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Attribution- ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
Vol.%03,%No.%12,%December%2023%
It#is#-ISSN$:%2807-8691$|$p-#ISSN$:%2807-839X#
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IJSSR!Page!3018
https://doi.org/10.46799/ijssr.v3i12.577%
This%work%is%licensed%under%a%Attribution-ShareAlike%4.0%International%(CC%BY-SA%4.0)
Legal&Protection&of&Rabies&Victims&in&Bali,&Which&
Resulted&in&The&Death&of&Toddler&from&a&Legal&Sociology&
Perspective!
!
Carwan
1
,!Sari!Indah!Lestari
2
,!Yenny!Febrianty
3
,!Mahifal
4%
Legal!Studies,!Faculty!of!Law,!Universitas!Pakuan!Bogor,!Indonesia
1,2,3,4%
Email:[email protected]
1
2
3
,
4%
KEYWORDS$
$
ABSTRACT$
Legal&Protection,&Rabies&Victims,&
Child&Death.$
!
A!toddler!victim!of!rabies!that!causes!death!violates!the!right!to!life,!
survival! and! development! as! outlined! in! the! conception! of! child!
protection!in!the!explanation!of!Law!No.!23!of!2002.!The!problems!
in! this! paper! are:! How! is! the! Legal! Soc io logy! Study! of! the!
Effectiveness! of! Rabies! T ransmission! Prevention! Regulations,! and!
How! is! the! Legal! Protection! of! Rabies!Victims!in!Bali! Causing! the!
Death!of!Toddlers!from!a!Legal!Sociology!Perspective?!The!research!
method! used! is! Juridical-Empirical.! The! results! showed! that! the!
toddler's!parents!were!negligent!in!the!case!discussed!because!the!
wound!was! considered!small! and!safe.! Hence,!the! patient!(family)!
was! negligent! and! did! not! report!to!the! health! facility! for! further!
treatment.!R e g a r d in g !negligence!that!causes!death,!it!is!exp lained!in!
Article!359!of!the!Criminal!Code,!which!reads!as!follows:!"Any! person!
through! whose! fault! (negligence)! causes! the! death! of! another!
person!shall!be!punished!by!a!maximum!imprisonment!of!five!years!
or! a! maximum! light! imprisonment! of! one! year."! From! the!
perspective! of!Legal! Sociology,! there! is! the!arbitrary! treatment! of!
children! carried! out! by! families! without! paying! attention! to! the!
child's!right!to!protection!following!his!health!condition!after!being!
bitten!by!his!pet!dog.!
$
$
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INTRODUCTION)
Rabies!or!mad!dog!disease!is!an!infectious!animal!disease!caused!by!viruses!of!the!Lyssavirus!
(from!the!Greek!Lyssa,!which!means!rage!or!anger),!it!is!acute!and!attacks!the!central!nervous!system,!
warm-blooded!animals!and!humans.!Rabies!comes!from!Latin!"robere,"which!means!angry,!according!
to!Sanskrit"were,”!which!means!violence!(Maryatiningsih et al., n.d.).!
Rabies!is! a!big!challenge!in!Indonesia! because! in!the!last! three! years,!the!average!number!of!
cases!of!rabid!animal!bites!was!more!than!80,000!cases!a!year,!and!the!average!death!was!68!people.!
The!Ministry!of!Health!(Kemenkes)!announced!the!number!of!rabies!cases!in!Indonesia!during!January-
April!2023.!In!April!2023! there!were!31,113!cases!of!rabies,!23,211!cases!of!bites!from!animals!that!had!
received!the!antirabies!vaccine,!and!11!cases!of!deaths!caused!by!rabies.!From!case!reports,!Bali!is!in!
first!place!with!14 ,827!rabies!cases.!In!second!place!is!East!Nusa!Tenggara!(NTT),!which!received!3,437!
rabies!case!reports.!Meanwhile,!South!Sulawesi!is!third,!with!a!total!of!2,338!rabies!cases.! Next!in!fourth!
position!is!West!Kalimantan!with!1,188!cases,!followed!by!fifth,!West!Sumatra,!with!1,171!cases!(Maharani
et al., 2023).!
