!
Attribution-!ShareAlike!4.0!International!(CC!BY!SA!4.0)!
!
Vol.!03,!No.!11,!November!2023!
e"-"ISSN$:!2807-8691$|$p-"ISSN$:!2807-839X!
!
$
IJSSR$Page!2977
!""#$%&&'()*(+,&-.*/0122&)3$$+*45)--*0./6
This%work%is%licensed%under%a%Attribution-ShareAlike%4.0%International%(CC%BY-SA%4.0)
Implementation+of+TQM+Education+in+Increasing+Interest+in+
Learning+Tetum+as+the+National+Language+of+Timor+Leste+
$$
Alexandra$de$Araujo$Tilman
1
,$Bambang$Ismanto
2,
!Marinus$Waruwu
3%
Universitas!Kristen!Satya!Wacana
1,2,3%
Email:[email protected],![email protected],[email protected]du!
Keywords!
!
ABSTRACT!
Implementation,"Total"Quality"
Management,"Education,"Tetum,"
Language.!
!
This%research%aims%to%evaluate%the%implementation%of%Total%Quality%
Management% (TQM)% in% schools,% specifically% focusing% on% Tetum%
language%learning%at%Damea%Liquitei%Mau b is se %Elementary%School.%
The% study% used% a% descriptive% qualitative% method% to% conduct% field%
research%involving%the%development%team,%teachers,%and%principals%
as%key%informants.%The%research%sheds%light%on%the%concerted%efforts%
to%implement%TQM%in%educational%settings%and%its%implications.%Key%
areas% of% investigation% include% TQM% goals% in% schools,% challenges%
encountered%in%TQM%application,%and%the%tools%utilized%to%develop%
Tetum%language%learning%within%the%TQM%framework.%The%findings%
contribute%valuable%insights%to%the%broader%discourse%on%enhancing%
educational%quality%through%TQM%practices.%
!
!
!
!
INTRODUCTION!
Damea!Liquitei!Maubisse!Elementary!School!is!approximately!one!and!a!half!kilometers!from!the!
city's!Maubisse!District.!This!school!was!built!on!the!private!land!of!a!community!member!who!was!also!a!
teacher,!so!at!the!beginning,!the!school!was!built!only!with!palm!wood!walls.!Until!now,!the!local!school!is!
in! a! deplorable! condition,! where! some! of! the! supporting! wood! is! starting! to! become! brittle.! In! such!
conditions,!it!cannot!dampen!the!teachers'!enthusiasm!with!the!students!in!criticising!education.!With!this!
worrying!condition,!we!have!now!received!assistance!from!donors!so!that!4!(four)!classrooms!are!used!to!
accommodate!275!students.!Each!class!accommodates!30-40!children,!so!it!is!hoped!that!the!government!
will!pay!more!serious!attention!to!increasing!study!rooms!for!students!whose!parents!work!as!farmers.!
Apart!from!the!condition!of!the!existing!building,!this!school!has!6!(six)!permanent!teaching!staff,!
one!contract!teacher,!4!(four)!honorary!staff,!and!one!school!guard.!Of!the!6!(six)!permanent!teachers,!they!
are! almost! at! retirement! age,! so! this! school! needs! serious! attention! from! the! government! to! prepare!
teaching!staff!who!will!continue!their!duties!when!the!teachers!who!have!entered!retirement!are!retired!at!
any!time!by!the!government.!This!effort!must!receive!serious!attention!because!the!students!at!this!school!
are!the!next!generation!of!the!nation's!future.!Therefore,!there!are!several!hopes!from!school!principals!and!
teachers!regarding!the!condition!of!existing!schools!so!that!the!government!can!give!serious!attention!to!
improving!school!bu ildings,!teaching,!and!learning!facilities!such!as!desks!and!chairs,!which,!until!now,!some!
children!have!not!had!access!to!and!are!still!sitting!on!the!floor!covered!with!tarpaulin!and!mats!during!the!
teaching!and!learning!process,!there!is!assistance!from!new!teachers!to!replace!teachers!who!will!retire.!
