Attribution- ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
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This%work%is%licensed%under%an%Attribution-ShareAlike%4.0%International%(CC%BY-SA%4.0)
Analysis(of(Increasing(Knowledge,(Attitudes,(and(Behaviors(
for(Type(2(Diabetes(Complication(Prevention$
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Rusmini1,$Edy$Suyanto2,$Nurwahidah3,$Ratih$Putri$Maharani4%
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Keywords)
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ABSTRACT)
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Diabetes!mellitus!is!characterized!by!elevated!blood!sugar!levels!due!
to!either!a!lack!of!insulin!or!decreased!cellular!sensitivity!to!insulin.!
Type! 2! diabetes! accounts! for! most!(90%)! of! all! diabetes! cases.!
Diabetes! mellitus! is! a!significant! contributor! to! mortality,! mainly!
because!it!leads!to!complications!such!as!atherosclerosis,!coronary!
heart! disease,! and! stroke.! The! research! was! designed! as! a! quasi-
experiment,!employing!a!pre-test!and!post-test!with!a!control!group.!
The!analysis!included!the!use!of!Wilcoxon!and!Mann-Whitney!tests.!
The!sampling!method!used!was!purposive!sampling,!involving!100!
participants.!The!results!of!the!data!analysis!using!the!Wilcoxon!test!
in!the!treatment!group!indicated!a!p-value!of!0.000!(p<0.05)!for!the!
knowledge,!attitude,!and!behavior!variables.!In!the!control!group,!a!
p-value!of!0.002!(p<0.05)!was!observed!for!the!knowledge!variable,!
while! p-values! of! 0.001! (p<0.05)! were! found! for! the! attitude! and!
behavior! variables.! These! findings! support! the! acceptance! of! the!
alternative!hypothesis!(Ha)!and!the!rejection!of!the!null!hypothesis!
(H0),!suggesting!that!the!use!of!video!media!and!modules!positively!
impacts!increasing! knowledge,! attitudes,! and! behaviors! aimed! at!
preventing!complications.!When!examining!the!intervention!group!
and! control! group! using! the! Mann-Whitney!Test,! the! p-value! of!
0.000! was! less! than! 0.002,! indicating! that! the! use! of! video!
educational!media!in!the!intervention!group!significantly!improved!
knowledge.!Likewise,!the!statistical!tests!on!attitudes!in!both!groups!
revealed!a!p-value!of!0.000,!which! was!less!than!0.001,!signifying!
that!video!educational!media!significantly!improved!attitudes!in!the!
intervention! group.! Finally,! the! analysis! of! behavioral! tests!
demonstrated!a!p-value!of!0.000,!which!was!less!than!0.001!in!both!
groups,!highlighting!the!greater!impact!of!video!educational!media!
in!enhancing!behavior.!In!conclusion,!video!educational!media!and!
modules!effectively!enhance!knowledge,!attitudes,!and!behavior!in!
individuals!with!type!2!diabetes!mellitus.!However,!video!education!
is! more! influential! in! improving! these! aspects! compared! to! other!
methods.!
