The Influence of Video Modeling on Mother's Ability in Readiness to
Implement Toilet Training in Toddler Age
Indra Rahmad1*, Julhana2,
Heni Nurhaeni3
1*,2,3Ministry
of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, Health Polytechnic Ministry of Health
Mataram, Indonesia
*email:
[email protected]
|
Keywords |
|
ABSTRACT |
|
Video Modeling, Toilet Training, Knowledge,
Attitude, Action, Ability |
|
Toddler age (1-3 years) is the
golden age because children at This age experience very rapid
growth and development. One of the developmental tasks during toddlerhood is
toilet training (Khaironi, 2018). Defecation or urination training for
children really requires preparation for the mother, both physically,
psychologically and intellectually. Quantitative research with a quasi-experimental
approach with control group design. Pre-test and post-test control group
research design. The sampling technique was purposive sampling involving 100
respondents. The results of data analysis using the Wilcoxone test showed a
p-value of 0.000 (p<0.05) for the variables knowledge, attitude, mother's
actions, and child's abilities. Before or after being given intervention in
the experimental group using video modeling. These results show that Ha is
accepted and H0 is rejected so it can be interpreted that there is an
influence of providing video modeling on mother's knowledge, attitudes,
actions, and child's abilities in the mother's readiness carry out toilet
training at toddler age. Statistical test results in the control group shows
a value of 0.002 (p<0.05) at knowledge variable which means the toilet
training ability value In the control group there was an increase before and
after administration intervention. Then on the variables of attitude,
mother's actions, and child's abilities obtained was 0.001 (p<0.05). This
means that there was an increase before and after the intervention was given
the control group used the booklet. |
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Toddler age (1-3 years) is the
golden age because child in
this age experiences very rapid growth and development. One of task development
during toddlerhood is toilet training (Khaironi, 2018).
Exercise Defecation or BAK in
children really requires preparation for the mother, both physically physical, psychological and intellectual.
Through this preparation, children are expected to can control the ability to defecate or urinate independently. Toilet success training depends on readiness from self child and family,
especially Mother, like Physical readiness means that the
child is strong and capable. Likewise with readiness psychology where every child needs a comfortable atmosphere to
be able to control and concentrate on
defecating or urinating (Andriyani, Ibrahim, & Wulandari, 2017).
The
facts of the current condition illustrate that most parents are lacking play an active role and do not understand readiness to urinate
and defecate children
(Mendur P, Rottie, & Bataha, 2018). Some parents have habits Which not
enough appropriate in throw
away water big And throw away water small, so that
cause child throw away water small And throw
away water big pants No give know �Mother or child throw
away water small And throw away water big while cry. Condition
the This may be due to the
mother's lack of knowledge regarding how to train throw away water big And throw away water small child, so
that cause person old give attitude negative
in practice toilet training
on child even There
is also those who never give toilet training to their children
(Susilowati & Pratiwi, 2016). Based
on fact from study the, so giving information as method increase
knowledge very important
for given, because this will
affect the implementation of toilet
training on child. A mother who
has a good level of knowledge means she has a
good understanding of the benefits and impacts of toilet training, so that mothers will have a positive attitude towards the concept of toilet training (Musfiroh & Graduation, 2014).
Riskesdas
data in 2018, the number of toddlers in Indonesia was 30% of the total 250 million Indonesian citizens. West Nusa
Tenggara is the province with the largest number resident the most 2nd in Indonesia, with amount toddler
on year 2019 that
is, as much as 2,280,239 soul. Data which obtained from West
Nusa Tenggara Province Central Statistics Agency, amount toddler in West Nusa Tenggara on year 2020 reach 506,146 people. Researchers do taking data beginning on date 23 January 2022 with interviewed mother and child program
holders at the Woha Community Health Center. The result shows
that the number of toddlers under the Woha Health Center
Area is
156 people. The maternal and child
service program at the Woha Community Health Center is carried out
through collaboration between
posyandu cadres which is carried out at the beginning of every month, but for education on BAK preparation or toilet training is known to have never
been given to Mother which own child age 1-3 year. Researcher do interview on several
mothers in local residents' homes and it is known that 4 respondents out of 5 Mother
Still own habit Which not enough appropriate in practice
child toilet training, for example Mother seen not enough responsive If his son
throw away water, angry
And snapped child
moment child No can
do throw away water on the place, And etc. Lack of
parental role in the child's toilet training
phase can lead to problems on toilet training failure.