Looking! at! the! existing! conditions! at! the! Damea! Liquitei! Maubisse! City! Elementary! School,!
information!and!communication!technology!advances!have!significantly!impacted!every!line!of!human!life,!
which!continues!to!face!complex!challenges.! It!is!said!that!because!both!students!and! teachers!are!expected!
International$Journal$of$Social$Service$and$Research!! https://ijssr.ridwaninstitute.co.id/!
IJSSR$Page!2978!
to! be! able! to! implement! Total! Quality! Management! as! a! means! of! information! that! is! centred! on!
digitalisation!because!this!has!a!vast!impact!on!the!field!of!education,!schools!are!required!to!have!Total!
Quality! Management! that! is! well! planned,! structured! and! directed.! Apart! from! that,! article! 13! of! the!
Constitution!of!Timor!Leste!states!that!there!is!a!need!to!develop!national!officials!and!languages.!One!of!
which! is! the! Tetum! language! itself.! The! program! to! educate! the! nation's! life! is! also! a! highly! prioritised!
government!goal! because!education!is!essential!and!strategic.!After!all,!it!helps!the!rise!and!development!of!
a!nation's!young!generation!(students).!Thus,!the!Government!and!educational!institutions!that!organise!
educational!activities!must!make!various!efforts!to!improve!Tetum!language!skills!from!an!early!age!so!that!
this!can!have!implications!for!improving!the!quality!of!education!in!a!school!the!Important!Role!of!Language!
in!Early!Childhood!Education!(Muflihah,!2014).!
According! to! Siswopranoto! (2022),! the! PISA! survey! results,! which! evaluate! reading,! science,!
mathematics,!and!scientific!abilities,!are!a!benchmark!for!evaluating!the!quality!of!education!worldwide.!
This! shows! the! need! to! improve! educational! standards! in! Timor! Leste.! If! the! government's! National!
Education!Standards!are!implemented!well,!the!quality!of!education!will!continue!to!improve.!Therefore,!
guaranteeing!the!quality!of!education!is!essential!in!establishing!and!achieving!high!standards!for!providing!
higher!education!consistently!and!for!a!long!time!(Biedermann!et!al.,!2023;!Ibidunni!et!al.,!2023).!
Total! Quality! Education! (TQE)! is! a! better-known! term! for! applying! quality! management! in!
education.! The! idea! of! TQM,! initially! used! in! industry,! became! the! basis! of! this! management.! From! a!
philosophical! standpoint,! this! idea! emphasises! constant! improvement! to! meet! client! desires! and!
satisfaction!(Jaekel!et!al.,!2023;!Lucas!et!al.,!2015;!Tian!et!al.,!2023).!
Thus,!the!strategy!created!by!utilising!TQM!globally!is! that!education!is!an!educational!organisation!
that!describes! itself!as!a! service!organisation,! or!in! other!words,! as!a!service! sector!that! offers!services!
according!to!customer!demand!(Donkoh!et!al.,!2023;!Garira,!2020).!The!main!target!of!this!integrated!quality!
education!management!is!the!client!(Gupta!&!Yadav,!2023).!
Discussing!TQM! inevitably!involves!addressing!its! foundation,!which!is! the!discussion! of!quality.!
Initially,!the!quality!of!a!product!was!solely!determined!by!the!producer,!regardless!of!the!actual!merits!of!
the!product.!If!the!producer!claimed!it!was!of!high!quality,!then!it!was!considered!as!such!(Patt!et!al.,!2023).!
However,! as! a!product! evolves,! its!quality! is! said! to!be! determined! by!the! consumers.! When! customers!
purchase!an!item,!the!producer!becomes!aware!of!its!perceived!quality.!Therefore,!in!order!to!effectively!
implement!Total!Quality!Management!(TQM)!in!schools,!according!to!Rahim!(2022),!motivation!is!crucial.!
