Mapping PT PLN (Persero) Consumer Willingness to Make Electricity Account Payments (Willingness To Pay) Based on Regional Characteristics Using the Ranking Analysis Method

ABSTRACT

month experience increase , while the trend is repayment receivables prepaid experience decrease , with setting performance targets receivables prepaid in 2023 , expected receivables prepaid will can more controlled and of course at a time support acceleration of cash in flow company .

METHODS
This research flow chart was prepared to understand the research process carried out (Bryman 2016;Bell, Bryman, and Harley 2022).The flow chart used in carrying out the research is as presented in Figure 3.1 below :

Criteria Screening Survey
The next stage was to conduct a survey of respondents spread throughout Indonesia who were PLN employees who were currently handling consumer receivables collection work in their respective Based on the results of the survey conducted, it produces a score or survey value as the poverty ratio is considered by respondents to be the most influencing factor with a total value of 76.The second factor is the size of the regional minimum wage or UMR with a value of 62.To recapitulate the survey results, it is presented in the table as follows.below this.

Expert Interviews
Using the Delphi Method, in this research interviews were conducted with competent experts in the field of receivables collection.These experts are PLN employees consisting of manager and senior manager level officials as well as expert director staff who have many years of experience in collecting PLN consumer receivables.
The interviews were carried out at the PLN Head Office located on Jl.Trunojoyo Blok MI No. 135 Kebayoran Baru, South Jakarta.The number of experts who were interviewed was 10 people, taking into account that this number was >5% of the number of respondents from the survey conducted at the beginning of the research.
The results of the first interview along with evidence from its implementation are as shown in the picture below.

Figure 4. Documentation results interview with experts
The recapitulation of the results of the first interview with the expert is as shown in the table below.In accordance with the method used, namely the Delphi method, interviews were conducted twice to ensure whether the assessment made in the first interview was appropriate or the expert reviewed the answers at the first meeting with the results as shown in the evidence picture below.An additional influencing factor is the cultural development index, because the education index is one of the dimensions of cultural development.

Figure 5. Documentation results interview second with expert
The recapitulation of the results of the second interview with the expert is as shown in the table below.

Implementation of the Regional Characteristics Index on Electricity Receivables
From the results of using the Delphi method which has been implemented in this research, the author will make a comparison between the index value and the actual receivables data per each province.The receivables data used will be calculated as a percentage to compare the amount of arrears with turnover in the province.The receivables used are electricity receivables as per data on 31 December 2022 based on reports published by PLN through the 2022 statistical report which can be downloaded from the web www.pln.co.id.Meanwhile, sales per report for 2022 are also obtained from the PT PLN (Persero) statistical report which is downloaded on the page www.pln.co.id.The PLN Main Unit receivables data as of December 31 2022 is as shown in the table below.In contrast to the previous average speed of collecting consumer receivables, if you look at the receivables ratio, which is IDR Receivables compared to IDR Sales, then UID Jakarta Raya has the highest ratio with a value of 10.09%, different from the highest average collection days found at UID Banten.Meanwhile, for the lowest value, there is a similarity between the average collection days and the receivables ratio, namely PLN UIW NTT is ranked first as the unit with the lowest value.
In this research, regional characteristic index trials will be carried out only on parent units that oversee 1 province, including the Main Distribution Unit/Region of Aceh, North Sumatra, West Sumatra, Bangka Belitung, Lampung, West Kalimantan, NTT, NTB, East Java, Java West, Greater Jakarta, Bali and Banten.These 13 units will be assessed based on the Regional Characteristics Index determined by the Expert .Obtained from this research are as in the table below.From the table above, if you pay attention to the significance value as those with smaller values have a better influence than larger values, then the Cultural Development Index has the smallest value which is close to 0.05 so that the cultural development index is the factor that most influences the size electricity receivables.

Research Results using the Ranking Analysis Method
If compared with the implementation of the survey and the results of interviews with experts using the Delphi method (2x interviews) and testing using the t-test, the following comparison is obtained: Table 10.By considering the similarity of factors related to income or economic level of the community, including regional poverty ratio, regional/provincial minimum wage, regional per capita income and gross regional domestic product (GRDP), taking into account the research objectives to obtain more specific analysis results, then The average calculation was carried out on these four factors with the results as shown in the table below.This is in accordance with the results of the second interview with experts , as the formation of culture in society is the main factor that makes PLN consumers carry out routine payment of electricity bills with a rate of 1.0.Another influencing factor is economic conditions/income with a rate of 2.3, followed by the reliability of electricity services from PLN itself with a value of 2.7.