Various
efforts have been made to overcome toilet
training failures among others other through
counseling, demonstration and stimulation on Mother. Matter This in line
with study Which done by (Sintawati, 2016) Which use method counseling as stimulation For increase readiness
Mother in teach toilet
training to their children, which shows improvement after being given
stimulation in the form of counseling. Another study conducted using the
psychoeducation method by (Machmudah, 2017) showed the results after being
given psychoeducation in the treatment group that mothers' knowledge increased
after being given psychoeducation. Then regarding children's toileting
abilities, the results show that children's ability to carry out toilet training increases after being
given psychoeducation.
Use modelling videos as alternative learning/shaping behavior
new give stimulus
senses eye, hear and senses
other faster accepted by the respondent. One of the video modeling functions can be used for train toilet training skills in mothers and children. Lots of video modeling applied because respondents can immediately see and remember
what is seen through impressions the And apply it
Because videos exemplify the meaning of the flow of steps
to the respondent, so that the respondent can
quickly catch what is given through the video. Additionally, steps toilet training
can combined with technique film other like animation which combine picture
silent and movement, as well as can played
repeat (Nurfajriyani, Prabandari, & Lusmilasari, 2016).
Use Video
modeling to support the success of toilet
training is also carried out by (Nurfajriyani
et al., 2016) with the results of the video model having an impact on
improvement higher urination and
defecation skills compared with oral
techniques. Based on the basic
assumption that video modeling is
capable increasing mothers' ability
to prepare children's toilet training,
researchers interested for research "influence modelling videos
animation to increased capabilities Mother
in readiness implementation toilet training
on child toddler
age�.
This
research aims general to know the influence modelling videos
to ability Mother in readiness to carry out toilet training on aged child toddlers.
It
is hoped that this research can provide a contribution to thinking as well as as a basis for the development
of child nursing related to improving readiness toilet training
on Mother and child through
education modelling videos.
Study this is type study quantitative with approach quasi
experimental with control group design.
Research design used is pre-test and
post-test controls groups design. Group experimental given treatment
form media videos and booklets while the control
group received treatment form giving
booklet.
Table 1
Design study
pre-post test control groups design
|
Subject |
Pre-test |
Intervention |
Post-test |
|
KA |
O |
I |
O1-A |
|
KB |
O |
- |
O1-B |
|
|
Time 1 |
Time 2 |
Time 3 |
Table
2
Information
on Research Design
|
Information : |
|
|
KA : |
Subjects
(patients who received video and booklet education ) |
|
KB
: |
Subject (patient Which in education Booklet ) control |
|
-
: |
Treatment like
normal |
|
O : |
Observe the
level of readiness and increase in capability |
|
I : |
Intervention ( video modeling ) |
|
O1-A : |
Observation level
readiness And enhancement ability after given
modeling intervention videos |
|
O1-B : |
Observe the
level of readiness and increase in capabilities group who does
not given intervention video
modeling |
1. Population
Nursalam (2017)
believes that the research population is the subject (man or client)
Which fulfil criteria
Which in set in This study involved mothers and children
entering toddler age at Posyandu region
Work Public health center Wow.
2. Sample Study
The sample is an
affordable population that can be used as a sample subject study through
sampling (Nursalam, 2017). Sample which used in this research were mothers and
children who were entering their age toddlers in Integrated Healthcare Center region Work Public health center Wow.
3. Sampling
Study this use technique
taking nonprobability sampling with
a purposive sampling method. Objective in technique purposive sampling
is to get samples which more homogeneous.
Variable is behavior or characteristics which
give mark different. To something (object, humans,
and etc) (Nursalam, 2017)
1.
Independent variable
Variable independent (variable free) is variable which influences
or its value determines other variables. In this research variable
independent i.e viewing animation video modeling.
2.
Dependent variable
The
dependent variable (dependent variable) is the variable that is influenced value determined by variable other.
Variable dependent in study this that is readiness toilet training Mother, includes knowledge, attitude, and action, as well as ability toilet training child.
The
tools and materials used in this
research are laptops, questionnaire, SAK, speakers and tutorial video toilet training.