Motivation!is!described!as!the!internal!and!external!drive!and!support!received!by!an!individual!to!achieve!
life!goals.!Teachers!and!parents!play!a!vital! role!as! contributors!to! the!development!and!expansion!of! a!
student's!character,!serving!as!the!most!significant!sources!of!m otivation!w ithin!the!family!(Ng!et!al.,!2023;!
Sosu!&!Pimenta,!2023).!Parental!support!and!encouragement!for!their!children's!efforts!to!excel!become!
the!motivation!for!students!to!learn!the!Tetum!national!language!accurately.!
According!to!Karageorgos!et!al.!(2021),!"TQM!has!an!academic!unit!with!a!comprehensive!system!in!
maintaining! social!and!professional!relationships!of! all!stakeholders."!"Total!Quality! Management!in! the!
field! of! education! is! a! seemingly! new! way! to! transfer! and! apply! scientific! thinking! and! management!
practices!in!the!education!sector."!TQM!has!been!utilized!in!education!for!20!years!in!some!industrialized!
countries,! yielding! encouraging! results! and! significantly! aiding! progress! in! the! field! of! education.!
Sustainable!improvement!and!the!participation!of!all!school!stakeholders!(students,!instructors,!parents,!
and!the!local!community)!are!crucial!because!contemporary!schools!are!adapting!to!meet!the!needs!of!the!
new!digital!learning!environment!(Tilley,!2023).!
Kamayuda!Krismanda!(2016)!defines!Total!Quality!Management!as!an!approach!in!business!that!
seeks! to! maximize! competitiveness! through! continuous! improvement! of! products,! services,! human!
International$Journal$of$Asian$Education$,!
Alexandra!de!Araujo!Tilman
1
,!Bambang!Ismanto
2%
,!Marinus!Waruwu
3!
IJSSR$Page!2979!
resources,!processes,!and!the!organizational!environment.!Furthermore,!according!to!Rosyidah!(2022),!in!
the!era!of!globalization,!the!foundation!for!growth!and!progress!lies!in!high-quality!education.!To!enhance!
quality,! stakeholders! in! the! field! of! education! need! to! be! organized! and! managed! as! a! response! to!
government! regulations,! making! the! application! of! a! new! paradigm! necessary.! Every! educational!
institution,! including! elementary! schools,! should! implement! Total! Quality! Management! (TQM)! to! fulfill!
management!duties!in!the!effort!to!improve!the!quality!of!education!in!the!future.!
Additionally,!according!to!Anwar!(2020)!the!information!and!technology!era!has!caused!a!shift!in!
the! management! capabilities! of! educational! institutions! toward! modern! management! implementation,!
often!referred!to!as!"Total!Quality!Management"!or!TQM.!Organizations!in!the!4.0!era!must!adopt!TQM!as!a!
strategy!to!improve!output,!reduce!production!costs,!and!enhance!productivity.!Through!TQM,!educational!
institutions!are!expected!to!produce!high-quality!human!resources!that!are!competitive.!
Based! on! the! various! perspectives! presented,! as! of! now,! Damea! Liquitei! Maubisse! Elementary!
School!has!not!effectively!implemented!Total!Quality!Management.!Consequently,!students!in!this!school!
find!it!challenging!to!learn!the!Tetum!language!according!to!the!established!rules!and!spelling.!If!teachers!
possess! the! ability! to! utilize! various! learning! resources! through! existing! technological! media,! they! can!
develop!the!potential!of!their!students.!Another!challenge!in!implementing!TQM!in!this!school!is!the!lack!of!
teaching!facilities,! making!students!uncomfortable! during!the!learning! process!(Mousa! &!Arslan,! 2023).!
Additionally,! students'! limited! financial! capabilities,! primarily! based! on! agriculture,! result! in! a! lack! of!
proficiency!in!using!digital!literacy!to!develop!their!learning!skills!at!school!and!home.!
Moreover,!according!to!Anwar!(2020)!several!essential!steps!must!be!taken!by!the!school!principal!
and!the!teaching!staff!to!improve!the!quality!of!education,!specifically!in!Tetum!language!proficiency:!(1)!
