Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)

Vol.!!03,!No.!07,!July!2023!

It#is-ISSN:!2807-8691,|,p-ISSN:!2807-839X#

IJSSR!Page%1899

!""#$%&&'()*(+,& -.*/0122&)3$$+*45)1*62/7

This%work%is%licensed%under%a%Attribution-ShareAlike%4.0%International%(CC%BY-SA%4.0)

Implementation+Of+G o od+Governance+in+Public+Services+at+

Local+Government+

Adelia!Azzahra!

Public%Administration,%Universitas%Swadaya%Gunung%Jati,%Indonesia%

Email:%[email protected]!

Keywords!

ABSTRACT!

!"#$%"%&'(')*&+,-**.,-*/%0&(&1%+,

234$)1,5%0/)1%6+,7*1($,-*/%0&"%&'+,

8)6'0)1'9,

This% research% is% motivated% by% the% suboptimal% public% services%

provided%by%government%officials%in%XYZ%District.%The%primary%goal%

of% this% study% is% to% evaluate% the% government's% execution% of% good%

governance% principles% to% enhance% public% services% in% the% area.% The%

key% elements% of% good% governance% include% accountability,%

transparency,% openness,% and% adheren ce % to% the% rule% of% law.% The%

research%employs%a%d escriptive%qualitative%methodology%and%focuses%

on%XYZ%District%as%the%research%location.%Data%is%collected%through%

literature% review% and% field% study,% with% data% validity% testing%

conducted% using% triangulation% techniques.% The% research% findings%

indicate% that% the% implementation% of% good% governance% in% public%

service% improvement% is% characterized% by% accountability,% ensuring%

officials%follow%standard%implementation%procedures;%transparency,%

making% public% interest% information% readily% available% to% citizens;%

openness,%providing%services%without%discrimination%to%all%citizens;%

and%adherence%to% the%rule% of%law,% ensuring%fair% service%delivery%in%

line%with%applicable%laws.,

INTRODUCTION%

Good%government%is%something% that%every%person%in% a%country% wants.%This%concept%emerged%

because%of% dissatisfaction% with%the%government's% performance% as% the%organiser%of% public% affairs% and%

public% demands% for% bureaucratic% services% to% be%fair%so%that% agencies% can% carry% out% healthy%business%

practices%and%transparent%and%responsible%government%activities%to%provide%meaningful%benefits%for%the%

public%(Fontaine%et%al.,%2022;%Huang%et%al.,%2023;%Júnior%et%al.,%2023;%Kuo%&%Lee,%2023).%

Public% services% are% essential% for% public% organisations,% including% government% organisations%

(Irwandy%et%al.,%2020;%Mallick%et%al.,%2023;%van%der%Jagt%et%al.,%2023).%Therefore,%public%services%provided%

by%government%officials%(government%bureaucracy)%must%always%be%oriented%toward%the%public%interest%

(Lewis%et%al.,%2020a;%Yigitcanlar%et%al.,%2023;%Zou%et%al.,%2023).%To%substantively%fulfil%the%public%interest,%

one%must%focus%on%the%quality%of%services%provided,%enabling%the%recipients%to%respond%positively%to%the%

outcomes%delivered%by% government%agencies%(Aditya%et%al.,%2023;%Sambodo%et%al.,%2023;%Setyowati%&%

Quist,%2022;%Zhang%&%Mora,%2023).%

According%to%the%Minister%of%Home%Affairs%Regulation%on%the%Empowerment%of%State%Apparatus%

:2%0"%&.(;0),2<=>%No.%13%of%the%Year%(2009)%concerning%guidelines%for%improving%the%quality%of%public%

services% with% community% participation,% defines% good% governance% as% "a% concept% in% government%

management% that% emphasises% proportional% involvement% of% government,% community,% and% private%

elements%as%the%three%main%pillars.%

The%law%regulating%good%governance%and%public%services%is%Number%63%of%2003,%Encompassing%

all%the%service-related%tasks%performed%by%public%service%providers%to%meet%the%requirements%of%service%

beneficiaries%and%adhere%to%legal%regulations%(Akse%et%al.,%2023;%Hirschhorn%et%al.,%2019;%Lewis%et%al.,%

2020b).% Implementing% good% governance% in% public% services% still% needs% to% be% considered% better,% as% it%

Inrernational!Journal!of!Social!Service!and!Research%% https://ijssr.ridwaninstitute.co.id/%

IJSSR!Page%1900%

remains%plagued%by%collusion,% corruption,%and%nepotism%perpetrated%by%state%officials%(Adewunmi%et%al.,%