1. Questionnaire demographics
This
questionnaire relates to the identity of the respondent including; name (initials), age, education level, and work, then identity child
includes; age, type and gender.
2. Mother's knowledge
questionnaire about toilet training
The
questionnaire in this research was adapted from research by Sri Fitdiyah
Ningsih (2012) with the title The
Relationship between Mother's Knowledge and Behavior in Using the Toilet
Training on Bedwetting Habits in Toddler
Village Children Babakan City Tangerang (Ningsih,
2012). Questionnaire This using
the Guttman scale, with answers such
as True-False, Yes-No, Never-Never, Positive-
Negative, High-Low, Good-Bad, and so on (Djaali, PD, & Muljono,
2007). Study this use type answer True
False For know how much mother's knowledge about toilet
training. Mother's knowledge questionnaire about toilet training consists
of 10 questions consisting of positive and negative statements. If the
respondent's answer is correct, they are given a score of 1 and if the
respondent's answer is incorrect, they are given a score of 0, so the maximum
score is 10 and the minimum score is 0. Determination criteria evaluation with use the formula is as follows;
Intervals Class
(IK) = Maximum Score (Senior high school) � Score Minimum (Smi)
Amount Category
Information:
1.
Maximum Score (Sma) ������������� : Number of question items x Highest score
2.
Minimum Score (Smi) ������������������������������ : Number of question items x Lowest
score
Based
on categorization in on, so can concluded that:
1.
Knowledge less
: score 0-4
2.
Knowledge sufficient:
score 5-6
3.
Knowledge Good
: score 7-10
3. Questionnaire attitude
Mother in apply the
toilet training
This
questionnaire was adapted from Sri Fitdiyah Ningsih's (2012) research on the
Relationship between Mothers' Knowledge and Behavior in Implementing Toilet
Training and Bedwetting Habits in Toddler Age Children in Tangerang City
(Ningsih, 2012). This questionnaire uses a Likert scale with positive and
negative questions (Djaali, PD, & Muljono, 2007). The Likert scale was used
to determine mother's behavior in implementing toilet training. This questionnaire consists of 11 questions, with
a maximum score of 55 and a minimum score of 11.
4. Questionnaire action
Mother in implementation toilet training
Questionnaire This adapted from study Binarwati
(2006) about Demonstration Method Learning for Changes
in Parental Behavior and modified toilet training abilities for toddlers based on (Wong, Whaley, & Mosby-Year
Book., 1996) in Nursing Care of Infant & Children.
Data which has collected then tabulated.
5. Questionnaire ability
toilet training children
Questionnaire This adapted from study Binarwati
(2006) about Demonstration Method Learning To Change Behavior
Person Age and Ability Toilet Training for Toddler Age Children in the form of a sheet modified questionnaire based on (Wong et al., 1996)
in Nursing Care of Infant & Children.
Study done in Integrated Healthcare Center region Work Public health center Wow February
- July 2023. Research on modeling animated videos for mothers to
increase children's toilet training readiness.
RESULTS
|
Variable |
Experiment |
Control |
||
|
n |
% |
n |
% |
|
|
Age |
|
|||
|
18 - 25 years old |
10 |
20 |
13 |
26 |
|
26 - 30 years old |
19 |
38 |
20 |
40 |
|
31 - 35 years old |
14 |
28 |
11 |
22 |
|
36 - 40 years old |
7 |
14 |
6 |
12 |
|
Level of
education |
|
|||
|
JUNIOR HIGH
SCHOOL |
6 |
12 |
7 |
14 |
|
SENIOR HIGH
SCHOOL |
19 |
38 |
20 |
40 |
|
PT |
25 |
50 |
23 |
46 |
|
Work |
|
|||
|
IRT |
13 |
26 |
13 |
26 |
|
Private |
13 |
26 |
12 |
24 |
|
Honorary |
10 |
20 |
11 |
22 |
|
Civil servants |
14 |
28 |
14 |
28 |
|
Variable |
Experiment |
Control |
||
|
n |
% |
n |
% |
|
|
Age |
|
|||
|
12 - 23 months |
18 |
36 |
17 |
34 |
|
24 - 36 months |
32 |
64 |
33 |
66 |
|
Gender |
|
|||
|
Woman |
31 |
62 |
29 |
58 |
|
Man |
19 |
38 |
21 |
42 |
|
Variable |
Experiment |
Control |
||||||
|
Pre
Test |
Post
Test |
Pre
Test |
Post
Test |