Quality! planning,! which! involves! identifying! customers! to! gauge! product! quality! based! on! the!
understanding! transferred! to! students! through! proper! Tetum! language! instruction;! (2)! Quality! control,!
ensuring! that! products! are! consistently! and! thoroughly! inspected,! and! any! potential! issues,! such! as!
difficulties! in! learning! Tetum,! are! promptly! addressed! by! adjusting! teaching! methods;! (3)! Consistent!
methods! for! quality! improvement,! allocating! resources,! assigning! human! resources,! and! training!
stakeholders!involved!in!quality!education!to!uphold!quality!standards!continually.!
Referring!to!the!TQM!concepts!in!education!outlined!above,!the!school!principal,!teachers,!and!all!
stakeholders!at!Damea!Liquitei!Maubisse!Elementary!School!must!be!capable!of!planning!efforts!to!change!
teaching!methods!through!collaboration,!employing!various!methods,!and!ensuring!adequate!supporting!
facilities.! This! approach! will! lead! to! increased! student! interest! in! learning.! Therefore,! when! TQM! is!
effectively!applied! in!schools,!there!will! be!an!improvement!in!Tetum! language!learning!interest! among!
students!as!it!is!the!national!language!and!can!be!learned!effectively.!
Referring!to!the!view!above,!the!principal!and!teaching!staff!totalling!6!(six)!people!at!the!Liquitei!
Maubisse!Elementary!School,!which!in!this!case!is!an!educational! agency!that!provides!services!to!students,!
are!expected!to!carry!out!their!duties!and!responsibilities!well!and!efficiently!maximally.!Even!though!the!
distance! is! quite! far! (one! and! a! half! kilometres)! from! the! sub-district! centre,! educators! at! the! school!
continue!to!make!efforts!to!improve!the!quality!of!education!continue!to!be!made!by!educators!at!the!school.!
One!of!the!primary!efforts!made!is!that!students!are!taught!to!learn!the!national!language!(Tetum!language)!
with!correct!spelling!because,!through!good!and!correct!knowledge!of!the!national!language,!students!can!
have!quality!knowledge!and!interact!in!all!fields!of!study.!
!
METHODS!
In!conducting!research!at!the!Damea!Liquitei!Maubisse!City!Elementary!School,!researchers!used!
descriptive!qualitative!methods!while!using!field!studies!supported!by!literature,!expressing!the!findings!
International$Journal$of$Social$Service$and$Research!! https://ijssr.ridwaninstitute.co.id/!
IJSSR$Page!2980!
verbally!and!linguistically.!Then,!the!data!is!collected!in!descriptions!or!words!instead!of!numerical!data!so!
that!the!processed!data!is!described!coherently!according!to!the!events!recorded!in!the!journal!that!the!
researcher!has!reviewed.!Researchers!also!function!as!the!primary!media!that!organises,!executes,!collects!
data,!analyses!data,!develops!conclusions,!and!culminates!in!making!a!report.!
This!research!aimed!to!observe!and!investigate!a!symptom!of!an!actual!phenomenon!at!the!Damea!
Liquitei! Maubisse! Elementary! School.! A! case! study! was! chosen! as! the! appropriate! research! style! to! be!
applied.!Information!is!collected!through!data!collection!procedures,!such!as!observation!and!interviews.!
An! interactive! analysis! model! based! on! Milles! and! Huberman! in! was! used! to! analyse! the! data! (Dull! &!
Reinhardt,!2014).!
!
RESULTS!!
The! effectiveness! of! implementing! "Total! Quality! Management"! has! not! been! carried! out! as!
expected.!According! to!the!researchers!'!findings!through!interviews,!observations,! and!documentation,!this!
can!be!seen!from!various!things!directly!related!to!"Total!Quality!Management"!as!implemented!at!Damea!
Liquitei!Maubisse!Elementary!School.!That!TQM!has!not!been!implemented,!include:!
