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Vol. 03, No. 11, November 2023

e - ISSN : 2807-8691 | p- ISSN : 2807-839X

IJSSR!Page%2746

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This%work%is%licensed%under%a%Attribution-ShareAlike%4.0%International%(CC%BY-SA%4.0)

Sexual'Harassment'in'International'Law!

Diah!Mutiara!Dewi!

Universitas%Pelita%Harapan,%Indonesia%

Email:%[email protected]%

Keywords!

ABSTRACT!

Sexual'Harassment,'International'

Law,'Global'Protection.'

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INTRODUCTION!

Sexual%harassment%is%a%very%complex%and%worrying%issue%in%the%context%of%international%law.%This%

issue%involves%a%variety%of%detrimental%actions,%including%harassment,%exploitation,%and%sexual%violence%

experienced%by%victims%around%the%world%(Akram%&%Yasmin,%2023;%Gorissen%et%al.,%2023;%Issa%et%al.,%2021;%

Roswell,% 2021).% Sexual% harassment% knows% no% geographic% boundaries,% culture,% or% socio-economic%

background%and%has%affected%thousands%of%people%of%all%ages,%genders,%and%backgrounds%(García%Iommi,%

2023;%Roche%et%al.,%2023;%Roswell,%2021;%Zhong%et%al.,%2020).%

International%law%has%an%important%role%to%play%in%combating%sexual%harassment%and%protecting%

victims%from%its%damaging%and%traumatic%effects%(L.%&%2011,%n.d.;%McBride%et%al.,%2022;%Nelmawarni%et%al.,%

2021;%Online%&%2021,%2021).%International%legal%instruments,%such%as%the%Convention%on%the%Elimination%

of% All% Forms% of% Discrimination% against% Women% (CEDAW)% and% various% human% rights% treaties,% have%

attempted%to%address%this%issue%by%providing%legal%protection%for%victims%(Chowdhury%&%Fileborn,%2020;%

Kalume%Misenga,%2020;%Schulz%et%al.,%2022;%Sil%et%al.,%2023).%

Although%progress%has%been%made%in%terms%of%international%awareness%and%recognition%of%sexual%

harassment,%the%challenges%remain%enormous%and%complex(Drewett%et%al.,%2021;%Jonsdottir%et%al.,%2022;%

Ringrose% et% al.,% 2022;% Rostami,% 2021).% One% is% more%consistency% between% member% countries'% legal%

definitions%and%sanctions.%In%addition,%law%enforcement%efforts%against%perpetrators%often%face%obstacles,%

including%the%reluctance%of%some%countries%to%extradite%or%prosecute%perpetrators%of%sexual%harassment%

International!Journal!of!Asian!Education!,%

Diah%Mutiara%Dewi%

IJSSR!Page%2747%

in%their%territories%(Broache%&%Kore,%2023;%Carballo%et%al.,%2020;%Hofisi,%2023;%Issa%et%al.,%2021;%Noor%&%

Iamtrakul,%2023).%%

At% the% same% time,% encouragement% from% civil% society% advocacy% groups% and% international%

organizations%has%given%hope%for%improving%victim%protection%and%law%enforcement%against%perpetrators%

of%sexual%harassment%(Carballo%et%al.,%2020;%Cheek%et%al.,%2023).%Global%awareness%and%easier%access%to%

information% through% technology% have% driven% greater% attention% to% this% issue% and%inspired% a% shared%

responsibility%to%create%a%safe%and%just%world%for%all%(DeKeseredy%et%al.,%2018;%Research%&%2022,%n.d.).%

In%this%context,%this%article%will%take%a%more%in-depth%look%at%sexual%harassment%in%international%

law,%focusing%on%the%challenges%and%prospects%for%global%protection.%This%research%will%attempt%to%identify%

the%important%role%of%international%law%in%dealing%with%this%problem,%as%well%as%explore%the%Potential%for%

international%cooperation%to%achieve%the%common%goal%of%eradicating%sexual%harassment.%

Through%careful%analysis,%it%is%hoped%that%this%article%can%provide%a%more%comprehensive%picture%

of% the% issue% of% sexual% harassment% in% the% context% of% international% law,% as% well% as% encourage% further%

awareness%and%action%to%protect%human%rights%and%maintain% the%dignity%of%every%individual%from%the%

threat%of%sexual%harassment.%

In%conclusion,%sexual%harassment%in%international%law%is%a%deep%and%complex%issue.%While%various%

international%legal%instruments%have%been%established%to%protect%and%combat%these%crimes,%challenges%in%

law%enforcement%and%social%stigma%remain%obstacles.%However,%with%increasing%international%awareness%

and%a%shared%commitment%to%work%together,%the%prospects%for%global%protection%for%victims%of%sexual%

harassment%are%brighter.%Through%close%collaboration%and%sustained%efforts,%we%can%create%a%world%free%

from%sexual%harassment,%where%every%individual%can%live%with%complete%dignity%and%freedom.%

METHODS!