Data testing using the Borda calculation method
If an analysis is carried out based on regions, in this research the regions in Indonesia are grouped into 3 regions, namely: 1. Sumkal Regional which consists of all provinces on the islands of Sumatra and Kalimantan 2. Jamali Regional which consists of all provinces on the islands of Java, Madura and Bali International Journal of Social Service and Research https://ijssr.ridwaninstitute.co.id/IJSSR Page 2599 3. Sulmapana Regional which consists of all provinces on the islands of Sulawesi, Maluku, Papua and Nusa Tenggara The results of the analysis using the Borda calculation method, according to the literature obtained from the Toolshero article with the title Borda Calculation Method (Janse, 2019)are as follows: Table 3Calculation

Interpretation of Research Results
From the results of research using both the ranking analysis method and calculations using the Borda method, it was found that there were 3 (three) major regional characteristic factors that influence the willingness of PLN consumers to pay electricity bills, namely educational and cultural factors, economic factors and community income and then electricity service reliability factors (Bornmann et al. 2014;Chen et al. 2019).Education and cultural factors are the first factors in this research, supported by several journals such as (Ajzen 1980;Zeithaml 1988) as consumer behavior or consumer behavior can influence the consumer's purchasing power, including electricity bill payments (Al Irsyad et al. 2020).Apart from being related to consumer behavior, it turns out that company culture also influences the size of receivables, as stated in the research journal by (Jeyachitra et al. 2010;Juliati 2021;Viklund and Wallvik 2014;Anand and Gupta 2002;Atkinson 2011).
The next results of this research are economic factors and community income (poverty ratio, minimum wage, per capita income, people's purchasing power and others), both based on survey results, interview results, calculation approaches from the t-test and calculation tests using the Borda method, both show that economic factors are one of the factors that influence the size of consumer receivables, this is supported by several research journals, including (Sopranzetti 1998;Mian and Smith Jr 1992;Sopranzetti 1999;Khairani and Veralita 2015;Unsulbar, Purwati, and Dahlia 2018).

CONCLUSION
Willingness to pay electricity bills by PLN consumers can be influenced by regional characteristics in order of the most influencing, among others is education index and cultural development index , economic factors and income , reliability of electricity services , regional International Journal of Asian Education , Rahmada Mulia Whardana Moljoadie IJSSR Page 2600 happiness index , regional density ratio , public information and communication management index , the use of ranking analysis methods from several methods can be used to test the dominant factors in determining priority levels between criteria that refer to regional/provincial characteristics, namely survey method, Delphi-based interview method with experts two interviews), calculation analysis method using independent sample t-test, namely comparing statistical data with actual arrears data per region, then finally Testing was carried out using the Borda calculation method to see regional conditions based on survey results.From these results, initial mapping can be carried out to obtain the right strategy for billing consumer electricity bills based on the consumer's willingness to pay behavior according to the characteristics of the consumer's area.
From the results of 3 methods, namely conducting surveys, expert interviews, and t-test sample calculations, the average ranking results were obtained where the main factor influencing consumers' willingness to pay electricity bills was the development of education and culture with an average value of 1.0, then followed by economic conditions and income factors, namely with the same average value of 2.3.The third factor with a value of 2.7 is related to the reliability of electricity services, namely the reliability of electricity services which is measured through the realization of SAIDI and SAIFI in each region.Meanwhile, the results of calculations using the Borda method get the same results as the average calculations using ranking.This shows that the 3 main factors that influence the willingness of PLN consumers to make electricity payments, thus influencing the size of receivables, are educational and cultural factors, economic factors and community income and electricity service reliability factors.

Figure
Figure 1.Amount respondents based on work units

Figure 6 .
Figure 6.PLN Main Unit Electricity Receivables Report as of December 31, 2022When compared with sales, the average speed of billing days is obtained based on data contained in the PLN statistical report with results as in the table below:

Table 2Service strategy information and communication public by the Ministry of Communication and Information The
Cultural Development Index (IPK) is prepared by referring to the Culture Development Indicators (CDIs) framework developed by UNESCO.Based on this framework, CDIs are compiled by 22 indicators grouped into the seven dimensions mentioned above with weight percentages as in the following table:

Table 6 . Recapitulation results interview second No. Factor affecting Number of Values
International Journal of Social Service and Research https://ijssr.ridwaninstitute.co.id/IJSSR Page 2593

Table 7 . Ratio Receivables Consumer compared to with Income Sale Parent Unit Rp Sales Rp. Receivables % Ratio International Journal of Social Service and Research https
://ijssr.ridwaninstitute.co.id/IJSSR Page 2595

Table 11 . Grouping factor in accordance with similarity character
So the final results of the research based on the three methods are as shown in the table below.