The! data! above! shows! that! Bali! is! the! province! with! the! highest! number! of! rabies! cases! in!
Indonesia!during!January-April!2023.!Based!on!records!from!the!Bali!Health!Service!(Dinkes),!from!the!
beginning!of!2023!to!June,!19,035!cases!of!rabid!dog!bites!were!recorded.!On!average,!there!are!126!
International!Journal!of!Social!Service!and!Research!,!
Carwan
1
,!Sari!Indah!Lestari
2
,!Yenny!Febrianty
3
,!Mahifal
4
!
IJSSR Page!3019!
rabid!dog!bites!to!humans!per!day.!Kadinkes!Bali!Gede!Anom!stated!that!Bali!has!a!population!of!620,000!
dogs.! Of! the! dogs,! 50-60! percent! have! been! vaccinated! against! rabies.! Meanwhile,! to! achieve! safe!
conditions,!80!to!90!percent!of!dogs!should!be!vaccinated!against!rabies!(Adong et al., 2023).!
One!case!of!rabies!victims!that!is!interesting!to!discuss!is!a!toddler!in!Buleleng!Bali!who!died!of!
rabies!after!being!bitten!by!a!dog.!A!female!toddler!in!Buleleng,!Bali,!died,!suspected!of!being!infected!
with!rabies!after! being!bitten!by!a!dog!on!Sunday!(11/6/2023).!The!child,!a!resident!of!Pangkung!Paruk!
Village,!Seririt!District,!Buleleng!Regency,!died!at!20.20!WITA!while!being!treated!at!Buleleng!Regional!
Hospital.!Head!of!the!Buleleng!Health!Service!(Kadiskes)!Sucipto!confirmed!this!information.!He!said!the!
toddler's!condition!worsened!at!20.00!WITA,!until!he!was!declared!dead!20!minutes!later.!Previously,!
the!toddler!patient!had!been!hospitalized!since!Saturday!(10/6)!with!symptoms!of!not!being!able!to!
drink! water,! pain! when! swallowing,! restlessness,! and! fear! of! wind.! The ! toddler! died! under! the!
circumstances!of!hypersalivasi!with!a!diagnosis!of!encephalitis&rabies&(Kakang et al., 2017).!
A!toddler!who!is!a!victim!of!rabies,!which!results!in!death,!then!there!is!a!violation!of!his!or!her!
right!to!life,!survival,!and!development!as!per!the!concept!of!child!protection!in!the!explanation!of!Law!
Number! 23! of! 2002.! The! right! to! live,! grow,! develop,! and! participate! pretty! by! dignity.! And! human!
dignity,!and!receive!protection!from!violence!and!discrimination.!Moreover,!children's!rights!are!part!of!
human!rights! (Kanang, 2011).!As!stated!in!the! Convention!on!the!Rights!of!the!Child!(CRC),!one!of!the!
guarantees!of!protection!given!to!children!is!the!right!to!life!(Kanang, 2014).!
Thomas!Hobbes!believes!that!law!is!the!order!of!people! who!have!the!power!to!rule!and!enforce!
their! orders! on! other! people.! Meanwhile,!E.! Meyers! believes! that! law! is! all! rules! that! contain! moral!
aspects,!relate!to!people's!behavior!in!society,!and!are!guidelines!for!state!rulers!to!fulfill!their!duties!
(Suratno dan Si).!
Law!by!Ronald!M.!specifies!criteria!by!not!testing!the!content!but!rather!the!origin!or!method!
used!to!develop!it.!Then,!Eugen!Ehrlich!said!that!the!center!of!activity!for!legal!development!lies!not!in!
laws,!legal!science,!or!court!decisions!but!in!society!itself!(Subiharta, 2015).!