Channel$(Access)$
Damea! Liquitei! Maubisse! Elementary! School! still! needs! to! establish! good! communication! with!
various! educational! stakeholders,!making! it! difficult! for! the! attention!of! various! education! observers! to!
support!the!smooth!development!of!facilities!and!infrastructure!to!support!learning!at!the!school.!Among!
the!access!provided!by!the!school!is!that!there!needs!to!be!more!precise!information!so!that!all!community!
members!can!pay!attention!to!the!development!of!facilities!and!infrastructure.!They!do!not!have!operator!
staff!who!master!information!and!communication!technology,!so!Total!Quality!Management!is!challenging!
to!implement.!Apart!from!that,!there!are!no!guidelines.!Explicit!learning!to!make!it!easier!for!students!to!
access!any!information!related!to!learning!Tetum!in!class.!Bintari!et!al.!(2022)!Quality!Management!states,!
"Through!good!management,!fostering!cooperation!to!be!harmonious!and!harmonious!as!well!as!mutual!
respect!and!love!between!workers!so!that!optimal!goals!will!be!achieved!in!the!end."!
In!addition,! with!teachers!needing! help!implementing!TQM! in!schools,!teaching! strategies!in! the!
classroom!are!no t!adapted!to!students'!needs,! m aking!it!very!challenging!for!them!to!learn!Tetum,!the! state!
language!of!Timor!Leste,!as!the!national!language.!This!access!is!critical!when!individuals!want!to!find!a!
school! in!location.! Besides! difficulties! accessing! various!learning! media,! teachers! must! also! create! good!
teaching! patterns! to! arouse! students'! interest! in! learning! the! Tetum! language! at! school.! Thus,! school!
principals,! teachers,! and! existing! stakeholders! must! develop! their! abilities! through! various! training!
activities!to!create!learning!methods.!Quality.!
This!is!supported!by!the!views!of!Syafitrie!et!al.!(2016).!One!effort!to!improve!and!develop!human!
resources! is! through! training.! Training! is! part! of! education.! Education! that! is! more! philosophical! and!
theoretical.”!Just!like!education,!training!has!the!same!goal,!namely,!learning,!where!someone!is!enabled!to!
become!an!innovator,!initiative!taker,!and!grand!creative!problem!solver,!and!it!makes!someone!effective!
and!efficient!in!doing!their!work.!Yang!said!that!every!week,!school!principals,!teachers,!and!staff!receive!
provision!or!training!to!offer!them!the!tools!and!learning!methods!they!need!to!become!more!competent,!
such! as!instruction! in! using! technology! with!mastery! of! the! Tetum!language.! According! to! the!research!
findings,! school! administrators! must! be! able! to! help! instructors! become! more! adept! at! handling! 21st-
century! learning,! especially! in! terms! of! facilitating! Tetum! language! and! utilising! technology! in! the!
classroom.!
Lack$of$Support$from$Stakeholders$
International$Journal$of$Asian$Education$,!
Alexandra!de!Araujo!Tilman
1
,!Bambang!Ismanto
2%
,!Marinus!Waruwu
3!
IJSSR$Page!2981!
Because!there!are!still!many!shortcomings!that!need!to!be!addressed!by!the!current!government,!
Damea! Liquitei! Maubisse! Elementary! School! has! not! yet! concentrated! on! providing! services! to!
stakeholders,!such!as!providing!excellent!and!precise!instructions!during!pre-admission!for!students!and!
universal!access!to!student!welfare!or!providing!good!learning!facilities!to!improve!the!ability!to!learn!the!
Tetum!language!well.!
Only!now!has!Damea!Liquitei!Maubisse! Elementary!School!yet!to!offer!a!complete! library!that!meets!
curriculum!requirements.!There!is!no!open!access!to!learning!resources!for!Tetum!as!a!national!language!
for!all!students,!no!open!access!to!computer!facilities!for!all!students,!and!no!number!of!other!infrastructure!
recommendations!that!have!been!made.!Very!limited.!
