Design and Manufacture of 3 Phase Electric Engine Hydrophore Control System
Hasiah
Makassar Merchant Marine Polytechnic, Makassar,
Indonesia
*email: [email protected]
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Keywords |
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ABSTRACT |
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Hydrophore,
Electric machine, control |
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On board there is a temporary water reservoir called a hydrophore? Hydrophore serves
to distribute fresh water that will flow to all parts of the ship's hull or
accommodation on the ship, the hydrophore pressure
tank cannot work for a long time if the ship is in black out condition. This
research method is a type of Experimental research. Data collection
techniques carried out are observation, design, making, measurement and
documentation. The analysis method uses a descriptive analysis method by
describing the working principle of the 3 Phase Electric Machine Hydrophore Control System that has been designed and made
by the Research Team. The results of the study produced a 3 Phase Electric
Machine Hydrophore Control System trainer we made
with the hope that it can be a material or learning tool for students
studying at the Polytechnic of Shipping Sciences, especially cadets / cadets
of Diploma IV Shipping students who have not carried out sea practice so that
when they carry out sea practice there is already an idea they get about the Hydrophore control system Although the tool we made is
only a miniature because the tank we use is on a small size scale. |
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INTRODUCTION
Theera of ships as a means of transportation is very important andhelps smooth transportation from one place to another.
In this development, it takes the ability of sailors to maintain, maintain, and
operate ships to safely reach their destination. In the course of the ship, in
traveling from the place of origin to the destination, the crew needed fresh
water for their activities.
On board there is a temporary water reservoir called a hydrophore. Hydrophore serves to
distribute fresh water that will be flowed to all parts of the ship's body or
accommodation on the ship. To get this pressure, the hydrophore
requires water and air that has the pressure of both media will be inserted
into the tank. And when the pressure is sufficient, what if the faucet that is
accommodated is open, the water will flow, this is because the pressure has
been fulfilled.
Water and air were previously compressed by compressors
and fresh water pumps. With the help of
pressure from the air, it is expected that the water coming out of the vessel
will have high pressure and be able to reach all parts of the ship's body
without having to lose air pressure. On board, hydrophore
generally there is only one piece, namely fresh water hydrophore,
which is in the engine room and placed in an area that is easy to reach without
disturbing or hindering the activities of the engine crew in carrying
out maintenance or repair on the main engine or other auxiliary
aircraft.
However, the hydrophore pressure tank cannot work for a long
time if the ship is in black out condition. This happens because the
pump supplying water to the hydrophore
pressure tank does not get electricity supply so that the pump will
automatically stop working. Similarly, the air compressor will not work if
there is no electricity that functions to drive the motor on the air
compressor. This is what makes the author want to create a teaching aid to be
used as learning material for other students. Based on the results of research
from Ridho Rahmadianto,
entitled Design and Build Hydrophore
Pressure Tank Trainers in MV.
Mutiara Perindo I, and Journal at the
National Seminar on Aviation Innovation and Technology, about Design and Build
a Prototype Control and Monitoring of a PLC-Based Centralized Clean Water
Distribution System at the Surabaya Aviation Polytechnic. From the Journal the
author was motivated to make the Design and Design of the Hydrophore
Control System, this design the author developed by utilizing used Oxygen Gas
Cylinders as tubes, functioning for water storage tanks and compressed air
while Oxygen Gas Cylinders are used as the main material and are prototypes in
the construction of hydrophore pressure tank designs.
The designer
chose Used Oxygen Gas Cylinders as the main material for the tubes, because it
has several reasons, one of which is to use Oxygen gas cylinders that are no
longer used. In addition, gas cylinders are easy to get and the construction is
in accordance with water storage tubes, the author takes the title:
"Design and Design of 3 Phase Electric Engine Hydrophore
Control System" This will be very useful if it can be applied in
educational institutions, especially in PIP MAKASSAR as teaching aids or
practices will add insight to students who have never previously been ship
crews or crew members, so that at the time of the prala
on the ship already have an idea of the Hydrophore
control system. Both regarding the electric control and the Enggine control
The problem
addressed in this study pertains to the design and fabrication of a 3 Phase
Electric Machine Hydrophore Control Tool intended for
educational purposes among students. The research aims to achieve two primary objectives: first, to
develop a practical tool and demonstration model for illustrating the
functioning of the 3 Phase Electric Machine Hydrophore
control system, and second, to provide educational material to enhance the
understanding of students, particularly those in Engineering programs, about
this specific system. The research's significant benefits include the
advancement of students' knowledge, particularly those enrolled in engineering
programs, by offering a deeper comprehension of the operational principles of
the 3 Phase Electric Machine Hydrophore control
system. Additionally, it serves as a practical resource for students,
specifically those pursuing a Diploma IV in Shipping Engineering, to facilitate
their learning and experimentation with the 3 Phase Electric Machine Hydrophore control system.