In!the!sociological!approach,!the!law,!according!to!Soerjono!Soekanto,!is!a!branch!of!science!that!
analytically!and!empirically!analyzes!or!studies!the!reciprocal!relationship!between!law!and!other!social!
phenomena!(Soekanto, 1993).!The!sociology!of!law! is! a!science!that!emerged!from!the! development! of!
science!and!can!be!understood!by!studying!social!phenomena!in!a!society!whose!legal!aspects!appear.!
In!addition,!legal!sociology!can!meet!the!demands!of!modern!science!to!carry!out!or!make!descriptions,!
explanations,!disclosures,!and!predictions.!The!sociology!of!law!makes!a!concrete!contribution!to!the!
development! of! law! in! general,! considering! that! at! the! level! of! law! implementation! in! society,! legal!
reasoning!is!required!for!law!enforcers!to!provide!legal!opinions,!as!well!as!to!decide!on!cases!that!can!
touch!the!sense!of!justice!in!society!(Soekanto, 1994).!
Satjipto!Rahardjo!is!related!to!law!enforcement!(law&enforcement)!with!the!use!of!the!law!(the&
use&of&the&law).!The!terms!law!enforcement!and!use!of!law!are!two!different!things.!People!can!use!the!
law!to!provide!justice!but!can!also!enforce!the!law!to!be!used!to!achieve!other!goals!or!interests.!Law!
enforcement!is!a!social!sub-system,!so!its!enforcement!is!influenced!by!a!very!complex!environment,!
such! as! developments! in! politics,! economics,! social,! culture,! defense! and! security,! science! and!
technology,!education,!and!so!on!(Rahardjo, 2003).!
About!Legal!Protection,!from!a!legal!sociology!perspective,!as!stated!by!Satjipto!Rahardjo,!legal!
protection! is! protecting! human! rights! that! other! people! harm! and! this! protection! is! given! to! the!
community!so! that! they! can!enjoy!all!the!rights! granted! by! law.!Furthermore,!according! to! Soerjono!
Soekanto,!legal!protection!is!protection!given!to!legal!subjects!through!legal!instruments.!The!elements!
of!legal!protection!are!protection!from!the!government!for!its!citizens!and!guarantees!of!legal!certainty!
(Rahardjo, 2000).!
Furthermore,!from!a!legal!sociology!perspective,!discussing!efforts!to!fulfill!rights!and!provide!
assistance!to!provide!a!sense!of!security!to!crime!victims!as!part!of!community!protection!can!be!realized!
International!Journal!of!Social!Service!and!Research!! https://ijssr.ridwaninstitute.co.id/!
IJSSR!Page!3020!
in!various!forms,!such!as!through!the!provision!of!restitution,!compensation,!medical!services!and!legal!
assistance!(Aslina, 2021; Soekanto, 1984).!
Implementation!experiences!difficulties!in!fulfilling!the!rights!of!victims.!The!legal!position!of!
crime!victims!is!not!recognized!in!the!criminal!justice!system.!Crime!victims!only!act!as!passive!reporters!
and! witnesses.! He! has! no! legal! rights! against! violators,! including! the! right! to! obtain! compensation!
through! the! criminal! justice! system! (Ali, 2023).! Criminal! law! does! not! recognize! the! existence! of!
compensation!for!losses!caused!by!crime!because!the!issue!of!compensation!is!an!individual!victim's!
problem,!which!is!part/coverage!of!civil!law.!Criminal!law!looks!at!the!impact!of!crimes!only!for!evidence!
in!court.!So,!criminal!justice!is!not!held!to!fulfill!the!wishes!of!crime!victims!but!to!try!law!violators!for!
their!violations!(Yulia, 2010).!