2023;% Bebbington% et% al.,% 2006;% Rusydi% et% al.,% 2020;% Wang% et% al.,% 2023).% Moreover,% public% services%

exacerbate%the%situation%by%requiring%greater%public%involvement%to%remind%the%bureaucracy%to%operate%

more%professionally.%Additionally,%lengthy%bureaucratic%processes%and%overlapping%responsibilities%and%

authorities%persist,%resulting%in%the%convoluted%execution%of%public%services%(Elnaiem%et%al.,%2023;%Fussy,%

2023;%Steenmans%et%al.,%2023;%Yu%et%al.,%2022).%

To% address% this% issue,% there% is% a% need% to% enhance% the% implementation% of% good% governance,%

particularly%within%public%services,%to%better%meet%the%community's%needs%and%expectations%for%excellent%

service%(Pan%et%al.,%2 023;%Szczepaniak%et%al.,%2022;%Wijatmoko%et%al.,%2023;%Wu%et%al.,%2020).%One%approach%

is%to%apply%the%fundamental%principles%of%good%governance%to%increase%the%potential%for%reform%within%

the%bureaucracy,%thereby%achieving%improved%public%services%(Ararat%et%al.,%2021;%Donzelli%&%Linzalone,%

2023;%Mellinas%et%al.,%2019;%Szczepaniak%et%al.,%2022)%

Public%services%exist%due%to%a%culture%of%public%interest%in%society.%Public%services%are%the%main%

driver%in%realising%good%government%(Hajar,%2015;%Pratama%et%al.,%2023).%High-quality%public%services%are%

fundamental%to%a%well-functioning%governance%system%(Cárcaba%et%al.,%2022;%Gallo-Cajiao%et%al.,%2023;%Sun%

et% al.,% 2023).% Exceptional% service% signifies% the% government's% commitment% to% serving% the% broader%

interests%of%the%community%to%the%best%of%its%abilities,%ensuring%community%satisfaction,%and%meeting%their%

needs%and%desires%(Berenschot%&%Mulder,%2019;%Handayani%et%al.,%2023;%Nurlinah%et%al.,%2020).%

Based%on%the%results%of%initial%observations%carried%out%by%the%author,%data%was%obtained%that%

implementing%good%governance%in%XYZ%District%needed% to%be%more%fully%optimal,%especially%in%public%

services.%This%is%evident%from%the%service%process,%which%is%still%slow%and%complicated,%for%example,%in%

administrative%functions%such%as%registration%of%domicile%creation,%processing%of%Family%Card%:??>%cover%

letters,%and%changes%to%family%card%data,%which%should%have%been%completed%within%a%week,%but%was%not%

carried%out%correctly.%Well,%by%Law%No.24%of%2013%concerning%Population%Administration.%The%public%also%

complains%about%more%transparency%in%serving%various%administrative%needs.%

In%implementing%good%governance% in%the%XYZ%District,%there%is% a%lack%of% transparency,%so%the%

public%cannot%know%the%service%process,%and%the%procedures%are%still%complicated,%making%it%difficult%for%

users% of% public% services.% This% condition% can% make% people% doubt% the% performance% of% bureaucratic%

services(Gallucci%et%al.,%2022;%Ogunkan,%2022;%van%der%Jagt%et%al.,%2023).%

Based%on%the%interim%assessment,%it%is%evident%that%the%implementation%of%good%governance%in%

public%services%in%XYZ%District%has%yet%to%be%optimal.%Several%indications%include%a%slow%and%seemingly%

complex% administrative% document% processing% process,% a% need% for% more% transparency% in% addressing%

various% public% service% needs,% particularly% in% the% administrative% service% process,% and% insufficient%

responsiveness%to%complaints%and%aspirations%from%District%residents.%There%is%room%for%improvement%

in%achieving%optimal%good%governance,%especially%in%public%services.%

Based%on%the%above,%the%author%is%interested%in%conducting%research,%which%will%be%outlined%in%a%

scientific%work%titled:%"Implementation%of%Good%Governance%in%Public%Services%at%XYZ%District."%

METHODS,

The%method%used%in%this%research%is%qualitative%research.%This%research%method%aims%to%reveal%

qualitative% information% to% emphasise% process% and% meaning% issues% more% by% describing% problems%

factually,%systematically,%and%accurately.%In%this%study,%the%author%endeavours%to%elucidate%the%application%

of% Good% Governance% in% Public% Services% at% the% District% level% using% a% qualitative% research% approach.%

According%to%Hignett%S%et%al.%(2015),%qualitative%research%is%a%methodology%rooted%in%the%postpositivist%

philosophy%employed%for%investigating%the%circumstances%surrounding%natural%phenomena%(as%opposed%

to% experimental% settings),% with% the% researcher% as% the% primary% instrument.% Data% collection% methods%

involve%triangulation%(a%combination%of%techniques),%while%data%analysis%is%conducted%inductively%and%

qualitatively.%The%outcomes%of%qualitative%research%prioritise%the%interpretation%of%meaning%overbroad%

generalisations.%

International!Journal!of!Asian!Education,%%

Adelia%Azzahra%

IJSSR Page%1901%

RESULTS,#

From% the% observations,% researchers% found% out% about% evaluating% the% application% of% good%

governance% within% public% services% in% XYZ% District.% To% gauge% the% execution%of% good% command% in% the%

provision%of%public% services%in%XYZ%District,%we%can%examine%each%indicator,%which%will%be%described%

based%on%the%issues%identified%in%this%research.%

Implementation!of!Good!Governance!in!Public!Services!in!XYZ!District!