)
)
8
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INTRODUCTION)
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K;,%6:5E<`6%:3/4,:%B"B5#3:7"8%I36%3BB/"N7-3:,#<%*(Y\O%78E7+7E53#6%I7:;%:<B,%0%E73.,:,6%-,##7:56%78%
]7-3% ^7:<$% K;,% 63-B#,% 67X,% ?"/% :;76% 6:5E<(% ?"=56784% "8% :<B,% 0% E73.,:,6% -,##7:56% B3:7,8:6(% ="-B/76,E% *&&%
B3/:7=7B38:6$%K;,%i,-,6;"I%?"/-5#3%E,:,/-78,E%:;,%63-B#,%67X,(%I;7=;%I36%,-B#"<,E%E5,%:"%:;,%58G8"I8%
"/%78?787:,%B"B5#3:7"8%67X,$%K;,%i,-,6;"I%?"/-5#3%76%36%?"##"I61%
L8?"/-3:7"81%
International$Journal$of$Asian$Education$(%
U56-7871(%CE<%V5<38:"2(%)5/I3;7E3;3(%U3:7;%25:/7%>3;3/3874%
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V"(%:;,%63-B#,%67X,%76%:3G,8%36%?"##"I61%
% % 8%j%%%M7:;21-a/22R*H2T%
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8%j%\Q$&J%j%*&&%/,6B"8E,8:6%
V"(%.36,E%"8%:;76%?"/-5#3(%:;,%8%".:378,E%76%\Q$&J%j%*&&%/,6B"8E,8:6(%6"%:;,%/,6,3/=;,/%"8#<%:3G,6%
E3:3%?/"-%3%63-B#,%"?%3:%#,36:%*&&%/,6B"8E,8:6$%M7:;%:;,%63-B#784%:,=;87_5,(%B5/B"67+,('#A/*"26(38E%:;,%
85-.,/%"?%63-B#,6%;3+,%.,,8%E,:,/-78,E%78%B/"B"/:7"8%:"%:;,%/,65#:6%"?%=3#=5#3:784%:;,%63-B#,%67X,%78%,3=;%
4/"5B$%
%
RESULTS)
Frequency$Distribution$of$Characteristics$of$Type$2$Diabetes$Mellitus$Respondents$in$Bima$City$in$
2023$
%
Table$1.$Frequency$distribution$of$respondent$characteristics$based$on$age,$gender,$highest$level$
of$education,$eating$habits,$duration$of$illness,$and$history$of$drug$consumption$in$Bima$City$in$
2023$
Variable)
Intervention)
n)
%)
n)
%)
Age)
9:";8:'<="!(('850>/68?;:+$)
78
-08
-@8
@/8
A:+=?8(='8:,;8/0>668?;:+$)
-@8
@/8
-68
5.8
9:";8(='8:,;860>068?;:+$)
@68
6.8
@.8
/.8
B;C)(+$8008?;:+$8:C'8(4;+)
68
-.8
58
08
Gender)
D:C)
-08
5@8
@@8
//8
E(F:C)
5/8
078
@78
608
Last)education)
G(8BH!((=)
-8
@8
@8
/8
BI)
58
08
/8
78
JKGLMN8OLPO8BQOMM9)
18
-/8
18
-/8
BDR)
-08
5@8
-08
5@8
I)#=(F:)
@.8
/.8
@.8
/.8
D:$";+$)
58
08
-8
@8
Eating)Habits)Patterns)
I);")
-@8
@/8
-08
5@8
I(CS"8;')")
578
108
5/8
078
Long)illness)
T68U;:+$)
-@8
@/8
-58
@08
V08U;:+$)
578
108
518
1/8
International$Journal$of$Social$Service$and$Research%% ;::B61cc7P66/$/7EI38786:7:5:,$="$7Ec%
IJSSR$234,%2756%
Drug)Consumption)History)
ID)
5.8
0.8
5.8
0.8
ID8':?8OW)
@.8
/.8
@.8
/.8
B(<+H;%8X+)F:+?8I:":8(Y8N;$#(C';C"$8)C8Z)F:8Q)"?8X[D8)C8@.@58
]36,E%"8%:;,%E3:3% B/,6,8:,E%78%K3.#,%*(% "5:%"?%:;,%*&&% /,6B"8E,8:6(%I7:;%O&%78% :;,%78:,/+,8:7"8%