Protection! of! crime! victims! requires! an! examination! from! a! legal,! sociological! aspect,!
considering!that!victims!depend!on!the!ongoing!criminal!justice! system.!In!law!enforcement,!the!victim's!
position!is!at!a!disadvantage!through!the!criminal!justice!system.!This!happens!because!the!criminal!
justice!system!is! still!oriented!toward!the! perpetrator,!not! yet!oriented!toward!the!victim.!However,!
about!the!criminal!justice!system,!in!the!context!of!regulating!criminal!law!towards!crime!victims,!two!
models!are!known,!namely!the!procedural!rights!model.!(the&procedural&rights&model)!and!service!mo del!
(Sunarso et al., 2022).!!
Thus,!the!position!of!victims!in!the!justice!system!must!begin!to!be!considered.!The!focus!of!the!
criminal!justice!system's!attention,!which!has!so!far!only!focused!on!criminals,!must!begin!to!shift!its!
attention!to!victims.!Victims!have!legal!interests!that!must!also!be!fulfilled.!Victims!have!rights!that!must!
be!protected.!The!criminal!justice!system!must!also!accommodate!the!interests!and!rights!of!victims.!
The!position!of!the!victim!is!not!only!as!a!sub-complementary!but!also!as!a!subject!seeking!justice.!
The! position! of! the! victim,! who! the! prosecutor! represents,! makes! the! victim's! interests!
increasingly!marginalized.!Victims!have!no!place!in!the!criminal!justice!system.!In!fact,!in!this!context,!
the!prosecutor!has!the!function!of!standing!as!the!victim's!representative!in!court!and!taking!actions!
that!can!protect!the!victim.!The!existence!of!a!public!prosecutor!in!the!criminal!justice!system!cannot!
represent!the!rights!and!interests!of!crime!victims.!The!prosecutions!have!not!protected!the!interests!of!
victims,! especially! in! recovering! victims'! losses.! Prosecution! is! still! oriented! towards! punishing! the!
perpetrator!without!paying!attention!to!the!victim's!losses!(Bakhri, 2014).!
!
METHODS)
The!type!of! research! used! is! Empirical! Legal! Research! (Empirical! Juridical),!which! is! used! to!
analyze!law,!which!is!seen!as!patterned!social!behavior!in!pe ople's!lives!that!always!interact!and!relates!
in!social!aspects!(Sunggono, 2003).!The!research!was!carried!out! empirically!by!collecting!various!library!
and! field! research! data.! The! data! used! are! secondary! data! and! primary! data.! Primary! data! in! this!
research!was!carried!out!by!looking!at!actual!events!that!occurred!in!the!community,!namely!related!to!
rabies!victims!who!died.!Meanwhile,!secondary!data!is!data!that!is!needed!to!complement!primary!data.!
Apart!from!being!in!the!form!of!statutory!regulations,!secondary!data!can!also!be!in!the!form!of!expert!
opinions!regarding!the!problems!in!this!research,!which!are!presented!in!various!literature!from!books,!
scientific! manuscripts,! media.! Time! and! so! on! (Soekanto, 2006).! The! data! that! has! been! collected! is!
analyzed!qualitatively!by!looking!at!facts!that!occur!in!society!and!constructing!statements! contained!in!
documents!and!legislation.!
!
RESULTS)
Legal!Sociology!Study!of!the!Effectiveness!of!Regulations!to!Prevent!the!Transmission!of!Rabies!
Indonesia!is!a!legal!state!based!on!Pancasila!and!the!1945!Constitution.!in!article!27!paragraph!
(1)! states! that! every! citizen! has! the! same! position! under! the! law! and! government! and! is! obliged! to!
uphold! the! law! and! government! without! exception.! However,! in! the! complex! life! of! society,! many!
International!Journal!of!Social!Service!and!Research!,!
Carwan
1
,!Sari!Indah!Lestari
2
,!Yenny!Febrianty
3
,!Mahifal
4
!
IJSSR Page!3021!
deviations!from!applicable!law!are!found!which!ultimately!disrupt!the!order!and!regularity!of!social! and!
national!life!(Nelson, 2022).!