The% primary% elements% of% exemplary% governance% implementation% are% employed% to% assess% the%

extent%of%good%governance% in%public%services%within%XYZ%District.%Therefore,%the%author%will%explain%each%

dimension%of%good%governance’s%main%features,%including%the%following%parameters%(Mulyawan,%2016):%

A. Accountability!

Accountability%to%the%public%for%every%activity%carried%out.%Accountability%is%needed%so%that%

every%state%institution%and%administration%carry%out%its%duties%responsibly%(Cao%et%al.,%2022).%The%

accountability%indicators%are%as%follows:%

1. Compliance%between%Implementers%with%Standard%Implementation%Procedures%

Based%on%the%research%results,%all%employees%at%the%XYZ%District%office%still%need%to%carry%out%

their%duties%by%existing%standard%implementation%procedures.%This%is%due%to%the%need%for%more%

human%resources%at%the%XYZ%District%Office,%so%existing%tasks%overlap.%Based%on%this%data,%it%can%

be% validly% declared% that% the% executor,% while% performing% their% duties,% does% not% adhere% to% the%

current%Standard%Implementation%Procedures.%

2. Measurable%Output%and%Outcomes%

Output%is%the%result%achieved%in%the%short%term.%This%can%be%used%as%a%basis%for%assessing%the%

progress%of%an%activity%if%the%performance%target%is%linked%to%activity%targets%that%are%well-defined%

and%measurable.%Meanwhile,%outcomes%are%the%results%that%occur%after%implementing%short-term%

activities% and% are% used% to% determine% how% far% the% objectives% of% each% government% function%

achieved%from%the%output%of%an%action%(product%or%service)%have%met%the%desires%of%the%target%

community.%

Based%on%the%research%results,%the%output%and%outcomes%of%the%activities%carried%out%in%XYZ%

District%have%been%measured%appropriately.%This%can%be%seen%from%the%results%of%the%activities%

carried%out% by%XYZ% District% for%community%needs,%such% as%social%assistance%and%vaccinations,%

which%help%and%have%a%positive%impact%on%the%people%of%XYZ%District.%

B. Transparency%

Transparency%is%built%based%on%the%freedom%to%obtain%information.%Information%relating%to%

the%public%interest%can%be%obtained%directly%for%those%who%need%it%(Sun%et%al.,%2023).%The%indicators%

of%transparency%itself%are%as%follows:%

1. Clarity%and%Completeness%of%Information%

Clarity%and%completeness%are%two%building%blocks%that%we%can%find%in%information.%Both%

clarity%and%completeness%are%crucial%elements%because%they%ensure% that%information%can%be%

conveyed%and%understood%as%it%is%by%the%public.%

Based% on% the% research% results,% the% information% provided% by% XYZ% District% to% the%

community%is%clear%and%complete,%both%in%the%fo rm %of%upcoming%activities%and%existing%services.%

XYZ%District%officials%also%try%to%provide%comprehensive%information%to%the%community.%

2. Document%Availability%and%Accessibility%

The%availability%and%accessibility%of%documents%are%essential%for%the%people%of%XYZ%District%

because% this% can% make% it% easier% for% the% people% of% XYZ% District% to% access% information% and%

complete%files.%

Based% on% the% research% results,% the% availability% and% accessibility% of% documents% in% XYZ%

District%is%still%not%optimal.%This%c an%be%seen%from%the%limited%access%to%public%records%provided%

to%the%people%of%XYZ%District.%

Inrernational!Journal!of!Social!Service!and!Research%% https://ijssr.ridwaninstitute.co.id/%

IJSSR!Page%1902%

C. Openness!

Ensuring%the%public's%access%to%accurate,%transparent,%and%non-discriminatory%information%

regarding%government%activities,%all%while%safeguarding%individual%rights,%group%interests,%and%state%

secrets%(Huang%et%al.,%2023).%The%indicators%of%openness%itself%are%as%follows:%

1. Process%Openness%

The%openness%of%the%public%information%process%is%essential%for%the%people%of%XYZ%District%

so%that%residents%can%find%out%about%the%plans%and%programs%made%for%the%development%of%XYZ%