|||||
|
n |
% |
n |
% |
n |
% |
n |
% |
|
|
Mother's Knowledge Mean � SD |
4.68 � 1.168 |
8.98 � 1.378 |
4.66 � 1.171 |
6.86 � 1.578 |
||||
|
Tall |
0 |
0 |
44 |
88 |
0 |
0 |
26 |
52 |
|
Currently |
31 |
62 |
6 |
12 |
30 |
60 |
20 |
40 |
|
Low |
19 |
38 |
0 |
0 |
20 |
40 |
4 |
8 |
|
Mother's attitude Mean � SD |
27.54 � 5.195 |
44.36 � 8.007 |
27.54 � 5.195 |
40.52 � 9.163 |
||||
|
Good |
0 |
0 |
34 |
68 |
0 |
0 |
32 |
64 |
|
Enough |
32 |
64 |
16 |
32 |
32 |
64 |
17 |
34 |
|
Not enough |
18 |
36 |
0 |
0 |
18 |
36 |
1 |
2 |
|
Mother's Actions Mean � SD |
27.54 � 5.195 |
44.36 � 8.007 |
27.40 � 5.264 |
37.34 � 7.102 |
||||
|
Good |
0 |
0 |
34 |
68 |
0 |
0 |
33 |
66 |
|
Enough |
32 |
64 |
16 |
32 |
32 |
64 |
17 |
34 |
|
Not enough |
18 |
36 |
0 |
0 |
18 |
36 |
0 |
0 |
|
Children's Abilities Mean � SD |
16.88 � 2.833 |
26.42 � 3.737 |
16.48 � 2.929 |
22.60 � 4.969 |
||||
|
Good |
0 |
0 |
37 |
74 |
0 |
0 |
30 |
60 |
|
Enough |
34 |
68 |
13 |
26 |
30 |
60 |
19 |
38 |
|
Not enough |
16 |
32 |
0 |
0 |
20 |
40 |
1 |
2 |
Based
on table 3, it was found that the
majority of mothers' pre-test knowledge before being given toilet training video modeling was in the medium category, namely 31 people (62%) in the
experimental group with an average pre-test score of 4.68 with a standard
deviation of 1,168 and 30 people (60%) in the control group with an average
pre-test score of 4.66 with a standard deviation of 1.171. Then, after being
given toilet training video
modeling, a post-test was carried out, almost all
of the mothers' knowledge was in the high category, as many as 44 people (88%)
in the experimental group with an average post-test score of 8.98 with a
standard deviation of 1,378 and as many as 26 people (52%) in the control group
with an average post-test score of 6.86 with a standard deviation of 1.578. In
the attitude variable before being given toilet
training video modeling, the
majority of respondents were in the sufficient category, 32 people (64%) in the
experimental group with an average pre-test score of 27.54 with a standard
deviation of 5,195 and 32 people (64%) in the control group. with an average
pre-test score of 27.54 with a standard deviation of 5.195. Then, after being
given toilet training video
modeling, a post test was carried out, most of
the mothers' attitudes were in the good category, as many as 34 people (68%) in
the experimental group with an average post-test score of 44.36 with a standard
deviation of 8.007 and as many as 32 people (64%) with The average post-test
score is 40.52 with a standard deviation of 9.163. In the maternal action
variable, the majority of respondents were in the sufficient category, 32
people (64%) in the experimental group with an average pre-test score of 27.54
with a standard deviation of 5.195 and 32 people (64%) in the control group
with an average score. pre-test 27.40 with a standard deviation of 5.264. Then,
after being given toilet training video
modeling, a post test was carried out, most of
the mothers' actions were in the good category, as many as 34 people (68%) in
the experimental group with an average post-test score of 44.36 with a standard
deviation of 8.007 and as many as 33 people (66%) in the control group with an
average post-test score of 37.34 with a standard deviation of 7.102. In the
child ability variable, the majority of respondents were in the sufficient
category, 34 people (68%) in the experimental group with an average pre-test
score of 16.88 with a standard deviation of 2.833 and 30 people (60%) in the
control group with an average score. pre-test 16.48 with a standard deviation
of 2.929. Then, after being given toilet training
video modeling, a post test was carried
out, most of the mothers' attitudes were in the good category, 37 people (74%)
in the experimental group with an average post-test score of 26.42 with a
standard deviation of 3,737 and 30 people (60%) in the control group with an
average post-test score of 22.60 with a standard deviation of 4.969.