The!discussion!regarding!the!effectiveness!of!law!in!society!is! one!of!the!most!critical!discussions!
in!legal!studies.!This!is!because!legal!science,!which!examines!legal!phenomena!in!society,!has!been!going!
on!for!centuries!and!has!become!the!main!focus!of!legal!studies!(Hajdú & Rahman, 2021).!The!law,!in!its!
development,!follows!the!interests!and!needs!required!by!humans!because!the!law!exists!for!humans,!
not!humans!for!the!law.!So,!in!its!development,!the!legal!aspect!has!become!broader.!This!can!be!seen!
from!the!existence!of!sections!of!law!that!specifically!regulate!certain!matters,!where!in!this!research,!
we!discuss!rabies!cases!that!are!quite!worrying!for!the!security!situation!in!Bali!Province!despite!the!
government's!efforts.!Bali!province.!
The!rabies!case!in!Bali!Province!in!2023!is!the!highest!in!the!history!of!rabies!in!Bali!Province.!
So!there!is!pressure!to!review!Regional!Regulation!Number!15!of!2009!concerning!rabies!control,!which!
has!been!around!for!a!long!time.!This!fact!also!further!emphasizes!the!importance!of!legal!sociology,!
which!discusses!law!at!the!level!of!implementation!(in!reality).!
Legal! sociology! is! law-oriented.! Sociologists! who! orient! their! views! specifically! toward! legal!
sociology! issues! include! Emile! Durkheim,! Max! Weber,! and! Roscoe! Pound.! Emelie! Durkheim,! for!
example,!said!that!there!must!always!be!solidarity!in!every!society.!This!solidarity!is!divided!into!two,!
namely!organic!solidarity!and!mechanical!solidarity.!
Organic! solidarity! will! be! found! in! the! modern! model! of! society,! where! the! laws! contained!
therein!are!restitutive!laws,!like!what!we!find!in!civil!law.!While!mechanical!solidarity!will!be!found!in!
simpler!societies,!the!law!is!repressive,!as!is!associated!with!criminal!law.!To!find!out!the!location!or!
scope!of!legal!sociology,!there!are!two!things,!namely!as!follows:!
1. Social!foundations!of!law!or!social!basis!of!law.!For!example,!in!Indonesian!national!law,!the!social!
basis!for!its!application!is!the!Pancasila!ideology!with!the!main!ch aracteristics,!namely!co o peration,!
deliberation,!and!kinship;!
2. The!effects!of!law!on!other!social!phenomena.!
To! examine! these! legal! aspects! relating! to! social! phenomena,! the! assessment! that! must! be!
carried!out!is!towards!the!effectiveness!of!the!law.!Legal!effectiveness!means!that!people!act!according!
to!legal!norms!or!rules!as!they!must!act,!and!these!norms!are!implemented!and!obeyed!(Sabian, 2009).!
Hans!Kelsen!believes!that!when!discussing!legal!effectiveness,!it!is!also!related!to!discussing!legal!
validity.!Legal!validity!means!that!legal!norms!are!basically!binding,!that!people!must!act!according!to!
the!law!(positive!legal!norms).!Legal!effectiveness!is!the!law's!ability!to!create!or!give!birth!to!conditions!
or!situations!desired!by!the!law!or!implemented!by!the!law!(Siregar, 2018).!It!can!be!concluded!that!legal!
sociology! and! effectiveness! have! a! very! close! relationship! because! what! will! be! discussed! in! legal!
sociology!will!be!separate!from!an!assessment!of!how!far!the!effectiveness!of!law!exists!in!society!as!
part!of!a!social!phenomenon.!