LITERATURE REVIEW
A.
Understanding System Design Design
is the drawing, planning and sketching or arrangement of various separate
elements into a whole and functioning unit (Syifaun Nafisah, 2003: 2).
Understanding design according to experts include:
According to Varzello/John
Reuter III design is the stage after analysis of the system developer cycle:
Defining the functional requirements and preparation for design implementation:
"Describing how a system is formed."
According to John Buch &;
Gary Grudnitski, design can be defined as the
drawing, planning and sketching or arrangement of several separate elements
into a whole and functioning whole.
1.
According to George M. Scott planning is determining how
the system will accomplish what it must accomplish; This
stage involves configuring the software and hardware components of a system, so
that after installation of the system it will be completely satisfactory to the
design that has been established at the end of the system analysis stage.
When creating a system to create a system that will be
used in a company, each application developer is required to make a design of
the system to be created. This design aims to provide an overview of the system
that will run later to each stakeholder.
There are also theories about the understanding of system
design according to experts including:
According to Satzinger, Jackson
and Burd (2012: 5) system design is a set of
activities that describe in detail how the system will run. It aims to produce
software products that suit user needs.
2.
According to Kenneth and Jane (2006: G12) system design
is the activity of designing and determining how to process information systems
from the results of system analysis so that the system is in accordance with
the requirements
3.
According to O'Brien and Marakas
(2009: 639) system design is an activity to design and determine how to process
information systems from the results of system analysis so that it can meet the
needs of users including user interface design, data and process activities.
From some of the
theories above, it can be concluded that system design is a design process to
design a new system or improve an existing system so that the system becomes
better and usually this process consists of the process of designing inputs,
outputs and files.
B.
Hydrophore or
Pressure Tank, serves to relieve the work of the pump from start-stop
conditions that are too frequent. Working principle of hydrophore.
Water that has been collected in the lower tank is pumped into a closed tank
which results in the air being compressed so that water with sufficient initial
pressure is available to be distributed to plumbing equipment throughout the
planned building. The pump working is automatically regulated by the pressure
detector, which opens and closes the instigator switch of the pump drive
electric motor. The pump will stop working if the tank pressure has reached the
set maximum limit and start working if the set minimum pressure limit has been
reached.
According to the
Instruction manual book, hydrophore tank is a water
pressure tank also called a pressurized water tank, the function of the hydrophore tank is to accumulate pressure on
the pump until it reaches a certain pressure or pressure required for installation.
For example, for fresh water system installations where fresh water can only
work perfectly at pressures of 3 kg / cm2 to 6 kg / cm2, with the hydrophore tank, the pressure can be
maintained at the level of 3kg / cm2 to 6 kg / cm2. Another function of the hydrophore tank is to store water in the fire
protection system and lighten the work of the pressure pump or pressure pump so
that its economic life is longer.
Figure
1. Working System Principle and Hydrophore Tank
Components
Source:http.www. https://shipfever.com/hydrophore-system-ship/
Pressure tank systems
are usually designed so that the volume of air is no more than 30% of the
volume of the tank 70% of the volume of the tank filled with water. Then to
serve large water needs, a large pressure tank will be needed. The advantage of
this pressure tank system is that it is more advantageous in terms of
aesthetics because it is not too flashy compared to the roof tank, besides that
maintenance is very easy because it can be installed in the engine room
with other pumps and the initial price is lower than the tank that must be
installed on top of the tower. The market provides hydrophore
tanks ranging from a capacity of 24 liters to 1000 liters with a working
pressure of 10 bar to 16 bar.
Hydrophore tank is an important
equipment in supplying water which is placed on two supporting steel in the
weld and both ends are convex. The tank is equipped with a stub and hole pipe
assembly that allows internal inspection and repair, all elements of the tank
have been made of steel coated with anti-rust paint.