Research% on% sexual% harassment% in% international% law% will% use% an% in-depth% and% analytical-

qualitative% approach.% This% qualitative% approach% will% enable% researchers% to% understand% better% the%

context,%dynamics,%and%complexity%of%the%issue%of%sexual%harassment,%as%well%as%the%related%international%

legal%implications.%

The%following%are%the%stages%and%methods%used%in%this%research:%

1. Literature%Review:%The%initial%research%stage%will%involve%a%literature%review%study%to%identify%and%

understand%the%relevant%international%legal%instruments%created%to%address%sexual%harassment.%This%

includes% but% is% not% limited% to% the% Convention% on% the% Elimination% of% All% Forms% of% Discrimination%

against%Women%(CEDAW),%the%Convention%on%Human%Rights,%the%Convention%on%the%Rights%of%the%

Child%(CRC),%and%other%international%resolutions%and%agreements%related%to%this%issue.%

2. Document%Analysis:%Official%documents%such%as%member%states'%reports%to%UN%bodies%or%committees%

dealing%with%sexual%harassment%will%also%be%accessed%and%analyzed.%In%addition,%records%from%non-

governmental% organizations%and% reports% from% civil% society% advocacy% groups% focused% on% victim%

protection%and%law%enforcement%will%be%examined.%

3. Interviews:% Researchers% will% interview%international% legal% experts,% government% officials,% and%

activists%involved%in%efforts%to%deal%with%sexual%harassment%at%the%international%level.%This%interview%

will% provide% in-depth% insight% into% the% challenges% faced% in% law% enforcement,% current% issues,% and%

perspectives%from%the%parties%involved.%

4. Case%Studies:%This%research%will%also%include%case%studies%from%specific%countries%that%have%dealt%

with%sexual%harassment%effectively%or%that%still%face%significant%challenges%in%addressing%this%issue.%

This%case%study%will%explain%how%international%law%can%be%applied%and%adapted%nationally.%

5. Data%Analysis:%Data%collected%from%various%sources%will%be%analyzed%qualitatively%using%an%inductive%

approach% to% identify% patterns,% themes,% and% main% findings.% This% analysis% will% help% in% drawing% up%

conclusions%and%recommendations%from%this%research.%

International!Journal!of!Social!Service!and!Research%% https://ijssr.ridwaninstitute.co.id/%

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6. Research%Ethics:%The%research%will%adhere%to%the%principles%of%research%ethics,%including%protecting%

the%confidentiality%and%anonymity%of%respondents%and%obtaining%consent%from%all%parties%involved%

in%the%interview.%

Through% this% qualitative% research% method,% it% is% hoped% that% research% can% provide% a% deeper%

understanding%of%the%problem%of%sexual%harassment%in%international%law,%the%challenges%faced,%and%the%

efforts%that%can%be%made%to%improve%victim%protection%and%law%enforcement.%It%is%hoped%that%the%results%

of%this%research%will%contribute%to%global%efforts%to%eradicate%sexual%harassment%and%create%a%safer%and%

fairer%world%for%all.%

RESULTS!

This%research%has%revealed%various%relevant%findings%regarding%sexual%harassment%in%

international%law.%Here%are%some%significant%research%results:%

1. Relevant%International%Legal%Instruments:%This%research%has%identified%several%international%legal%

instruments% that% are% relevant% in% addressing% sexual% harassment,% such% as% the% Convention% on% the%

Elimination%of%All%Forms%of%Discrimination%against%Women%(CEDAW),%the%Convention%on%Human%

Rights,%and%the%Convention%on%the%Rights%of%the%Child%(CRC).%These%legal%instruments%provide%an%

important%basis%for%the%protection%of%victims%of%sexual%harassment%and%provide%a%framework%for%

member%states%to%adopt%appropriate%laws%and%policies.%

2. Law% Enforcement% Challenges:% This% research% identifies% several% challenges% in% law% enforcement%

against%sexual%harassment%at%the%international%level.%The%lack%of%consistency%in%legal%definitions%and%

sanctions%between%member%countries%is%one%of%the%main%challenges.%Some%countries%may%not%cite%or%

comply%more%strictly%with%existing%legal%provisions,%reducing%law%enforcement%efforts'%effectiveness.%