4/"5B%38E%O&%78%:;,%="8:/"#%4/"5B(%-"6:%/,6B"8E,8:6%I,/,%78%:;,%#3:,%,#E,/#<%34,%/384,%"?%OQHQO%<,3/6$%L8%
:;,%78:,/+,8:7"8%4/"5B(%0O%B,"B#,%RO&ST%?,##%78:"%:;76%34,%=3:,4"/<(%I;7#,%78%:;,%="8:/"#%4/"5B(%0&%B,"B#,%
RJ&ST% I,/,% 78% :;,% 63-,% 34,% /384,$% K;,% 4,8E,/% E76:/7.5:7"8% I36% B/,E"-7838:#<% ?,-3#,(%I7:;% 'J%B,"B#,%
RQYST%78%:;,%78:,/+,8:7"8%4/"5B%38E%0Y%B,"B#,%ROQST%78%:;,%="8:/"#%4/"5B%.,784%?,-3#,$%),3/#<%;3#?%"?%:;,%
/,6B"8E,8:6%;3E%3%@7B#"-3%,E5=3:7"8(%I7:;%0&%B,"B#,%RJ&ST%78%.":;%:;,%78:,/+,8:7"8%38E%="8:/"#%4/"5B6$%
U,43/E784%E7,:3/<%;3.7:6(%3#-"6:%3##%/,6B"8E,8:6%E7E%8":%?"##"I%3%6B,=7?7=%E7,:(%I7:;%'Y%B,"B#,%R[QST%78%:;,%
78:,/+,8:7"8%4/"5B%38E%'J%B,"B#,%RQYST%78%:;,%="8:/"#%4/"5B%8":%3E;,/784%:"%38<%E7,:3/<%/,47-,8$%K;,%
E5/3:7"8%"?%7##8,66%?"/%-"6:%/,6B"8E,8:6%,N=,,E,E%Q%<,3/6(%I7:;%'Y%B,"B#,%R[QST%78%:;,%78:,/+,8:7"8%4/"5B%
38E%'[%B,"B#,%R[JST%78%:;,%="8:/"#%4/"5B%;3+784%E73.,:,6%?"/%-"/,%:;38%Q%<,3/6$%Z5/:;,/-"/,(%3%67487?7=38:%
B/"B"/:7"8%"?%/,6B"8E,8:6%;3E%3%;76:"/<%"?%="865-784%E73.,:,6%-,##7:56%-,E7=3:7"8(%I7:;%'&%B,"B#,%RQ&ST%
78%.":;%:;,%78:,/+,8:7"8%38E%="8:/"#%4/"5B6$%AEE7:7"83##<(%3#-"6:%;3#?%"?%:;,%/,6B"8E,8:6%78%.":;%4/"5B6%;3E%
3%;76:"/<%"?%="865-784%-,E7=3:7"8%?"/%.":;%E73.,:,6%-,##7:56%38E%;<B,/:,867"8$%
Frequency$Distribution$of$Knowledge,$Attitudes$and$Behavior,$Before$and$After$Giving$Modules$and$
Videos$to$Respondents$with$Type$2$Diabetes$Mellitus$in$Bima$City$in$2023$
)
Table$2.$Frequency$distribution$of$knowledge,$attitudes,$and$behavior,$before$and$after$being$
given$modules$and$videos$to$respondents$with$type$2$diabetes$mellitus$in$Bima$City$in$202$
Variable)
Intervention)
∆)
Mean)
Control)
∆)
Mean)
Pre)Test)
Post)Test)
Pre)Test)
Post)Test)
C8
\8
C8
\8
C8
\8
C8
\8
Knowledge)
Mean)±)SD)
/*078]8-*-078
7*278]8-*5178
/*58
/*008]8-*-1-8
0*708]8-*6178
@*@8
O;),!")
.8
.8
/
/8
778
.8
.8
@
08
6@8
Q<++;C"=?)
5-8
0@8
08
-@8
5.8
0.8
@
.8
/.8
9(^)
-28
578
.8
.8
@.8
/.8
/8
78
Attitude)
Mean)±)SD)
@1*6/8]86*-268
//*508]87*..18
-0*7@8
@1*6/8]86*-268
/.*6@8]82*-058
-@*278
P((')
.8
.8
5
/8
078
.8
.8
5
@8
0/8
AC(<,!)
5@8
0/8
-
08
5@8
5@8
0/8
-
18
5/8
9;$$)
-78
508
.8
.8
-78
508
-8
@8
Behavior)
Mean)±)SD))
@1*6/8]86*-268
//*508]87*..18
-0*7@8
@1*/.8]86*@0/8
51*5/8]81*-.@8
2*2/8
P((')
.8
.8
5
/8
078
.8
.8
5
58
008
AC(<,!)