A tank hydrophore system used in tall buildings and ship
accommodation, an on-ship hydrophore system is
designed to meet the demand for fresh water on board. The system is complete
with electronic controls and monitoring equipment to measure water quality and
counters to measure water consumption. All connections on one side can lower
costs and facilitate installation on ships. Such a system will consist of one
or more chambers with valves, sensors and pipes.
The foundation of this
theory contains the source of the theory which will then become the basis of
writing. The source of the theory will later become a framework or basis for
understanding the background of a problem systematically. On the basis of this
theory, the author will explain the causes of the lack of hydrophore
tank pressure on the freshwater supply on board.
The system is complete
with electronic controls and monitoring equipment to measure water quality and
counters to measure water consumption. All those connections on the one hand,
can lower costs and facilitate installation on ships. Such a system will
consist of one or more chambers with valves, sensors and pipes.
Components and working
principle of hydrophore tank:
1.
Pressure controller to control the start and stop of the
water pump. When the pressure in the tank is below 3 bar, the water pump will
start moving fresh water into the tank until the pressure reaches 6 bar, and
the pump will stop after the tank pressure reaches 6 bar.
2.
The safety valve is when the pressure in the tank is more
than 0.6Mpa, the safety valve opens to release the pressure in the tank.
3.
The air valve is to fill the compressed air into the tank
4.
Drain valve is to empty the water in the tank when
draining or flushing the tank.
5.
The control box is a box designed with two control modes,
manual control and automatic control.
The hydrophore tank is equipped with a main water pump, backup
water pump and SA3 over switch change. If choose main water pump, over switch
SA2 is enabled to "manual", the main water pump or backup water pump
will start working manually. When the SA2 change over switch is enabled to
"auto", the device will enter into auto work. When the high pressure
controller detects the pressure in the tank has reached 0.6Mpa, the main water
pump or backup water pump will stop working.
Daily inspection and
operation for Hydrophore Unit system:
1.
Inspection to measure the water level.
2.
Close the air filling valve and open the drain valve to
check the pipe connected with water, then close the water filling valve.
3.
Open the air filling valve to check the pipe connected
with compressed air.
4.
Close the drain valve and open the water filling valve to
check the water level in normal position.
C.
HYDROPHORE FILLING PRESSURE TO TANK:
1.
Manually start the service pump to fill water into the
tank, stop the pump until working pressure, then close the outlet valve to
temporarily stop the water supply.
2.
Adjust the compressed air pressure to 0.1Mpa higher than
working pressure, open the air valve charge, to fill the compressed air into
the tank.
3.
Draining excess water through the discharge valve, when
the pressure reaches the working pressure of the tank, and the water level is
in the full position, close the air charge valve and drain valve (drain valve).
If the air filling is too much, the air can be discharged through the air
exhaust valve on the tank.
4.
Employing all valves are in normal condition and the pump
is in the automatic service position.
D.
RESEARCH FLOW CHART
The flow chart from our research is:
TYPES OF RESEARCH
Based on the research
focus that has been described in the problem formulation, the type of research
to be used is the type of experimental research by designing a 3 Phase Electric
Engine Hydrophore Control System.
E.
Research Location
The research location
is at the Makassar Shipping Science Polytechnic This research is planned for 6
(six) months starting from April 2022 to September 2022.
F.
Types and Sources of Research Data
1.
Data Primer
Primary data is
research data obtained directly from observations, designs produced when
carrying out research.
2.
Secondary Data
Secondary data is data
obtained from manual books that are the object of research and
literature study.
G. Data
Collection Methods
Data collection
methods carried out in this study are:
1.
Designing Tools
2.
Namely carrying out the Design of Hydrophore
control system tools.3 Phase Electric Machine
3.
Making a 3 Phase Electric Engine Hydrophore
Control System Tool.
4.
Documentation
5.
Namely in the form of report data including documents
when carrying out research both in the form of written documents and pictures
taken when carrying out research.
6.
Literature Study
That is a data
collection technique based on experiments and direct data collection on the
object of research and references related to the research title.
H. Data Analysis
Techniques
By Designing and
Making a 3 Phase Electric Engine Hydrophore
Control System and analyzing whether it is in accordance with Theory and is
feasible to be used as a practical tool for students or cadets Diploma IV
Shipping, especially Engineering Study Program.