Table 4
Normality
Test Results of
Children's Knowledge, Attitudes, Actions and Abilities Before and After Being
Given Video
Modeling on Mothers' Ability to
Prepare for Toilet Training at Toddler Age
at
PKM Woha Kab. Bima in 2023
|
Group |
n |
p value |
Sig value. |
|
Pre-test
experimental knowledge |
50 |
< 0.05 |
,000 |
|
Post-test
experimental knowledge |
50 |
< 0.05 |
,000 |
|
Pre-test
experimental attitude |
50 |
< 0.05 |
,004 |
|
Post-test
experimental attitude |
50 |
< 0.05 |
,000 |
|
Pre-test
experimental action |
50 |
< 0.05 |
,002 |
|
Post-test
experimental action |
50 |
< 0.05 |
,000 |
|
Pre-test
experimentation capabilities |
50 |
< 0.05 |
,000 |
|
Post-test
experimentation capabilities |
50 |
< 0.05 |
,000 |
|
Pre-test
control knowledge |
50 |
< 0.05 |
,000 |
|
Post-test
control knowledge |
50 |
< 0.05 |
,000 |
|
Pre-test
control attitude |
50 |
< 0.05 |
,002 |
|
Post-test
control attitude |
50 |
< 0.05 |
,001 |
|
Pre-test
control measures |
50 |
< 0.05 |
,001 |
|
Post-test
control measures |
50 |
< 0.05 |
,000 |
|
Pre-test
control ability |
50 |
< 0.05 |
,000 |
|
Post-test
controllability |
50 |
< 0.05 |
,006 |
The
normality test results in table 4 show that the experimental pre-test,
experimental post-test, control pre-test, control post-test values
have sig. < 0.05 means that the data is not normally distributed on the
variables of knowledge, attitudes, maternal actions and child abilities.
Table 5
Mean value of
knowledge, attitudes, maternal actions, and abilities in the experimental group
and control group before and after being given video modeling of mothers' abilities in readiness for toilet training at toddler age at PKM
Woha Kab. Bima in 2023
|
Group |
Experiment |
Control |
p value |
||
|
pre-test |
post-test |
pre-test |
post-test |
||
|
Knowledge |
0,000 |
0.002 |
0,000 |
||
|
Attitude |
0,000 |
0.001 |
0.02 |
||
|
Action |
0,000 |
0.001 |
0,000 |
||
|
Ability |
0,000 |
0.001 |
0,000 |
||
The
results of statistical tests using Wilcoxon
showed that the sig. (2-tailed) value obtained was 0.000 (p<0.05) for
both knowledge, attitudes, maternal actions and children's abilities, which means there
is enhancement before nor after given intervention
on group experiment using video modeling. These results show that H a is accepted
and H 0 is rejected, so it can be interpreted that there is an
influence of providing video modeling on
the mother's knowledge, attitudes, actions and the child's ability in the
mother's readiness to carry out toilet
training at toddler age (1-3
years) at PKM Woha Kab. Bima in 2023. Meanwhile, the
results of statistical tests in the control group showed a sig. (2-tailed)
value obtained of 0.002 (p<0.05) on the knowledge variable means mark ability
toilet training on group experiments
exist enhancement before nor after given intervention
. Then the attitude, mother's action and child's ability variables show
a sig. (2-tailed) value obtained of 0.001 (p<0.05) which is means there
is enhancement before nor after given intervention
on group control using the booklet.
Data
analysis of differences between the treatment group and the control group using the Mann Whitney Test statistical
test, shows that the results p value = 0.000 so p < 0.05 so that
can concluded that there
is level difference level knowledge, mother's actions, and child's
abilities between treatment group and group control. Then the mother's attitude shows
that the results p value = 0.02 so p < 0.05 so that can concluded
that there is level difference attitude
between treatment group and
group control.
1.