District.%This%is%one%of%the%efforts%to%develop%an%information%society.%

Based%on%the%research%results,%XYZ%District%still%needs%to%be%completely%open%regarding%

the%processes%carried%out%in%the%services%provided%to%District%residents.%This%can%be%seen%from%

the%administrative%functions%such% as%making%cover% letters,%which%are% still%closed,%making% the%

services%not%optimal.%

2. Tolerance%and%Mutual%Respect%

Tolerance% and% mutual% respect% are% essential% values% for% the% people% of% XYZ% District% to%

ensure%equitable%services%to%individuals%of%various%religions,%races,%languages,%ethnicities,%and%

cultures.%This%helps%in%creating%a%peaceful%environment.%

Based% on% the% results% of% direct% observations% in% the% field,% it% can% be% concluded% that% the%

employees%have%upheld%the%qualities%of%tolerance%and%mutual%respect%in%providing%services%to%

District%residents.%This%can%be%seen%from%the%services%offered%without%discriminating%between%

young%and%old.%

D. Rule!of!law!

The%legal%framework%is%fair%and%implemented%without%discrimination.%The%rule%of%law%must%

be% established% so% that% state% institutions% and% administrations,% while% carrying% out% their% duties,%

consistently%adhere%to%and%firmly%believe%in%following%the%provisions%of%the%applicable%laws%and%

regulations.%The%indicators%of%the%rule%of%law%are%as%follows:%

1.%Subject%to%the%Principles%of%Justice%

The%principle%of%justice%based%on%Pancasila%values%states%that%public%services%must%pay%

attention% to% the% principles% of% justice% and% non-discrimination.% Services% must% reach% the% most%

disadvantaged% communities% in% the% social% system.% For% example,% the% development% of%

underdeveloped%areas%must%be%prioritised,%and%broader%and%greater%access%to%health%services%

must%be%provided.%

Based%on%the%results%of%direct%observations%in%the%field,%the%services%provided%by%XYZ%

District%to%residents%are%fair%and%by%the%principles%of%justice.%This%can%be%seen%from%the%attitude%

of%the%employees%who%do%not%discriminate%and%discriminate%in%providing%services.%

2. Protection%of%Human%Rights%

Human% rights% represent% an% intrinsic% aspect% of% human% dignity% that% is% inviolable% and%

irrevocable.%As%a%result,%XYZ%District%is%duty-bound%and% accountable%for%honouring,%safeguarding,%

upholding,%and%advancing%the%human%rights%of%its%residents.%This%mandate%is%stipulated%in%Law%

Number%39%concerning%Human%Rights.%

Based% on% the% results% of% direct% observations% in% the% field% and% interviews,% it% can% be%

concluded%that%XYZ%District%protects%the%rights%of%its%District%residents,%which%can%be%seen%from%

the%services%provided%that%always%prioritise%the%needs%of%residents%and%do%not%violate%the%rights%

of%its%residents.%

Supporting!and!Inhibiting!Factors!for!the!Implementation!of!Good!Governance!in!Public!Services!

in!XYZ!District!

A. Supporting!factors!

Based%on%the%observations%conducted%by%researchers,%it%can%be%concluded%that%the%supporting%

factors%for%implementing%good%governance%in%public%services%in%XYZ%District%are%as%follows:%

1. Collaboration%among%employees%is%essential%for%the%successful%execution%of%District%activities.%

International!Journal!of!Asian!Education,%%

Adelia%Azzahra%

IJSSR Page%1903%

2. Communication%and%coordination%in%carrying%out%existing%public%services%so%that%the%services%

provided%to%the%community%are%effective%and%of%high%quality.%

3. Human%resources%are%vital%and%carry%out%their%duties%well%and%optimally.%

B. Obstacle!factor!

The%findings%from%the%observations%conducted%by%the%researchers%reveal%that%implementing%

good%governance%in%XYZ%District%still%needs%to%run%optimally,%especially%in%public%services,%because%

it%is%still%full%of%problems.%

From%the%results%of%observations%made%by%researchers,%it%can%be%concluded%that%the%factors%that%

hinder%the%implementation%of%good%governance%in%public%services%in%XYZ%District%are%as%follows:%

1. Lack%of%adequate%human%resources.%

2. Employees%still%need%help%operating%tools,%such%as%computers%and%other%devices.%

3. Unsupported%internet%network.%

4. Lack%of%transparency%in%the%services%provided.%

Efforts! Made! to! Overcome! Obstacles! to! the! Implementation! of! Good! Governance! in! Public!

Services!in!XYZ!District!