5@8
0/8
-
08
5@8
5@8
0/8
-
18
5/8
9;$$)
-78
508
.8
.8
-78
508
.8
.8
%B(<+H;%8X+)F:+?8I:":8(Y8N;$#(C';C"$8)C8Z)F:8Q)"?8X[D8)C8@.@58
%
]36,E%"8%K3.#,%0(%7:%I36%?"58E%:;3:%-"6:%"?%:;,%/,6B"8E,8:6`%B/,H:,6:%G8"I#,E4,%.,?"/,%.,784%47+,8%
,E5=3:7"83#%-,E73%I36%78%:;,%-,E75-%=3:,4"/<(%83-,#<%'*%B,"B#,%RQ0ST%78%:;,%4/"5B%78:,/+,8:7"8%I7:;%38%
International$Journal$of$Asian$Education$(%
U56-7871(%CE<%V5<38:"2(%)5/I3;7E3;3(%U3:7;%25:/7%>3;3/3874%
IJSSR$234,%2757%
3+,/34,%B/,H:,6:%6="/,%"?%J$QY%I7:;%3%6:38E3/E%E,+73:7"8%"?%*$*QY%38E%36%-38<%36%'&%B,"B#,%RQ&ST%78%:;,%
="8:/"#%4/"5B%I7:;%38%3+,/34,%B/,H:,6:%6="/,%"?%J$QQ%I7:;%3%6:38E3/E%E,+73:7"8%"?%*$*[*$%K;,8(%3?:,/%.,784%
47+,8%,E5=3:7"83#%-,E73(%3%B"6:H:,6:%I36%=3//7,E%"5:$%A#-"6:%3##%/,6B"8E,8:6`%G8"I#,E4,%I36%78%:;,%;74;%
=3:,4"/<(%I7:;%JJ%B,"B#,%RYYST%78%:;,%4/"5B%78:,/+,8:7"8%I7:;%38%3+,/34,%B"6:H:,6:%6="/,%"?%Y$\Y%I7:;%3%
6:38E3/E%E,+73:7"8%"?%*('[Y%38E%36%-38<%36%0Q%B,"B#,%RO0ST%78%:;,%="8:/"#%4/"5B%I7:;%38%3+,/34,%B"6:H:,6:%
6="/,%"?%Q$YQ%I7:;%3%6:38E3/E%E,+73:7"8%"?%*(O[Y$%
L8% :;,% 3::7:5E,% +3/73.#,% .,?"/,% .,784% 47+,8% ,E5=3:7"83#% -,E73(% -"6:%/,6B"8E,8:6% I,/,% 78% :;,%
65??7=7,8:%=3:,4"/<(%'0%B,"B#,%RQJST%78%:;,%4/"5B%78:,/+,8:7"8%I7:;%38%3+,/34,%B/,H:,6:%6="/,%"?%0[$OJ%I7:;%
3%6:38E3/E%E,+73:7"8%"?%O(*\O%38E%36%-38<%36%'0%B,"B#,%RQJST%78%:;,%="8:/"#%4/"5B%I7:;%38%3+,/34,%B/,H
:,6:%6="/,%"?%0[$OJ%I7:;%3%6:38E3/E%E,+73:7"8%"?%O(*\O$%K;,8(%3?:,/%.,784%47+,8%,E5=3:7"83#%-,E73(%3%B"6:H:,6:%
I36%=3//7,E%"5:$%>"6:%"?%:;,%/,6B"8E,8:6`%3::7:5E,6%I,/,%78%3%4""E%=3:,4"/<(%I7:;%'J%B,"B#,%RQYST%78%:;,%
4/"5B%78:,/+,8:7"8%I7:;%38%3+,/34,%B"6:H:,6:%6="/,%"?%JJ$'Q%I7:;%3%6:38E3/E%E,+73:7"8%"?%Y$&&[%38E%36%-38<%
36% '0% B,"B#,% RQJST% I7:;% 38% 3+,/34,% B"6:H:,6:% 6="/,% "?% J&$O0% I7:;% 3% 6:38E3/E% E,+73:7"8% "?% \$*Q'% 78% :;,%
="8:/"#%4/"5B$%
U,43/E784%:;,% .,;3+7"/3#% +3/73.#,% .,?"/,% /,=,7+784% ,E5=3:7"83#% -,E73(% -"6:%/,6B"8E,8:6% I,/,%
=3:,4"/7X,E%36%;3+784%65??7=7,8:%.,;3+7"/$%L8%:;,%78:,/+,8:7"8%4/"5B(%'0%B,"B#,%RQJST%;3E%3%B/,H:,6:%6="/,%
I7:;%38%3+,/34,%"?%0[$OJ%38E%3%6:38E3/E%E,+73:7"8%"?%O$*\O$%V7-7#3/#<(%78%:;,%="8:/"#%4/"5B(%'0%B,"B#,%RQJST%
,N;7.7:,E% 65??7=7,8:% .,;3+7"/% I7:;% 38% 3+,/34,% B/,H:,6:% 6="/,% "?% 0[$J&% 38E% 3% 6:38E3/E% E,+73:7"8% O$0QJ$%