Identify maternal
characteristics based on age, education level, and
employment at PKM Woha Kab. Bima in 2023
Based
on table 4.1, almost half of the respondents' ages were in the 26-30 year age
range, 19 people (38%) in the experimental group and 20
people (40%) in the control group. In
implementing toilet training, social maturity is one of the supporting
aspects.
Then it can be seen that the majority of parents'
education is in the PT (Higher Education) category, as many as 25 people (50%)
in the experimental group and almost half of them are PT (Higher Education) as
many as 23 people (46%) in the control group. According to Lestari (2018), the
mother's education level also determines whether it is easy for someone to
absorb and understand the knowledge they gain from family interests. Education
itself is very necessary for someone to be more responsive to child development
problems, one of which is the implementation of toilet training in the family. The level of education will correlate with the level of knowledge. Where mothers who have good
knowledge about toilet training will have an impact on how quickly
mothers can practice toilet training Early on, this has a positive
impact on both mother and child, namely that the child can be independent do toilet
training.
The
jobs of almost half of the civil servant respondents were 14 people (28%) in
the experimental group and the control group. Based on this data, it shows the
economic condition of the parents. Good economic
conditions for parents can provide adequate facilities in supporting children's
needs in toilet training (Rahayu, 2021).
2.
Identify characteristics
of toddler age children at PKM Woha Kab. Bima in 2023
Based
on table 2, in the experimental group and control group, the majority of
toddler age children were in the 24-36 month age range, 32 children (64%) in
the experimental group, and 33 children (66%) in the control group, and the
gender of the children in the experimental group. The experimental group was
mostly female with 31 children (62%) and in the control group there were 29
children (58%). In implementing toilet training,
social maturity is one of the supporting aspects. According to the research
results of Dewi & Argadireja (2019) one of the factors that influences
social maturity is age and gender, where boys tend to be slower when it comes
to toilet
training.
3.
Identify mother's
previous knowledge, attitudes, actions and abilities And after given video
modeling intervention
Based on table 3, it was found that the majority of
mothers' pre-test knowledge before being given toilet training video modeling was in the medium category, namely
31 people (62%) in the experimental group and 30 people (60%) in the control
group.
Based
on this data, respondents No Enough know and answer with
Correct question which given. Category the medium indicated by the achievement
of low scores on several aspects of questions regarding understanding toilet training, the normal age limit for bedwetting in children, the right
age for toilet training, and the age limit for children being able to express
the desire to urinate small. Respondents in the control and treatment groups
had never received health education about toilet training either through
electronic media or verbal media. According to Sidik (2015), the role of
information media is important in forming a person's knowledge in understanding
health problems. Lack of information or inaccurate information will affect
knowledge. Increased exposure to information from this type of media will
encourage individual interest in gaining an understanding.
According to Soetjiningsih (2012), the factors that
influence the level of independence of preschool children are divided into two,
namely internal factors and external factors. Internal factors are factors that exist within the child himself, including emotions and
intellectuals. This emotional factor is shown by the ability to control
emotions and not disturb parents' emotional needs, while the intellectual
factor is shown by the ability to overcome various problems faced. Meanwhile,
external factors are factors that come or exist from outside the child himself.
These factors include the environment, social characteristics, stimulation of
loving and affectionate parenting, the quality of information from children and
parents, education and employment status of parents. In general, these factors
are closely related to the mother's ability to teach her child to toilet train.
One of the participant modeling therapy strategies (Fitri & Khairunnisa,
2016).
The success of toilet training intervention in
children will have physical and psychological effects. Understanding the skills
needed for successful toilet training and a good approach to children can help
reduce stress and can help parents know what parents should do.
Children
who have never been properly trained in toilet training can develop enuresis,
UTIs, urinary dysfunction, constipation, encopresis and refusal to go to the
toilet more often. Toilet training is one of the tasks of child development and
one of the challenges for parents and children. One of the goals of toilet
training is to train children to become independent (Andriani et al, 2014).