Efforts%to%overcome%obstacles%when%implementing%good%governance%in%public%services%at%XYZ%

District% are% vital.% The% following% are% the% efforts% that% XYZ% District% has% implemented% to% overcome% the%

barriers%to%implementing%public%services:%

1. The%XYZ%District%Office%began%to%add%staff%by%looking%for%adequate%human%resources%and%experts%in%

the%required%fields.%

2. XYZ%District%Employees%began%to%learn%about%the%latest%technology%systems%and%how%to%operate%them%

properly%and%correctly.%

3. The%XYZ%District%Office%repaired%the%internet%network,%which%had%problems,%so%it%did%not%hinder%the%

service%process.%

4. XYZ%District%employees%coordinate%to%increase%transparency%in%the%service%process%provided%to%the%

community.%

CONCLUSION!

In%the%research%on%implementing%good%governance%in%public%services%in%the%XYZ%District,%various%

aspects%were%assesse d,%specifically%accountability,%transparency,%openness,%and%adherence%to%the%rule%o f%

law.%Overall,%the%implementation%of%good%governance%in%the%XYZ%District%has%achieved%a%commendable%

level%in% several% indicators,%such% as% adherence%to% standard% procedures,%completeness%of%information,%

principles% of% justice,% and% protection% of% human% rights.% However,% there% are% still% both% supporting% and%

inhibiting% factors.% Positive% factors% include% employee% cooperation,% communication,% coordination,% and%

crucial%human%resources.%Conversely,%inhibiting%factors%include%a%shortage%of%human%resources,%limited%

technological%capabilities,%inadequate%internet%networks,%and%insufficient%transparency.%XYZ%District%has%

undertaken% various% initiatives% to% address% these% challenges,% including% hiring% additional% employees,%

enhancing% technological% knowledge,% improving% the% internet% network,% and% increasing% service%

transparency.%In%conclusion,%good%governance%in%XYZ%District%has%attained%a%commendable%level%in%most%

aspects.%Nevertheless,%persistent%challenges%must%be%addressed%to%enhance%the%district's%public%services%

quality.%

REFERENCES,

Adewunmi,% Y.,% Chigbu,% U.% E.,% Mwando,% S.,% &% Kahireke,% U.% (2023).% Entrepreneurship% role% in% the% co-

production%of%public%services%in%informal%settlements%−%A%scoping%review.%7(&.,@6%,2*$)1A,%BCD.%

https://doi.org/10.1016/J.LANDUSEPOL.2022.106479%

Inrernational!Journal!of!Social!Service!and!Research%% https://ijssr.ridwaninstitute.co.id/%

IJSSR!Page%1904%

Aditya,%I.%A.,%Haryadi,%F.%N.,%Haryani,%I.,%Rachmawati,%I.,% Ramadhani,%D.%P.,%Tantra,%T.,%&%Alamsyah,%A.%(2023).%

Understanding% service% quality% concerns% from% public% discourse% in% Indonesia% state% electric%

company.%E%$)A*&,%F(8),%e18768.%https://doi.org/10.1016/J.HELIYON.2023.E18768%

Akse,%R.,%Veeneman,%W.,%Marchau,%V.,%&%Ritter,%S.%(2023).%Governance%of%uncertainty%in%implementing%

mobility%innovations:%A%comparison%of%two%Dutch%cases.%G%6%(01H,)&,I0(&6#*0'(')*&,J1*&*")16,%

FK.%https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RETREC.2023.101278%

Ararat,%M.,%Claessens,%S.,%&%Yurtoglu,%B.%B.%(2021).%Corporate%governance%in%emerging%markets:%A%selective%

review% and% an% agenda% for% future% research.% J"%0;)&;, L(0M%'6, G%/)%N,% OK.%

https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EMEMAR.2020.100767%

Bebbington,%A.,%Dharmawan,%L.,%Fahmi,%E.,%&%Guggenheim,%S.%(2006).%Local%Capacity,%Village%Governance,%

and% the% Political% Economy% of% Rural% Development% in% Indonesia.% P*0$., 8%/%$*#"%&',% QO(11),%

1958–1976.%https://doi.org/10.1016/J.WORLDDEV.2005.11.025%

Berenschot,%W.,%&%Mulder,%P.%(2019).%Explaining%regional%variation%in%local%governance:%Clientelism%and%

state-dependency% in% Indonesia.% P*0$., 8%/%$*#"%&',% BCC,% 233–244.%

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.05.021%

Cao,%H.,%Zhang,%L.,%Qi,%Y.,%Yang,%Z.,%&%Li,%X.%(2022).%Government%auditing%and%environmental%governance:%

