!learning!needs!so!students!can!digest!the!material!presented!well.!
Based! on! the! research! results,! implementation! was! done! by! opening! two! to! three! modes! of!
participation:! face-to-face! and! online,! or! face-to-face,! synchronous! online,! and! asynchronous! online!
using!various!media.!With!the! different!participation!modes!offered,!students,!especially!adult!students,!
can!choose!according!to!their!circumstances,!needs,!and!preferences!(Stewart!&!Bishop,!2022).!Through!
HyFlex,!obstacles!to!class!attendance,!such!as!transportation,!time!conflicts,!and!the!need!for!assistance!
in!learning,!can!still!be!facilitated!(Beatty,!2019).!Synchronous!offline!and!online!learning!is!carried!out!
through!video!conferencing!applications.!In!contrast,!asynchronous!activities!are!carried!out!using!LSM,!
recorded!videos!or!live!broadcasts,!discussion!pages,!etc.,!which!are!also!participated!in!by!offline!and!
online! synchronous! students.! Sowell! et! al.! (2019)! stated! that! using! an! LMS! platform! consistently!
provides!or!delivers!class!content!for!all!participation!modes.!He!added!that!learning!recordings!could!
help!students!remember!and!understand!the!material!better!because!they!can!be!watched!repeatedly.!
Apart!from!LMS!and!recorded!videos,!many!other!media!used!in!HyFlex!can!still!be!explored!to!create!
effective!and!efficient!learning.!
The!implementation!of!the!supervisory!management!function!is!rare.!However,!from!research!
data,!the!teacher's!aim!in!conducting!evaluations!is!to!improve!the!performance!of!HyFlex!in!the!next!
class!and!to!see!the! extent! to!which!students!understand!the!material!that!has!been! presented.!This!
evaluation!includes!homework,!quizzes,! projects,!midterm,!and!final!exams.!The!frequency!and!form!of!
student!evaluation!also!influence!the!implementation!of!learning.!Chen!et!al.!(2023),!in!their!research!
on!HyFlex,!added!that!students!prefer!small!but!frequent!assessments,!such!as!quizzes,!because!they!can!
International$Journal$of$Asian$Education$,!
Grace!Kartika!Purnama
1
,!Mawardi
2
,!Marinu!Waruwu
3!
IJSSR$Page!2972!
reduce!stress!and!better!prepare!themselves!for!more!extensive!reviews.!Apart!from!the!material,!self-
evaluation!and!peer!evaluation!are!also!carried!out!as!a!form!of!supervision.!
The!research!results!concluded!six!challenges!in!implementing!the!HyFlex!learning!model.!First,!
technological!problems!are!caused!by!inadequate!devices,!low!audio,!and!video!quality!problems,!etc.!
By!Beatty's! (2019)!opinion,! it!is!a!challenge!that!institutions!and!students!will!face.!Beatty!(2019)!stated!
that! the! challenge! for! technology-related! institutions! is! to! provide! classes! that! are! equipped! with!
adequate!technology!so!that!it!is!possible!to!require!additional!financial!resources!to!meet!technological!
facilities.!However,!not!only!do!institutions!need!to!invest;!students,!especially!thos e!who!choose!online!
participation!modes,!need!to!have!appropriate!devices!for!online!learning!with!good!internet!networks!
and! digital! skills! (Beatty,! 2019).! So! that! obstacles! related! to! this! technology! can! be! prevented! and!
overcome.!
Second,! related! to! student! participation,! Beatty! (2019)! has! also! mentioned! that! one! of! the!
challenges! for! HyFlex! teachers! is! managing! student! participation! in! several! participation! modes!
simultaneously,!coupled!with!quite!complex!multi-modal! learning!techniques!and!the!use!of!technology.!
Bettinger!et!al.!(2017)!also!argue!that!the!lack!of!participation!between!teachers,!students,!and!fellow!
participants!is!one!of!the!reasons!for!dissatisfaction!with!learning!outcomes.!However,!Cheng!(2023)!
stated! that! one! of! the! benefits! of! HyFlex! is! interaction! with! fellow! students! because! it! provides! an!
opportunity! to! discuss! and! share! ideas.! Therefore,! this! participation! problem! can! be! overcome! by!
collaborative!learning,!where!students!will!come!together!in!one!team!to!discuss!or!work!on!tasks!or!
projects.! Apart! from!that,! participation! can! be!helped! by!the! interaction! built! between!teachers! and!
students!and!fellow!students!by!utilizing!the!media!used!in!class,!such!as!discussion!boards,!LMS,!or!
other!media.!