Legal!effectiveness!is!an!activity!that!shows!a!general!problem!formulation!strategy,!namely!a!
comparison!of!legal!reality!with!legal!ideals.!In!particular,!the!steps!between!law!in!action!(law&in&action)!
with!laws!in!theory!(law&in&theory).!In!other!words!this!activity!will!show!the!relationship!between!law&
in&action&and&law&in&theory&(Soekanto, 1985).!
According! to! Black,! the! main! problem! of! legal! effectiveness! is! examining! whether! the! law!
applies.!To!find!out!how!the!law!applies,!Black!recommends!between!legal!ideals!(rules!formulated!in!
laws!or!judges'!decisions)!and!legal!reality!(Antar, 2019).!According!to!Soerjono!Soekanto,!if!someone!says!
that! a! legal! rule! has! succeeded! or! failed! to! achieve! a! goal,! then! it! is! usually! measured! whether! its!
influence! has! succeeded! in! regulating! certain! attitudes! or! behavior! so! that! it! is! by! the! goal.! This!
statement!shows!that!the!implementation!of!the!law!is!realizing!the!law!as!behavior!or!behavior.!In!legal!
effectiveness,!statements!of!legal!rules!can!refer!to!substantive!law!(material!law)!and!procedural!law!
(formal! law).! Likewise,! when! discussing! the! effectiveness! of! law! in! Indonesian! society,! it! means!
International!Journal!of!Social!Service!and!Research!! https://ijssr.ridwaninstitute.co.id/!
IJSSR!Page!3022!
discussing! the! working! power! of! law! in! regulating! and! forcing! citizens! to! obey! the! law.! Legal!
effectiveness! means! examining! legal! rules! that! must! meet! the! requirements,! namely! being! valid!
juridically,!sociologically,!and!philosophically.!
Two!things!can!be!done!to!conduct!studies!related!to!legal!effectiveness.First,!measure!general!
legal!compliance!and!look!at!what!factors!influence!it.!Then,!second,!look!at!compliance!with!certain!or!
specific!legal!rules!and! what! factors! influence! it! (Anas et al., 2021).! One!of!the! efforts!usually!made!to!
ensure!that!people!comply!with!legal!rules!is!to!include!sanctions.!These!sanctions!can!be! in!the!form!of!
negative!or!positive!sanctions,!the!purpose!of!which!is!to!create!stimulation!so!that!people!do!not!carry!
out!despicable!or!commendable!actions!(Soekanto, 1976).!
Certain!conditions!are!required!that!must!be!met!for!the!law!to!influence!human!attitudes!or!
behavior.! The! conditions! that! must! exist! include,! among! other! things,! that! the! law! must! be!
communicable.!Legal!communication!focuses!more!on!attitude!because!attitude!is!a!mental!readiness!
so! that! a! person! tends! to! give! a! good! or! wrong! view,! which! manifests! in! actual! behavior.! If! what! is!
communicated! cannot! reach! the! problems! directly! faced! by! the! target! of! legal! communication,!
difficulties!will!be!encountered.!The!result!is!that!the!law!has!no!effect!at!all!or!even!has!a!negative!effect.!
This!is!because!their!needs!cannot!be!met!and!understood,!resulting!in!frustration,!pressure,!or!even!
conflict.!
One!of!the!actual! keys!to!success!is!dog!keeping.!Because!if!there!are!still!wild!ones!that!are!not!
cared! fo r,!they!will!be!very!vulnerable.!The!department!has! prepared!650!thousand!vaccines!for!the!dog!
population!of!around!618!thousand.!Then,!apart!from!the!budget!from!the!provincial!APBD ,!APBN,!there!
is!also!assistance!from!world!animal!health!organizations.!
Legal!Protection!for!Rabies!Victims!in!Bali!which!Resulted!in!the!Death!of!Toddlers!from!a!Legal!
Sociology!Perspective!