Evidence%from%China’s%auditing%system%reform.%J&/)0*&"%&'($,!"#(1',<66%66"%&', G%/)%N,%FQ.%

https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EIAR.2021.106705%

Cárcaba,%A.,%Arrondo,%R.,%&%González,%E.%(2022).%Does%good%local%governance%improve%subjective%well-

being?% J30*#%(&, G%6%(01H, *&, L(&(;%"%&', (&., R36)&%66, J1*&*")16,% CK(2).%

https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IEDEEN.2021.100192%

Donzelli,%G.,%&%Linzalone,%N.%(2023).%Use%of%scientific%evidence%to%inform%environmental%health%policies%

and%governance%strategies%at%the%local%level.%J&/)0*&"%&'($, 51)%&1%,(&., 2*$)1A,%BOS,%171–184.%

https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENVSCI.2023.05.009%

Elnaiem,%A.,%Mohamed-Ahmed,%O.,%Zumla,%A.,%Mecaskey,%J.,%Charron,%N.,%Abakar,%M.%F.,%Raji,%T.,%Bahalim,%A.,%

Manikam,%L.,%Risk,%O.,%Okereke,%E.,%Squires,%N.,%Nkengasong,%J.,%Rüegg,%S.%R.,%Abdel%Hamid,%M.%M.,%

Osman,% A.% Y.,% Kapata,% N.,% Alders,% R.,% Heymann,% D.% L.,% …% Dar,% O.% (2023).% Global% and% regional%

governance%of%One%Health%and%implications%for%global%health%security.%IH%,7(&1%',%OTB(10377),%

688–704.%https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01597-5%

Fontaine,%G.,%Carrasco,%C.,%&%Rodrigues,%C.%(2022).%How%transparency%enhances%public%accountability:% The%

case% of% environmental% governance% in% Chile.% JU'0(1')/%, !&.36'0)%6, (&., 5*1)%'A,% F.%

https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EXIS.2021.101040%

Fussy,%D.%S.%(2023).%Governance%of%social%science%research:%Insights%from%Southeast%Asia.%<6)(&,V*30&($,*W,

5*1)($,51)%&1%,%DB(2),%71–79.%https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AJSS.2023.02.002%

Gallo-Cajiao,%E.,%Lieberman,%S.,%Dolšak,%N.,%Prakash,%A.,%Labonté,%R.,%Biggs,%D.,%Franklin,%C.,%Morrison,%T.%H.,%

Viens,% A.% M.,% Fuller,% R.% A.,% Aguiar,% R.,% Fidelman,% P.,% Watson,% J.% E.% M.,% Aenishaenslin,% C.,% &%

Wiktorowicz,%M.% (2023).%Global%governance%for%pan dem ic%prevention%and%the%wildlife%trade.%IH%,

7(&1%',2$(&%'(0A,E%($'H,%X(4),%e336–e345.%https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(23)00029-3%

Gallucci,% C.,% Santulli,% R.,% &% Lagasio,% V.% (2022).% The% conceptualization% of% environmental,% social% and%

governance%risks%in%portfolio%studies%A%systematic%literature%review.%5*1)*YJ1*&*")1,2$(&&)&;,

51)%&1%6,%KO.%https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SEPS.2022.101382%

Hajar,%B.%(2015).%Bureaucracy%and%Governance%in%Indonesia:%Study%on%West%Sulawesi%Province.%20*1%.)(,

J1*&*")16,(&.,Z)&(&1%,%CQ,%223–227.%https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(15)00348-2%

Handayani,% E.,% Garad,% A.,% Suyadi,% A.,% &% Tubastuvi,% N.% (2023).% Increasing% the% performance% of% village%

services%with%good%governance%and%participation.%P*0$.,8%/%$*#"%&',536'()&(4)$)'A,%Q,%100089.%

https://doi.org/10.1016/J.WDS.2023.100089%

Hignett,%S.,%&%McDermott,%H.%(2015).%Qualitative%methodology.%J/($3(')*&,*W,E3"(&,P*0M,%119–138.%

Hirschhorn,% F.,% Paulsson,% A.,% Sørensen,% C.% H.,% &% Veeneman,% W.% (2019).% Public% transport% regimes% and%

mobility% as% a% service:% Governance% approaches% in% Amsterdam,% Birmingham,% and% Helsinki.%

International!Journal!of!Asian!Education,%%

Adelia%Azzahra%

IJSSR Page%1905%

I0(&6#*0'(')*&, G%6%(01H, 2(0', <[, 2*$)1A, (&., 20(1')1%,% BQT,% 178–191.%

https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TRA.2019.09.016%

Huang,% J.,% Han,% F.,% &% Li,% Y.% (2023).% Government% as% major% customer:% The% effects% of% government%

procurement% on% corporate% environmental,% social,% and% governance% performance.% Z)&(&1%,

G%6%(01H,7%''%06,%DO.%https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FRL.2023.103781%

Irwandy,%Sjaaf,%A.%C.,%Achadi,%A.,%Nadjib,%M.,%Ayuningtyas,%D.,%Junadi,%P.,%Besral,%Kadir,%A.,%Supriyantoro,%&%

Hendrawan,%H.%(2020).%The%efficiency%and%productivity%of%Public%Services%Hospital%in%Indonesia.%