Z"##"I784% :;,% 3E-7876:/3:7"8% "?% ,E5=3:7"83#% -,E73% 38E% ="8E5=:784% 3% B"6:H:,6:(% :;,/,% I36% 3% 67487?7=38:%
7-B/"+,-,8:%78%-"6:%"?%:;,%/,6B"8E,8:6`%.,;3+7"/(%I;7=;%6;7?:,E%:"%:;,%4""E%=3:,4"/<$%L8%:;,%78:,/+,8:7"8%
4/"5B(% 'J% B,"B#,% RQYST% E,-"86:/3:,E% 4""E% .,;3+7"/(% I7:;% 38% 3+,/34,% B"6:H:,6:% 6="/,% "?% JJ$'Q% 38E% 3%
6:38E3/E%E,+73:7"8%"?%Y$&&[$%i7G,I76,(%78%:;,%="8:/"#%4/"5B(%''%B,"B#,%RQQST%E76B#3<,E%4""E%.,;3+7"/(%I7:;%
38%3+,/34,%B"6:H:,6:%6="/,%"?%'[$'J%38E%3%6:38E3/E%E,+73:7"8%"?%[$*&0$%
Analysis$of$Differences$in$Average$Values$of$Knowledge,$Attitudes,$and$Behavior$Before$and$After$
Being$Given$Type$2$Diabetes$Mellitus$Modules$and$Videos$in$Bima$City$in$2023$
%
Table$3.$Analysis$of$differences$in$average$values$of$knowledge,$attitudes,$and$behavior$before$and$
after$being$given$modules$and$videos$to$respondents$with$type$2$diabetes$mellitus$in$Bima$City$in$
2023$
Group)
Intervention)
Control)
p)value)
pre-test)
post-test)
pre-test)
post-test)
[C(^=;',;)
.*...8
.*..@"
.*..."
R"")"<';)
.*...8
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Z;!:4)(+)
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%
K;,%6:3:76:7=3#%:,6:%/,65#:6%56784%:;,%M7#="N"8%:,6:%/,+,3#,E%3%67487?7=38:%=;384,%78%:;,%G8"I#,E4,(%
3::7:5E,(%38E%.,;3+7"/%+3/73.#,6%78%.":;%:;,%78:,/+,8:7"8%38E%="8:/"#%4/"5B6$%K;,%78:,/+,8:7"8%4/"5B`6%BH
+3#5,%I36%&$&&&%RBh&$&OT%?"/%:;,%G8"I#,E4,(%3::7:5E,(%38E%.,;3+7"/%+3/73.#,6$%K;76%78E7=3:,6%3%6:3:76:7=3##<%
67487?7=38:% 78=/,36,% 3?:,/% :;,% 3E-7876:/3:7"8% "?% ,E5=3:7"83#% -,E73% 78% :;,% ?"/-% "?% +7E,"6$% K;,6,% /,65#:6%
65BB"/:% :;,% 3==,B:38=,% "?% :;,% 3#:,/83:7+,% ;<B":;,676% R93T(% 67487?<784% :;3:% B/"+7E784% ,E5=3:7"8% :;/"54;%
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="-B#7=3:7"86%?/"-%:<B,%0%E73.,:,6%-,##7:56%78%]7-3%^7:<%78%0&0'$%
International$Journal$of$Social$Service$and$Research%% ;::B61cc7P66/$/7EI38786:7:5:,$="$7Ec%
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?"/% :;,% 3::7:5E,% +3/73.#,(% 38E% &$&&*% RBh&$&OT% ?"/% :;,% .,;3+7"/3#% +3/73.#,$% K;,6,% /,65#:6% 3#6"% 65BB"/:% :;,%
3==,B:38=,%"?%:;,%3#:,/83:7+,%;<B":;,676%R93T(%78E7=3:784%:;3:%B/"+7E784%,E5=3:7"8%56784%-"E5#,%-,E73%;36%