Thus,!students!at!this!school! still!need!to!improve!in!learning!Tetum,!the!national!language.!Another!
thing! that! influences! students! is! that! students! understand! the! Mambae! language! better,! which! is! their!
mother!tongue,!so!after!they!have!finished!learning!the!Tetum!language!in!class,!when!they!are!outside!of!
class,!they!return!to!using!the!Mambae!language,!giving!the!impression!that!the!Tetum!language,!which!is!
the!national!language,!is!being!ignored.!
Therefore,! to! change! the! way! students! learn,! school! principals! must! play! an! active! role! and!
collaborate! with! the! government! so! that! there! is! serious! attention! from! the! government! to! prepare!
supporting! facilities! and! infrastructure! to! improve! the! quality! of! student! learning,! more! specifically! in!
studying! the! Tetum! language! which! is! the! national! language! of! Timor! Leste.! The! explanation! above! is!
reinforced!by!Ahmad!(2020),!who!said!that!the!position!of!the!school!principal!is!vital!in!outlining!macro!
education!strategies!with!priority!programs!in!each!school!so!that!intense!communication!is!needed!with!
stakeholders!to!improve!the!quality!of!education!with!Tetum!language!lessons!which!can!be!regulated!in!
regular!regulations.!Firm!so!that!it!becomes!a!guide!for!every!student!at!school.!Apart!from!that,!they!are!
part!of!a!microsystem!that!must!be!made!a!priority!program!and!component!of!the!school's!identity!as!a!
provider!of!national!language!education.!Apart!from!that,!to!achieve!high-quality!education,!a!common!goal,!
educational! institutions! must! change! the! macro! system! into! a! local! program! or! curriculum! centred! on!
Tetum!language!education!as!the!national!language.!
Principal$Leadership$Style$
At! the! Damea! Liquitei! Maubisse! school,! the! principal! needs! to! perform! a! strategic! role! in!
implementing!TQM!properly.!Suppose!this!strategic!role!is!carried!out!based!on!a!strategic!and!competitive!
school!operational!plan!that!prioritises!the!principles!of!Total!Quality!Management!and!ensures!that!the!
school! can! master! quality! Tetum! language.! In! that! case,! students! will! be! fluent! in! the! Tetum! language.!
Additionally,!school!principals!have!yet!to!explicitly!emphasise!quality!management!of!the!Tetum!language!
while! prioritising! innovation! and! originality! among! teachers.! The! school! principal! has! not! collaborated!
closely!with!related!organisations,!so!the!school!needs!to!develop!its!vision!and!mission!properly.!
Building$Resources$and$Classroom$Physical$Environment$
Damea!Liquitei!Maubisse!Elementary!School!currently!has!four!classrooms!obtained!from!donors!
to!accommodate!275!students.!This!condition!is!very!worrying!because!building!resources!do!not!support!
the!classroom’s!learning!process.!Thus,!classroom!equipment,!among!other!things,!does!not!meet!standards,!
but!teachers!and!students!continue!to!care!for!and!maintain!the!cleanliness!of!the!school!building.!Apart!
from! that,!this!includes!maintaining!school!buildings.!Even!though!some!are!still!fragile,!they!continue!to!be!
well! maintained.!Apart! from!that,! there! are!limited! facilities! for! learning!because! many! students! whose!
parents!work!as!farmers!impact!learning!and!the!maintenance!of!existing!school!buildings.!If!TQM!is!well!
understood!by!school!principals,!teachers,!and!other!stakeholders,!it!will!have!implications!for!a!quality!
learning!process;!classrooms!can!be!equipped!with!teaching!aids!to!support!students!in!learning,!programs!
that! require! regular! health! and! safety! checks,! and! accountability—responsibility! and! commitment! to!
International$Journal$of$Social$Service$and$Research!! https://ijssr.ridwaninstitute.co.id/!
IJSSR$Page!2982!
ensure! school! comfort.! Then,! appropriate! delegation! of! authority! to! teachers! in! sustainably! improving!