How to make a hydrophore pressure tank praga
design The first step that needs to be done is to design and select the
materials that will be used in making hydrophore
pressure tank props after getting the appropriate materials, then proceed with
cutting the pahan according to needs and then
assembling it into a single unit in accordance with the design that has been
made previously Design hydrophore pressure tank Simpler
by using materials that are easily available and affordable.
I.
Variable Operational Definition
The Variable Operational Conventions used are:
1.
Clamp Amper Meter is a tool
used to measure AC electric current
2.
Megger Test is a tool to measure resistance
3.
Multimeter is an
Equipment To measure Voltage, Resistance and Current.
4.
Breaket Holder of the
hydrophore control device made
5.
MCB (mini Circuit Breaker) a safety device equipped
with a fuse.
J.
Research Results
�The list of materials used in the Design of
the 3 Phase Electric Engine Hydrophore Control System
is:
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No. |
Component/Material Name |
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1. |
Contactor a. Schneider tipe LC 1 D09 , AC current 220 volt
(Water pump) b. Schneider type LC 1 D12 , AC current 220 volt ( Air pump)�� |
|
2. |
T O R (thermal overload relay ) a. Schneider tipe LRD 14 , AC current 220 volt
(Water pump) b. Schneider tipe LRD 21 , AC current 220 volt (
Air pump) |
|
3. |
W L C (water level control ) OMRON type 61F-G-AP, Source 220 volts |
|
4. |
WATER PUMP Shimizu type PS-128 BIT |
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5. |
COMPRESSOR LAKONI Type BASIC 9s max pressure 8 bar, ac current |
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6. |
INDICATOR LIGHT Tipe led ac current |
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7. |
BUZZER + LAMP Tipe led ac current |
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8. |
RELAY a. OMRON Tipe MK3 P � I , 250 VAC ,10 A (Water
pump)����������� b. OMRON Tipe MK3 P � I , 250 VAC ,10 A(Air pump) |
|
9. |
RELAY TIMER a.
Autonics tipe AT8N 220 VAC ,5 A b.
Autonics tipe AT8N 220 VAC ,5 A |
|
10. |
SWICTH ON / OFF HANYOUNG TIPE CR-253 , 250 VAC , 5 A |
|
11. |
MCB 3 PHASE a. SCHNEIDER TIPE C32 , 250 VAC , 32 A b. SCHNEIDER TIPE C16 , 250 VAC
, 16 A |
|
12. |
MCB 1 PHASE SCHNEIDER TIPE C16, 250 VAC , 16 A |
|
13. |
CABLE a. NYYHY TYPE ETERNA CABLE 2.5 mm b. 2.5 MM NYAF TYPE ETERNA CABLE c. NYAF TYPE ETERNA CABLE 4 mm |
|
14. |
PRESSURE GAUGE TORA CAPACITY 0 � 16 BAR |
|
15. |
PRESSURE SWICTH SAGINOMIYA CAPACITY 0 � 10 BAR |
|
16. |
HIGH PRESSURE HOSE ORIENTFLEX 8 X 12 , 150 Psi |
|
17. |
KRAN AIR DOZ'RO 1/4 IN |
|
18. |
WAX ELECTRODES DC CURRENT |
|
19. |
VOLTAGE INDICATOR TIPE LED 250 VAC |
|
20. |
N F B ( NO FUSE BREAKER ) ABB TIPE SACE AT 250 VAC , 50 A |
RESULTS
�From
the component data mentioned above, a series of all materials was made starting
from the design of the control system later, making the signaling lamp and the
Power circuit for controlling the 3 Phase Electric Engine Hydrophore.
We can see this from the results of making the Hydophore
Control System Electric Machine that has been produced which is expected to be
a learning material for cadets and training participants, especially for
Diploma IV Shipping Cadets who will carry out Sea Practice so that when Prala there is a shadow that can be seen and learned the
working principle of the Hydrophore Control System
using an Electric Machine, In this research we used a 1 Phase Electric Machine
because it was constrained by funds so the machine that we could buy was only
one Phase, but the control system was already using the 3 Phase system.