3. Social% and% Cultural% Stigma:% This% research% found% that% the% social% and% cultural% stigma% surrounding%

sexual% harassment% creates% barriers% for% victims% to% report% and% seek% justice.% A% culture% of% shaming,%

abuse%of%power,%and%distrust%of%the%legal%system%often%prevent%victims%from%coming%forward%and%

reporting%the%crimes%they%have%experienced.%

4. Role%of%Technology%and%Social%Media:%This%research%highlights%the%importance%of%technology%and%

social%media%in%raising%awareness%about%sexual%harassment.%Awareness%campaigns%such%as%#MeToo%

have%provided%a%platform%for%victims%to%speak%out%and%gain%support%from%the%global%community.%The%

internet%has%also%become%a%powerful%tool%for%disseminating%information%and%mobilizing%support%for%

the%fight%against%sexual%harassment.%

Discussion%

The%results%of%this%research%show%that%sexual%harassment%in%international%law%is%a%complex%issue%

and%requires%a%holistic%approach%to%handling%it.%Even%though%there%are%various%relevant%international%

legal%instruments,%challenges%in%law%enforcement%and%social%stigma%are%still%the%main%problems%faced.%

One%thing%that%must%be%considered%is%the%need%for%more%international%cooperation%in%addressing%

the%issue%of%sexual%harassment.%Member%countries%need%to%share%information%and%experiences%and%work%

together% in% dealing% with% perpetrators% of% sexual% harassment% who% cross% national% borders.% This%

cooperation%can%be%enhanced%through%international%meetings,%multilateral%dialogue,%and%sharing%of%best%

practices.%

It%is%also%important%to%increase%public%awareness%and%education%about%sexual%harassment.%This%

effort%can%be%carried%out%through%awareness%campaigns,% educational%programs%in%schools,%and%active%

involvement%on%social%media.%By%increasing%awareness,%social%stigma%towards%victims%can%be%reduced%so%

that%victims%are%more%open%to%reporting%and%seeking%help.%

Apart%from%that,%effective%law%enforcement%also%requires%a%transparent%and%accountable%justice%

system.% States% must% ensure% that% trials% against% perpetrators% of% sexual% harassment% are% fair,% without%

discrimination% or% manipulation.% Police% forces% and% the% justice% system% must% also% be% strengthened% to%

handle%cases%of%sexual%harassment%carefully%and%firmly.%

International!Journal!of!Asian!Education!,%

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IJSSR!Page%2749%

In%conclusion,%efforts%to%address%sexual%harassment%in%international%law%require%a%shared%commitment%

from%all%parties%involved.%By%strengthening%international%law,%increasing%international%cooperation,%and%

increasing%awareness%and%support%for%victims,%we%can%create%a%safer,%more%just,%and%more%humane%world%

for%all%individuals.%

CONCLUSION!

Sexual% harassment% in% international% law% is% a% complex% and% profound% issue.% This% research% has%

identified%various%relevant%international%legal%instruments,%including%the%Convention%on%the%Elimination%

of%All%Forms%of%Discrimination%against%Women%(CEDAW)%and%the%Convention%on%Human%Rights,%which%

are% an% essential% basis% for% efforts% to% protect% victims% of% sexual% harassment.% Despite% efforts% and%

international% agreements% that% have% been% made% to% address% this% problem,% law% enforcement% remains% a%

significant%challenge.%A%lack%of%consistency%in%definitions%and%sanctions%between%countries,%as%well%as%the%

social%and%cultural%stigma%surrounding%sexual%harassment,%prevents%victims%from%reporting%and%seeking%

justice.%Therefore,%joint%efforts%are%needed%from%member%countries%and%international%organizations%to%

increase%cooperation,%increase%public%awareness,%and%strengthen%law%enforcement%to%create%a%safer%and%

fairer%world%for%all.%

In%facing%the%challenges%and%prospects%of%global%protection%against%sexual%harassment,%a%holistic%

and% inclusive% approach% is% critical.% Strengthening% international% law,% support% for% victims,% and% closer%

international% collaboration% are% essential% steps% to% achieve% the% shared% goal% of% eradicating% sexual%

harassment.%Apart%from%that,%the%role%of%technology%and%social%media%as%tools%to%increase%awareness%and%

gather%support%must%be%utilized%optimally.%

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