J&W%0"%0)(,\$)&)1(,%QT,%236–239.%https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENFCLI.2020.06.054%

Júnior,%E.%L.%P.,%Morreira,%M.%Â.%L.,%Gomes,%C.%F.%S.,%Santos,%M.%dos,%Costa,%A.%P.%de%A.,%Chagas,%S.%dos%S.%S.,%

Costa,%I.% P.%de%A.,% &%Kojima,%E.% H.%(2023).%Governance%Applicable%to% Public%Organizations:%An%

Analysis% based% on% the% Multicriteria% Method% (MCDM)% Parsimonious% AHP% (PAHP)% under% the%

perspective% of% the% Leadership% Mechanism% in% the% light% of% the% Union% Court% of% Audits% (TCU).%

20*1%.)(,\*"#3'%0,51)%&1%,%CCB,%697–704.%https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PROCS.2023.08.040%

Kuo,%N.-T.,%&%Lee,%C.-F.%(2023).%Public%governance%and%the%demand%for%corporate%governance:%The%role%of%

political% institutions.% G%6%(01H, )&, !&'%0&(')*&($, R36)&%66, (&., Z)&(&1%,% 102088.%

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2023.102088%

Lewis,% B.% D.,% Nguyen,% H.% T.% M.,% &% Hendrawan,% A.% (2020a).% Political% accountability% and% public% service%

delivery% in% decentralized% Indonesia:% Incumbency% advantage% and% the% performance% of% second%

term% mayors.% J30*#%(&, V*30&($, *W, 2*$)')1($, J1*&*"A,% SO.%

https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EJPOLECO.2020.101910%

Lewis,% B.% D.,% Nguyen,% H.% T.% M.,% &% Hendrawan,% A.% (2020b).% Political% accountability% and% public% service%

delivery% in% decentralized% Indonesia:% Incumbency% advantage% and% the% performance% of% second%

term% mayors.% J30*#%(&, V*30&($, *W, 2*$)')1($, J1*&*"A,% SO.%

https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EJPOLECO.2020.101910%

Mallick,% H.,% Padhi,% B.,% &% Mishra,% U.% S.% (2023).% An% assessment% of% the% public% confidence% in% governance%

institutions% in% India:% Empirical% evidence% using% IHDS% survey.% V*30&($, *W, -*/%0&"%&', (&.,

J1*&*")16,%BB,%100080.%https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jge.2023.100080%

Mellinas,%J.%P.,%Nicolau,%J.%L.,%&%Park,%S.%(2019).%Inconsistent%behavior%in%online%consumer%reviews:%The%

effects% of% hotel% attribute% ratings% on% location.% I*30)6", L(&(;%"%&',% XB,% 421–427.%

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2018.10.034%

Mulyawan,%R.%(2016).%Birokrasi%dan%pelayanan%publik.%R(&.3&;[,@&#(.20%6.%

Nurlinah,% Haryanto,%&%Sunardi.%(2020).%New%development,%old%migration,%and% governance%at%two%villages%

in% Jeneponto,% Indonesia.% P*0$., 8%/%$*#"%&', 2%06#%1')/%6,% BF.%

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2020.100223%

Ogunkan,%D.%V.%(2022).%Achieving%sustainable%environmental%governance%in%Nigeria:%A%review%for%policy%

consideration.%@04(&,-*/%0&(&1%,%C(1),%212–220.%https://doi.org/10.1016/J.UGJ.2022.04.004%

Pan,% F.,% Diao,% Z.,% &% Wang,% L.% (2023).% The% impact% analysis% of% media% attention% on% local% environmental%

governance% based% on% four-party% evolutionary% game.% J1*$*;)1($, L*.%$$)&;,% OXK.%

https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ECOLMODEL.2023.110293%

Pratama,%A.%B.,%Amber,%H.,%Shershunovich,%Y.,%&%Castro,%A.%B.%R.%de.% (2023).%Do%smart%cities%perform%better%

in%governing%the%COVID-19%crisis?%Em pirical%evidence%from%Indonesian% cities.%@04(&,-*/%0&(&1%,%

Q(1),%58–66.%https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ugj.2023.02.003%

Rusydi,%A.%R.,%Palutturi,%S.,%Noor,%N.%B.,%&%Pasinringi,%S.%A.%(2020).%The%implementation%of%good%corporate%

governance%(GCG)%at%public%hospital%in%Indonesia:%A%literature%review.%J&W%0"%0)(,\$)&)1(,%QT,%

145–148.%https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENFCLI.2019.10.057%

Sambodo,%N.% P .,%Bonfrer,%I.,%Sparrow,%R.,%Pradhan,%M.,%&%van%Doorslaer,%E.%(2023).% Effects%of%performance-

based%capitation%payment%on%the%use%of%public%primary%health%care%services%in%Indonesia.%5*1)($,