Hydrophore Tank
��������������� Hydrophore Tank is a water pressure tank also called pressurized water tank,
the function of hydrophore
tank is to accumulate pressure on the pump until it reaches a certain
pressure or pressure required by the installation. For example, for fresh water
system installations where fresh water can only work perfectly at
a pressure of 3 bar to 6 bar, with the hydrophore tank the
pressure can be maintained at the level of 3 bar to 6 bar. Another function of
the hydrophore tank is to store water in the fire
protection system and lighten the work of the pressure pump or pressure pump so
that its economic life is longer.
Here is the working principle of one of the hydrophore systems:
�
Pressure tank systems are usually designed so that the
volume of air is no more than 30% of the volume of the tank 70% of the volume
of the tank filled with water. Then to serve large water needs, a large
pressure tank will be needed. The advantage of this pressure tank system is
that it is more advantageous in terms of aesthetics because it is not too
flashy compared to the roof tank, besides that maintenance is very easy because
it can be installed in the engine room with other pumps and the initial price
is lower than the tank that must be installed on top of the tower.
Hydrophore tank is an important equipment in supplying water which is placed on two
supporting steel in the weld and both ends are convex
A tank hydrophore system is
used on ship accommodation, a hydrophore system on board is designed to meet the demand for fresh water on board.
Components and working principle of hydrophore tank :
1. Pressure controller to control the start
and stop of the water pump. When the pressure in the tank is below 3 bar, the
water pump will start to move fresh water into the hydrophore
tank until the pressure reaches 6 bar, and the pump will stop after the tank
pressure reaches 6 bar.
2. The air valve is for filling compressed air into the tank
3. Drain valve is to empty the water in the tank when
draining or flushing the tank.
4. Water Level Control (WLC) is a device placed in a box designed to control the water level
in the groundtank.
Below is the Hydrophore
Control System that our team has made where we can see in principle the voltage
of 3 Phase is available we can see with the availability of phases R, S, T on
the panel board and as a safety we use fuse every phase after from the Fuse we
use NFB (No Fuse Breaker) to then go to the pump. The on/off switch allows
controlling when the pressure of the pressure pump is not as required, in this
study the signal light will turn on when the pressure is smaller or equal to 3
Bar (≤ 3 Bar) it will give a signal to fill the pressure pump up to 6
Bar. Signaling on the lamp occurs about 5 seconds then the light will stop
turning on and flashing, for timing using Timer.
The Pressure Controler
controls the start and stop of the water pump. When the pressure in the tank is
below 3 bar, the water pump will start to move fresh water into the hydrophore tank until the pressure reaches 6 bar, and the
pump will stop after the tank pressure reaches 6 bar.
Air valve serves to
fill compressed air into the tank, Drain
valve is to empty the water in the tank when draining or flushing the tank.
While Water Level Control (WLC) is a
tool to control the water level in the groundtank.
WORKING PRINCIPLE OF FRESH WATER HYDROPHORE:
1. The flow of electricity from the input enters through NFB
2. After the NFB, it enters the voltage indicator and is forwarded to the
on-off switch
3. From the on-off switch forwarded to the MCB 1 phase as a safety hydrophore control system
4. After the mcb, the electricity is forwarded to
the relay
5. From the relay it is forwarded again to the delay timer after that it
goes to the contactor
6. The flow from the contractor is forwarded to the tor and then to the
water pump and compressor
7. When the water pump turns on there is a pause of 8 seconds before the
compressor turns on
8. Thesystem works when the pressure in the
pressure tube is at 3 bar accompanied by the buzzer lights up as a pressure low
indicator.
9. When the pressure in the pressure tube reaches 6 bar then automatically
the system will stop working or stand by
10. Similarly, when the water in the groundtank
runs out, the system automatically stops working and the buzzer sign low water
level lights up
11. Thesystem will work again when the water in
the groundtank is filled again (E1, E2 and E3 candle
electrodes are submerged in water)
13.Theright in the hydrophore
tube is set 3 bar so that there is a spare pressure, if the electricity goes
out, we can still use the spare water without a pump
From the results of
this research we can conclude that we made this 3 Phase Electric Machine Hydrophore Control System with the hope that it can be a
material or learning tool for students studying at the Polytechnic of Shipping
Sciences, especially cadets / cadets of Diploma IV Shipping students who have
not carried out sea practice so that when they carry out sea practice there is
already an image they get about the Hydrophore
control system even though the tool we made is only It is miniature because the
tank we use is on a small size scale.
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