Introduction
Culture comes from the Sanskrit "budhayah",
which comes from the plural form of buddhi as it means mind or reason. In Dutch
it is known as cultuur.
According to R. Linton (1893-1953), culture can be seen as
a learned configuration of character, in which the governing elements are
assisted and continued by other members of the community.
The ethos or spirit of culture in anthropology originates
from English which means personality or character with distinctive
characteristics. The spirit of culture is often seen in the behavior of
residents, the hobbies of local residents, as well as culture in the form of
objects that are products composed by residents.
The culture of each community consists of large elements
as well as small elements as it is one component of a unity with integrity. Two
anthropologists, namely Melville J. Herskovits and Bronislaw Malinowski, argue
that Cultural Determinism means that all entities as they exist in the audience
are determined by the culture belonging to the inhabitants of the region.
Meanwhile, Herkovits views customs as something that
is classified as superorganic, because tradition is something that is passed
down from generation to generation that continues to live, even though the
individuals who become the clump are always changing due to death and birth.
Marriage is a very crucial thing for humans in this phase
of their life. Marriage is a very sacred thing in the eyes of society, where
marriage is a union between two different families, namely the groom's family
and the bride's family.
The culture and customs of marriage in each tribe are
different. Starting from the clothes to the ceremony is very different. That's
because the culture brought by the ancestors was different. The culture and
customs of each tribe also have their own values and meanings.
At Bugis traditional weddings, there are several
processions carried out before the wedding ceremony, namely (1) Mammanu'-manu', (2) Mappettuada, (3) Mappasau botting
& Cemme passih, (4) Mappacci (Wenni Mappacci), (5) Mappanre Temme, (6) Mappenre botting, (7) Madduppa botting, (8) Mappasikarawa,
(9) Mapparola, and others.
In this journal the author will discuss a little about the
mappacci procession (wenni mappacci). We will discuss the meaning and procession of
the mappacci.
Method
Data collection method is a
procedure that is very crucial in a study, because the main purpose of research
is to obtain information. If the researcher does not know what the data
collection technique is, then the data collected will not meet the established
standards.
Data analysis is a process of
finding and compiling data in an organized manner obtained from interviews,
memos from the field, and other results, so that the data obtained can be
understood in a simple way and the findings can be explained to the general
public.
In this study, the data sources
were obtained from interviews. This data collection method is carried out by
the interview process by observing what data will be obtained and making memos.
Esterberg (2002) stated that there are several types of
interviews or interviews, including: a) structured interviews, b)
semi-structured interviews, and c) unstructured interviews.
In this study, the mode established
was unstructured interview, where this modality was an interview modality that
freed the examiner not to implement the interview instructor who had been
arranged systematically. In this unstructured interview, the analyst initially
did not know for sure what data would be obtained, therefore the reviewer would
listen to information that was later conveyed by the informant.
Results
And Discussion
1. What is the tradition of mappacci?
Mappacci is a word derived from the
word paccing which means clean. In other words, mappacci is one of the processions in the customary wedding
tradition of the Bugis tribe which means cleaning oneself from something ugly.
In its interpretation, that is to cleanse the heart, mind, actions/behavior,
and bond.
This
wenni mappacci tradition is
performed on the night before the wedding ceremony is performed. This mappacci tradition is performed at night, so it is also
called tudampenni/wenni mappacci. Mappacci is performed
at the place/house of the bride and the people who give pacci
leaves number 7 to 9 people or whatever the odd number.
After
the mappacci procession is carried out, it is usually
also performed the traditional procession of mappanre
temme or in Indonesian called Khatamul
Qur'an. Khatamul Qur'an is done after wenni mappacci with the reason
that he has cleaned himself, so it is better to finish the Qur'an as a feeling
of gratitude to Allah SWT. but, when the bride -to -be has performed the
customary procession of mappanre temme
in the time before marriage or in her childhood, then there is no longer any
need to perform the procession of mappanre temme after the procession of wenni
mappacci.
Mappacci is a culture that is not
obligatory in Islam. However, some religious leaders in the Bugis region
consider it as sennu-sennungeng ri
deceng which means cindur
eyes for beauty.
2. Mappacci
Custom Procession The mappacci
Custom
procession is held the night before the wedding day at the place of the bride
and groom. In the house of the bridegroom, ausually
made lamming small (small lamination) iswhich will be
occupied later by the bridegroom during the wenni mappacci procession. In the lamming according to Susan Bolyard Millar (2009) some equipment that must be prepared,
namely:
1)
A head pillow placed in front
of the bride, whose function is to place the hands of the bride to be given aleaf paccing.
2)
Sarung/Lipa 'seven layers as
arranged on a pillow.
3)
After Lipa 'is placed on the
pillow, place a banana leaf shoot on the pillow.
4)
Also placed jackfruit leaves
with a total of seven pieces, which are positioned on top of banana leaves.
5)
Then, a plate filled with
jasmine rice is also called the wenno or roasted rice
until fluffy.
6)
Candles, as a metaphor for
illumination.
7)
Paccing leaf (Girlfriend leaf)
There
is afrom tipAnregurutta
that is quite popular and attached to this wenni mappacci procession, namely, "two mitu
amala ri yala sappo ri
lalenna atuwongnge, iyanaritu unganna panasae (mud) sibawa belona kanukue (paccing)", as in his interpretation of living in the
world there are two qualities that must be held, namely, honesty and
cleanliness. Hence, there are paccing leaves and
jackfruit leaves which are icons of cleanliness or purity.
Conclusion
Mappacci is a
word that comes from the word paccing which means clean. In other words,
mappacci is one of the processions in the Bugis ethnic wedding tradition which
means to clean oneself from something bad. In a sense, namely cleaning the
mind, heart, actions/behaviors, and intentions.
Mappacci is a
culture that is not mandatory in Islam. However, some religious leaders in the
Bugis region consider it sennu-sennungeng ri deceng which means love of
goodness.
Some
of the equipment that must be prepared are:
1. One
head pillow that is placed in front of the bride and groom, whose function is
to place the hands of the bride and groom who will be givenleaves
paccing.
2. Cover/Lipa'
seven layers as arranged on the pillow.
3. After
Lipa' is placed on the pillow, also place a sheet of banana leaf on the pillow.
4. There
are also seven jackfruit leaves, which are placed on top of the banana leaves.
5. Then,
a plate filled with jasmine rice is also called wenno or rice that is roasted
until it expands.
6. Candles,
as an allusion to lighting.
7. Pacing
leaves (henna leaves)
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