Third,! the!workload!increases.!This!problem!is!caused!by!teachers!needing!to!create!learning!for!
different!participant!modes!(Boehm!&!Boerboom,!2023).!In!addition,!teachers!must!note!that!offline!
participation!mode!learning!designs!may!only!work!for!some!participation!modes.!This!challenge!was!
also! mentioned! by! Beatty! (2019)! regarding! planning! and! developing! learning! with! different!
participation! modes! but! with! the! same! material.! This! is! a! challenging! thing.! To! design! learning! for!
different! participation! modes,! researchers! suggest! planning! learning! for! asynchronous! online! mode!
first.!After!that,!the!design!is!adjusted!to!synchronous!offline!and!online!modes!(Imran!&!Shen,!2023;!
Kakeshita,!2021;!Rutledge!et!al.,!2021).!However,!for!Baker!(2023),!the!asynchronous!online!mode!is!
the!most!challenging!mode!to!implement!because!it!requires!time!and!effort!coupled!with!creativity,!
commitment,! and! cultural! change! for! this! mode! to! be! successful.! Thus,! the! planning! stage! for! this!
participation!mode!needs!to!be!carried!out!as!thoroughly!as!possible!so!that!its!implementation!can!be!
successful.!As!described!in!the!research!results,!this!burden!can!also!be!reduced!by!involving!students!
or!teaching!assistants!in!supervision!or!other!tasks.!
Fourth,!it!is!difficult!to!pay!attention!to!students!with!different!modes!of!participation.!Online!
students!feel!more!ignored! by! teachers!during!learning.!However,!this!difficulty!can!also!be!reduced!
with!similar!efforts!for!the!third!problem,!involving!students!or!teaching!assistants!to!help!respond!to!
online!student!questions.!This!was!also!expressed!by!McCue!(2021),!who!said!that!having!a!teaching!
assistant!is!one!of!the!keys!to!an!effective!HyFlex!so! that!online!students!are !still!paid!attention!to!during!
learning.!
Fifth,!teachers!need!more!guidance!in!implementing!the!HyFlex!learning!model.!Implementing!
HyFlex!at!the!beginning!of!its!implementation!must!be!confusing! for!teachers!and!students.!For!teachers,!
implementing! HyFlex! has! become! a! challenge,!so! that! guidance! and! guidance! becomes! a! basic! need!
because!HyFlex!is!something!new!and!rarely!explored.!Baker!(2022)!stated!that!teachers!need!to!receive!
direct! training! and! practice! to! have! an! idea! and! experience! of! how! HyFlex! learning! works.! Another!
strategy!proposed!by!Baker!(2022)!is!to!create!a!H yFlex!teaching!community!with!regular!meetings!and!
sharing!experiences.!Understanding!the!implementation!of!HyFlex!is!also!a!challenge!for!students.!Baker!
International$Journal$of$Social$Service$and$Research!! https://ijssr.ridwaninstitute.co.id/!
IJSSR$Page!2973!
(2022)! also! stated! that! teachers! must! clearly! explain! how! to! learn! and! interact! in! the! HyFlex!
environment! and! what! students! expect.! Another! method! Central! Georgia! Technical! College! uses! is!
implementing!HyFlex!during!student!orientation!and!training!student!advisors!to!explain!how!to!use!
HyFlex!(Rosen,!2021).!With!this,!teachers!and!students!can!be!helped!to!understand!HyFlex.!
Sixth,!stress!and!anxiety!arise!in!students.!Beatty!should!m ention!this!challenge,!but!it!is!an!issue!
worth!paying!attention!to!by!educators!and!institutions.!However,!Bergantz!found!different!results!and!
Curtis!(2022)!found!that!the!stress!level!of!students!in!HyFlex!needed!to!be!categorized!as!a!problem!for!
students.! Besides! that,! Mentzer! et! al.! (2023)! believe! that! using! HyFlex! helps! students! reduce! stress!
levels!because!of!HyFlex's!flexibility.!However,!teachers!and!institutions!still!need!to!pay!attention!to!
the!level!of!stress!experienced!by!students!due!to!stress,!which!can!reduce!students'!motivation!to!learn!
so!that!learning!outcomes!also!decrease.!As!in!the!research!results,!the!solution!is!to!create!a!comfortable!
learning!atmosphere!for!students,!create!a!learning!community!as!a!place!for!students!to!connect,!and!
provide!constructive!and!inspiring!feedback.!