In!the!case!of!a!toddler!in!Buleleng,!Bali!who!died!of!rabies!after!being!bitten!by!a!dog,!according!
to!the!Head!of!the!Buleleng!Health!Service!(Kadiskes)!Sucipto,!the!toddler!patient!had!a!history!of!being!
bitten!by!his!pet!dog.!The!dog!is!five!months!old.!The!patient!was!bitten!about!a!month!ago,!when!he!was!
trying! to! get! a! toy! under! his! bed.! Unexpectedly,! his! pet! dog! immediately! bit! his! left! arm,! causing!
scratches.! The! toddler! was! not! immediately! taken! to! a! hospital! or! health! facility! to! receive! medical!
treatment.!Therefore,!the!victim!did!not!have!time!to!receive!the!anti-rabies!vaccine!(VAR).!After!biting,!
the!dog!was!killed!by!the!patient's!father.!The!wound!on!the!patient's!left!hand!was!only!washed!at!home,!
using!soap!and!running!water.!
It!was!further!discovered!that!there!was!negligence!on!the!part!of!the!toddler's!parents,!because!
the! wound! was! considered! small! and! safe,! so! the! patient! (family)! ignored! it! and! did! not! report!
themselves!to!a!health!facility!for!further!treatment.!Due!to!this!negligence,!based!on!the!investigation!
carried!out,!no!legal!action!has!been!taken!against!the!toddler's!parents,!even!though!their!negligence!
resulted!in!the!toddler's!death.!
At!a!normative!level,!cases!of!negligence!that!result!in!another!person's!death,!injury!or!damage!
often!appear!in!court!charges.!In!the!case!discussed,!the!parents!did!not!report!themselves!to!a!health!
facility! for! further! treatment.! Regarding! Negligence! Causing! Death,! Article! 359! of! the! Criminal! Code!
explains!as!follows:!"Whoever,!through!his!fault!(negligence)!causes!another!person!to!die,!is!threatened!
with!imprisonment!for!a!maximum!of!five!years!or!imprisonment!for!a!maximum!of!one!year"!(Hamzah,
2018).!
Regarding!the!article!about!negligence!causing!death!in!Article!359!of!the!Criminal!Code!which!
reads! as! above,! R.! Soesilo! explained! that! the! death! of! a! person! here! is! not! intended! at! all! by! the!
defendant,!but!that!death!is!only!the!result!of!the!defendant's!lack!of!care!or!negligence!(delik!culpa!).!
Soesilo!gave!an!example,!for!example,!a!driver!was!driving!his!car! too !fast,!so!it!hit!a!person!to!death,!or!
a!hunter!saw!a!black!figure!in!the!vegetation,!thought!it!was!a!pig!and!deer!and!then!shot!it!dead,!but!it!
turned!out!that!the!figure!he!thought!was!a!pig!was!a!human,!or!a!person.!It!was!messing!around!with!a!
firearm,!because!you!were!not!careful!enough!to!fire!it!and!hit!another!person,!causing!them!to!die!and!
International!Journal!of!Social!Service!and!Research!,!
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so!on.!Meanwhile,!what!is!meant!by!"because!of!his!fault"!is!being!careless,!neglecting!to!forget,!and!very!
inattentive!(Budiman, 2018).!
In!addition!to!Article!359!of!the!Criminal!Code!which!reads!as!above,!if!someone's!negligence!
causes!a!fire!or!flood,!prosecution!can!be!carried!out!based!on!Article!188!of!the!Criminal!Code:!"Any!
person!who,!by!mistake!(negligence)!causes!a!fire,!explosion!or!flood,!is!threatened!with!imprisonment!
for! a! maximum! of! five! years! or! a! maximum! imprisonment! of! one! year! or! a! maximum! fine! of! four!
thousand!five!hundred!rupiah,!if!because!of!the!action!there!is!a!public!danger!to!property,!if!because!of!
the!action!there!is!a!danger! to!the!lives!of!other!people,!or!if!the!action! causes!a!person!to!die."!Regarding!
fines!in!Article!188!of!the!Criminal!Code!based!on!Perma!2/2012,!the!maximum!amount!of!the!fine!is!
multiplied!to!1000!times,!which!means!it!is!IDR!4.5!million.!