51)%&1%,(&.,L%.)1)&%,%QCX.%https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SOCSCIMED.2023.115921%

Inrernational!Journal!of!Social!Service!and!Research%% https://ijssr.ridwaninstitute.co.id/%

IJSSR!Page%1906%

Setyowati,%A.%B.,%&%Quist,%J.%(2022).%Contested%transition?%Exploring%the%politics%and%process%of%regional%

energy% planning% in% Indonesia.% J&%0;A, 2*$)1A,% BSD.%

https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENPOL.2022.112980%

Steenmans,% K.,% Robin,% E.,% Acuto,% M.,% Iwaszuk,% E.,% &% Garza,% L.% O.% (2023).% Governing% the% informed% city:%

Examining% local% government% strategies% for% information% production,% consumption% and%

knowledge% sharing% across% ten% cities.% @04(&, -*/%0&(&1%.%

https://doi.org/10.1016/J.UGJ.2023.09.001%

Sun,% C.,% Min,% J.,% Li,% J.,% &% Cai,% W.% (2023).% Public% participation% and% policy% evaluation% in% China’s% smog%

governance.% J&/)0*&"%&'($, !"#(1', <66%66"%&', G%/)%N,% BTT.%

https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EIAR.2023.107052%

Szczepaniak,% M.,% Geise,% A.,% &% Bariyah,% N.% (2022).% Impact% of% institutional% determinants% on% income%

inequalities% in% Indonesia% during% the% Era% Reformasi.% V*30&($, *W, <6)(&, J1*&*")16,% KC.%

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2022.101526%

van%der%Jagt,%A.%P.%N.,%Buijs,%A.,%Dobbs,%C.,%van%Lierop,%M.,%Pauleit,%S.,%Randrup,%T.%B.,%Skiba,%A.,%&%Wild,%T.%

(2023).% With% the% process% comes% the% progress:% A% systematic% review% to% support% governance%

assessment% of% urban% nature-based% solutions.% @04(&, Z*0%6'0A, (&., @04(&, -0%%&)&;,% KX.%

https://doi.org/10.1016/J.UFUG.2023.128067%

Wang,%A.,%Ho,%D.%C.%W.,%Lai,%L.%W.%C.,%&%Chau,%K.%W.%(2023).%Public%preferences%for%government%supply%of%

public%open%space:%A%neo-institutional%economic%and%lifecycle%governance%perspective.%\)')%6,%

BOB.%https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CITIES.2023.104463%

Wijatmoko,% E.,% Armawi,% A.,% &% Fathani,% T.% F.% (2023).% Legal% effectiveness% in% promoting% development%

policies:% A% case% study% of% North% Aceh% Indonesia.% E%$)A*&,% F(11).%

https://doi.org/10.1016/J.HELIYON.2023.E21280%

Wu,%W.,%Huang,%T.,%&%Gong,%K.%(2020).%Ethical%Principles%and%Governance%Technology%Development%of%AI%

in%China.%J&;)&%%0)&;,%S(3),%302–309.%https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENG.2019.12.015%

Yigitcanlar,%T.,%Li,%R.%Y.%M.,%Beeramoole,%P.%B.,%&%Paz,%A.%(2023).%Artificial%intelligence%in%local%government%

services:%Public%perceptions%from%Australia%and%Hong%Kong.%-*/%0&"%&',!&W*0"(')*&,]3(0'%0$A,%

OT(3).%https://doi.org/10.1016/J.GIQ.2023.101833%

Yu,%H.,%Xu,%J.,%Shen,%F.,%Fang,%D.,%&%Shi,%D.%(2022).%The%effects%of%an%environmental%accountability%system%

on% local% environmental% governance% and% firms’% emissions.% J1*&*")1, 5A6'%"6,% OS(3).%

https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ECOSYS.2022.100987%

Zhang,%J.,%&%Mora,%L.%(2023).%Nothing%but%symbolic:%Chinese%new%authoritarianism,%smart%government,%

and% the% challenge% of% multi-level% governance.% -*/%0&"%&', !&W*0"(')*&, ]3(0'%0$A,% OT(4).%

https://doi.org/10.1016/J.GIQ.2023.101880%

Zou,%Q.,%Mao,%Z.,%Yan,%R.,%Liu,%S.,%&%Duan,%Z.%(2023).%Vision%and%reality%of%e-government%for%governance%

improvement:%Evidence%from%global%cross-country%panel%data.%I%1H&*$*;)1($, Z*0%1(6')&;, (&.,

5*1)($,\H(&;%,%BFO.%https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TECHFORE.2023.122667%

Adelia!Azzahra!(2023)!

First,publication,rights:,

International!Journal!of!Social!Service!and!Research!(IJSSR)!

This,article,is,licensed,under:,