Tetum!language!learning!abilities,!effective!control!of!resources!from!educational!stakeholders,!and!school!
principals!with!a!clear!understanding!of!funding!sources!and!resources!to!prevent!failure!to!improve!the!
quality!of!ongoing!Tetum!language!learning.!This!is!taught.!
Efficient$Teaching$and$Learning$
The!learning!and!teaching!carried!out!by!Damea!Liquitei!Maubisse!Elementary!School!are!not!yet!
effective!because!teaching!and!learning!strategies!are!not!yet!available!by!the!basic!skills!and!measures!of!
teacher!ability,!the!supporting!facilities!and!infrastructure!for!learning!are!not!yet!met,!the!teaching!and!
learning!methods!are!not!yet!competent!for!students!in!general!and!In!particular,!the!Tetum!language!as!
the!national!language!of!Timor!Leste!has!not!been!seen!significantly!so!that!students!do!not!dare!to!show!
their! abilities! in! what! they! are! learning,! the! inadequate! school! environment! and! classrooms! have! a!
significant! impact! on! students'! learning! at! school.! The! curriculum! used! is! not! suitable! for! the! target!
students,!neither!the!content!nor!the!program!meets!the!needs!of!the!millennial!generation,!and!there!is!no!
new!training!on!developing!digital!literacy!programs!quickly,!so!TQM!is!not!implemented!well,!which!has!
implications!for!monitoring!and!assessment!carried!out!in!schools!with!the!system—the!latest!now.!
Referring!to!the!explanation!above,!according!to!Sonia!(2021),!TQM!influences!how!traditional!and!
elementary!school!management!can!be!changed.!To!implement!TQM!ideas!in!the!field!of!education,!six!main!
problems! must! be! examined! and! controlled! strategically,! especially! those! related! to! quality! aspects,!
emphasis! on! users,! leaders,! increasing! sustainability,! education! providers,! and! the! leadership! of! school!
principals,!which!are!only!carried!out!according!to!specified!conditions!at!school.!
Thus,! school! principals! and! teachers! must! work! together! with! education! stakeholders! in! Timor!
Leste! to!provide! training! related! to!Total! Quality! Management! to!change! learning!strategies! and!school!
management!so!that!it!can!have!implications!for!improving!the!quality!of!students'!education.!
!
CONCLUSION!
Based! on! data! analysis,! the! main! conclusion! that! can! be! drawn! is! the! need! to! implement! Total!
Quality!Management!(TQM)!at!Damea!Liquitei!Maubisse!Elementary!School,!Timor!Leste,!with!a!focus!on!
educational! efficiency.! This! effort! is!directed! at! improving!the! learning! process! in! general,! especially! in!
teaching! Tetum! as! the! national! language! of! Timor! Leste,! to! improve! the! quality! of! education.! Thus,! SD!
Damea!Liquitei! Maubisse!is! expected! to!succeed,! compete!effectively!in!the! highly!competitive!and! gain!
profits!through!the!sustainable!implementation!of!TQM.!
Overcoming!the!challenges!that!Damea!Liquitei!Maubisse!Elementary!School!has!long!faced!requires!
implementing!good!TQM!so!that!the!school's!graduates!can!master!the!Tetum!language,!enabling!them!to!
compete!in!the!global!job!market.!The!utilisation!of!student!resources!through!effective!implementation!of!
TQM! is!expected! to! become!an! asset! nationally,! encourage!significant! development! in! Timor!Leste,! and!
increase!competitiveness!at!national,!regional,!and!global!levels!through!knowledge!that!can!be!applied!in!
industrial!systems!and!mastery!of!the!national!language.!
Apart!from!that,!Damea!Liquitei!Maubisse!Elementary!School!graduates!also!need!to!be!equipped!
with! various! skills,! including! self-control,! collaboration,! involvement!with! other! people,!communication!
skills,! logical!thinking,! problem-solving!skills,! and! the! ability!to! make! judgments.! Overall,! implementing!
TQM!in!this!school!aims!not!only!to!improve!academic!aspects!but!also!to!form!qualified!individuals!ready!
to!face!the!demands!of!the!dynamic!world!of!work.!
!
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