From! a! legal! sociology! perspective,! children! have! an! important! social! position! and! role! as!
members!of!society.!Children's!problems!that!develop!in!society!are!still!considered!the!responsibility!
of!parents,!because!children!are!helpless,!weak!and!innocent!(Angriani!et!al.,!2023).!Parents!who!cannot!
carry!out!their!obligations!and!responsibilities!because!the!parents!are!absent,!or!their!whereabouts!are!
unknown,!or!for!some!reason!cannot!carry!out!their!obligations!and!responsibilities,!their!obligations!
and! responsibilities! can! be! transferred! to! the! family,! which! is! carried! out! in! accordance! with! the!
provisions!of!the!laws!and!regulations.!invitation.!What!is!meant!by!family!is!the!smallest!unit!in!society!
consisting!of!husband!and!wife,!or!husband!and!wife!and!their!children,!or!father!and!children,!or!mother!
and!children,!or!blood!families!in!a!straight!line!up!or!down!to!the!third!degree!(Afifah, 2020).!
Children! as! potential! and! the! younger! generation! are! obliged! to! continue! the! ideals! of! the!
nation's!struggle!and!ensure!the!existence!of!the!nation!in!the!future.!To!realize!these!ideals,!it!is!the!
obligation!and!duty!of!the!previous!generation!to!provide!direction,!guidance!and!provide!the!widest!
possible! opportunities! for! children! to! progress! and! develop! and! strive! to! gradually! prevent! and!
eliminate!child!labor!in! Indonesia.!Parental!negligence!which!results! in!the! death!of! a!child!refers!to!
arbitrary!treatment!of!children!carried!out!by!the!family!without!paying!attention!to!the!child's!rights!
to!receive!protection!in!accordance!with!their!health!development.!Where!parents!should!understand!
that!with!the!outbreak!of!rabies!in!Bali!Province,!they!should!not!neglect!to!take!them!to!Health!Services.!
!
CONCLUSION)
In!the!Sociology!of! Law! Study,! the! government's! preventive! efforts! through! legal! regulations!
have!shown!to! be!ineffective,!this!is!because!since!the!emergence!of!rabies!cases!which! have!caused!
quite!a!concern!for!the!security!situation!in!Bali!Province,!there!has!even!been!an!increase!in!cases!of!
rabid!dog!bites!in!Bali!Province.!Where!one!of!the!victims!was!a!toddler!who!died.!
In!this!case,!it!turned!out!that!there!was!negligence!on!the!part!of!the!toddler's!parents,!because!
the! wound! was! considered! small! and! safe,! so! the! patient's! (family)! ignored! it! and! did! not! report!
themselves!to!a!health!facility!for!further!treatment.!Due!to!this!negligence,!based!on!the!investigation!
carried!out,!no!legal!action!has!been!taken!against!the!toddler's!parents,!even!though!their!negligence!
resulted!in!the!toddler's!death.!At!a!normative!level,!cases!of!negligence!that!result!in!another!person's!
death,!injury!or!damage!often!appear!in!court!charges.!Where!in!the!case!discussed!the!parents!did!not!
report!themselves!to!a! health!facility!to!receive!further!treatment.!Regarding!Negligence!Causing!Death,!
Article!359!of!the!Criminal!Code!explains!as!follows:!"Whoever,!through!his!fault!(negligence)!causes!
another!person!to!die,!is!threatened!with!imprisonment!for!a!maximum!of!five!years!or!imprisonment!
for!a!maximum!of!one!y ear."!Meanwhile,!from!a!legal!sociology!perspective,!there!is! arbitrary!treatment!
of!children!carried!out!by!families!without!paying!attention!to!the!child's!right!to!receive!protection!in!
accordance!with!his!health!condition!after!being!bitten!by!his!pet!dog.!
!
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