These!data!conclude!that!the!HyFlex!learning!model!is!proven!to!help!students!learn,!and!the!
students!feel!the!benefits.!Chen!et!al.!(2022)!revealed!that!students!and!teachers!still!want!face-to-face!
learning! but! are! flexible! and! provide! online! and! asynchronous! learning,! so! HyFlex! can! be! the! right!
mediator! for! this!need.! Moreover,!HyFlexis!is!viewed!positively,!and!students!feel!satisfied!with! this!
innovative! learning! model,! so! the! HyFlex! learning! model! is! worthy! of! being! recommended! as! an!
alternative!learning!model!that!can!continue!to!be!applied!during!this!endemic!period!and!beyond.!
Education!during!the!pandemic!has!shown!that! learning! can! be! done! anywhere.!It!cannot!be!
limited!by!space!or!time!zone.!Gulliksen!et!al.!(2022)!argue!that!after!the!pandemic!ends,!education!can!
return! to! the! old! way! it! was! before! the! Covid-19! pandemic! occurred.! However,! another! option! is!
accepting! the! changed! circumstances! and! realizing! that! there! is! a! more! significant! opportunity! to!
innovate!with!technology!with!hybrid!learning.!There!is !a!quote!that!summarizes!the!need!for!education!
after!the!pandemic.!“There!are!two!such!aspirations!that!I!believe!have!become!urgent:!first,!a!student,!
staff,! or! faculty! member! should! be! able! to! be! anywhere! in! the! world! participating! in! a! learning! or!
discovery! community! and! continue! to! be! fully! involved! with! the! university;! and! secondly,! wealth,!
income!and!the!postal!code!should!not!be!predictive!factors!in!student!access!and!success.”![There!are!
two!aspirations!that!I!believe!have!become!urgent:!first,!a!student,!staff,!or!faculty!member!should!be!
able!to!be!anywhere!in!the!world!participating!in!a!community!of!learning!or!discovery!and!remaining!
fully!engaged!with!the!university;!and!second,!wealth,!income,!and!zip!code!should!not!be!predictive!
factors!in!student!access!and!success]!(Sands!&!Shushok!Jr.,!2022:2,!in!(Ștefănescu,!2022).!This!quote!
clarifies!that!education!today!is!no!longer!limited!by!place!or!distance.!Education!has!evolved!with!the!
development!of!technology,!which!removes!distance!barriers!to!learning.!Baker!(2022)!argues!that!the!
Hyflex! model! enables! and! supports! learners’! rights! and! choices! and! provides! flexibility! in! time! and!
space.!However,! it! also!helps! the! development!of! critical! digital!skills! by!simulating! the! future!work!
environment!that!many!of!our!students!will!face—faced!by!many!of!our!students!when!they!leave!us.!
Therefore,!HyFlex!can!not!only!remove!educational!boundaries!but!also!prepare!students!to!face!a!future!
world!that!continues!to!change!and!develop.!
!
CONCLUSION)
Research!shows!that!most!HyFlex!research!is! conducted!by!higher!education!institutions!(86%).!
Implementation! management! follows! Terry's! (1968)! four! functions:! planning,! organizing,!
implementing,!and!monitoring,!which!involves!setting!goals,!managing!space!and!technology,!and!staff!
training.!Challenges!during!implementation!included!technology!issues,!learner!engagement,!additional!
workload,! difficulty! dividing! attention,! lack! of! guidance,! and! stress,! which! were! overcome! with!
technology!management,!collaborative!learning,!and!a!supportive!atmosphere.!Despite!the!challenges,!
HyFlex!was!seen!as!positive!and!satisfying,!giving!complete!control!to!students,!and!allowing!teachers!
International$Journal$of$Asian$Education$,!
Grace!Kartika!Purnama
1
,!Mawardi
2
,!Marinu!Waruwu
3!
IJSSR$Page!2974!
to!explore!new!learning!media.!Recommendations!emerged!to!implement!the!HyFlex!model!after!the!
pandemic,!recognizing!its!flexibility!in!creating!responsive!and!innovative!learning.!
)
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!
Copyright$holder:$
Grace!Kartika!Purnama
1
,!Mawardi
2
,!Marinu!Waruwu
3!
(2023)
!
International$Journal$of$Asian$Education$,!
Grace!Kartika!Purnama
1
,!Mawardi
2
,!Marinu!Waruwu
3!
IJSSR$Page!2976!
$
First$publication$rights:$
International!Journal!of!Social!Service!and!Research!(IJSSR)!
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This$article$is$licensed$under:$
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