3% 67487?7=38:% 78?#5,8=,% "8% 78=/,36784% G8"I#,E4,(% 3::7:5E,6(% 38E% .,;3+7"/% 78% :;,% ="8:,N:% "?% B/,+,8:784%
="-B#7=3:7"86%?/"-%:<B,%0%E73.,:,6%-,##7:56%78%]7-3%^7:<%78%0&0'$%
A8%,N3-783:7"8%"?%+3/73:7"86%78%:;,%-,38%+3#5,6%"?%G8"I#,E4,(%3::7:5E,6(%38E%.,;3+7"/%.,?"/,%38E%
3?:,/%:;,%B/"+767"8%"?%,E5=3:7"83#%-,E73%I36%=3//7,E%"5:%78%.":;%:;,%78:,/+,8:7"8%38E%="8:/"#%4/"5B6$%K;76%
383#<676%,-B#"<,E%:;,%>388HM;7:8,<%K,6:(%<7,#E784%BH+3#5,6%"?%&$&&&%R#,66%:;38%&$&OT%?"/%G8"I#,E4,(%&$&0%
R#,66%:;38%&$&OT%?"/%3::7:5E,(%38E%&$&&&%R#,66%:;38%&$&OT%?"/%.,;3+7"/$%^"86,_5,8:#<(%7:%=38%.,%E,E5=,E%:;3:%
:;,/,% 3/,% 65.6:38:73#% E76B3/7:7,6% 78% :;,% -,38% #,+,#6% "?% G8"I#,E4,(% 3::7:5E,6(% 38E% .,;3+7"/% .,:I,,8% :;,%
78:,/+,8:7"8%38E%="8:/"#%4/"5B6$%
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3% BH+3#5,% "?% &$&&&(% I;7=;% 76% #,66% :;38% &$&&0(% 78E7=3:784% :;3:% B/"+7E784%+7E,"% ,E5=3:7"83#% -,E73% :"% :;,%
78:,/+,8:7"8%4/"5B%;3E%3%-"/,%65.6:38:73#%7-B3=:%"8%,8;38=784%G8"I#,E4,$%V7-7#3/#<(%:;,%6:3:76:7=3#%:,6:6%
?"/%3::7:5E,6%78%.":;%:;,%78:,/+,8:7"8%38E%="8:/"#%4/"5B6%/,65#:,E%78%3%BH+3#5,%"?%&$&&&(%I;7=;%76%#,66%:;38%
&$&&*(%67487?<784%:;3:%:;,%56,%"?%+7E,"%,E5=3:7"83#%-,E73%I7:;%:;,%78:,/+,8:7"8%4/"5B%;3E%3%-"/,%67487?7=38:%
,??,=:%"8%7-B/"+784%/,6B"8E,8:6`%3::7:5E,6$%AEE7:7"83##<(%:;,%6:3:76:7=3#%:,6:6%?"/%.,;3+7"/%78%:;,%78:,/+,8:7"8%
38E%="8:/"#%4/"5B6%B/"E5=,E%3%BH+3#5,%"?%&$&&&(%I;7=;% 76% #,66%:;38%&$&&*(%E,-"86:/3:784% :;3:%B/"+7E784%
+7E,"%,E5=3:7"83#%-,E73%:"%:;,%78:,/+,8:7"8%4/"5B%;3E%3%-"/,%B/"8"58=,E%,??,=:%"8%7-B/"+784%.,;3+7"/$%
Discussion$
A. Characteristics$of$respondents$with$type$2$diabetes$mellitus$in$Bima$City$
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REFERENCES)
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B%26%&#9+#2,(E"F#/,(!#2(B;#F&"F(C"D"(E%"A$#26(B#5#(@#2"&#(G'"#(E+$+;(B;#(H"F#9(!"(1+#(@"*#.#9(
13&#(B#;"#A#2(-#9+2(0IJK($!
International$Journal$of$Asian$Education$(%
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IJSSR$234,%2765%
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U56-787(%CE<%V5<38:"(%)5/I3;7E3;(%U3:7;%25:/7%>3;3/387%R0&0'T%
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International$Journal$of$Asian$Education$(%
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