Modeling
participants in the intervention group basically teaches patients about the
skills and rules of toilet training behavior, in addition to serving as a
reminder or cue for patients to carry out toilet training behavior. In
behavioral therapy modeling participants' independent toilet training behavior
can be improved by learning new behavior methods through observing a model,
adding information through cognitive processes and producing changes in
behavior according to what is modeled, namely independent toilet training
behavior. This is in line with Nursalim's (2009) description of the 4 basic
components in participant modeling that can form a new behavior, namely: (1)
Rational, this process involves learning cognitively and through logic of new
behavior, (2) Model demonstration, model demonstrating one part of the ability,
(3) Guided participation, after the behavior
demonstration, the client is given the opportunity and guidance to display the
modeled behavior, (4) Experience of success as reinforcement of behavior. This
research is in line with research conducted by Kartika Fatmawati, et al (2020)
entitled �The effect of animation on mother's ability in preparing toilet in
toddler " which states that the level of readiness of mothers in carrying
out toilet training (knowledge, attitudes, actions) and children child's
ability in toilet training
At Flamboyan and Delima
Posyandu after being given the animated video modeling intervention experienced
a significant increase in knowledge and action variables.
4.
Analyze knowledge Mother
before And after
given intervention modelling videos
Based on table 4.3, it was found that
the majority of mothers' pre-test knowledge before being given toilet training video modeling was in
the medium category, namely 31 people (62%) in the experimental group with an
average pre-test score of 4.68 with a standard deviation of 1,168 and 30 people
(60%) in the control group with an average pre-test score of 4.66 with a
standard deviation
of 1.171. Respondents did not have enough knowledge and answered the questions
given correctly. The medium category is indicated by achieving low scores on
several aspects of questions regarding the meaning of toilet training, the
normal age limit for wetting a child's bed, the appropriate age for toilet
training, and the age limit for a child being able to express the desire to
urinate.
Respondents in the control and
treatment groups had never previously received health education about toilet
training either through electronic media or verbal media. According to Sidik
(2015), the role of information media is important in forming a person's
knowledge in understanding health problems. Lack of information or inaccurate
information will greatly affect knowledge.
Increased exposure to information from this type of media will encourage
individual interest in gaining understanding. As for the treatment group, after
being given intervention in the form of animated video modeling, the
researchers conducted a post test on respondents with the results of the post
test score experiencing a significant increase, namely being in the good
category. Providing animated video modeling intervention had an effect on
respondents by showing an increase in scores from pre-test to post-test.
The research results of Nurfajriyati, et al (2016)
showed that mothers' knowledge about toilet training in the treatment group was
higher because video modeling gave rise to motivation and desires through the
models in the video, then processed in the respondents' minds and the
information was transferred to reality in everyday life. Video modeling can
connect the senses of sight and hearing so that the brain will provide a
stronger response than one active sense. This will affect the natural ability
to remember so that a person's thinking ability increases. Providing video
modeling learning media makes the process of
absorbing information more interesting, thereby giving mothers who have toddler- aged children the opportunity to
understand more about the developmental tasks that must be achieved in
children, in this case toilet training ,
so that mothers can early identify their child's readiness for the toilet. Training and get solutions to possible problems arise consequence toilet training on child toddlers.
The
results of demographic data show that on average respondents have a history of
tertiary education. Notoatmodjo (2014) stated that knowledge increased when the learning process itself is
influenced by education. The higher it is The
level of a person's education makes it easier for that person to receive information Good from person other meupon media mass so that
increasingly Lots also knowledge Which obtained. Enhancement knowledge This in
accordance with study Fitria, Ida, et al (2016) that background behind
education person old is something element education that influences parents to
set an example, guide and directing their children to go through development
phases optimally. Parents with a high educational background are more likely to
sensitive to change, development, and problem which currently faced child. With
background behind education which tall, person old can absorb information so
choose the right method in guiding and motivating children for improve
cognitive abilities. Meanwhile, in the post test in the control group, the
score still showed it was in the poor category even though it had been
previously given similar health education uses booklet media without being
explained clearly details handle information about toilet training. In research
Kurnianingsih (2019) revealed that to increase knowledge need given method
learning education health which interesting so that can involve all over five
sense moment process learning. Intervention using the booklet media provided
only form writing and picture which simple so that only involve senses just sight.
5.
Analyze the mother's
attitude before And after given intervention modelling videos
In the attitude variable before being
given toilet training video modeling, the
majority of respondents were in the sufficient
category, 32 people (64%) in the experimental group with an average pre-test
score of 27.54 with a standard deviation of 5,195 and 32 people (64%) in the
control group. with an average pre-test score of 27.54 with a standard
deviation of 5.195.
In the treatment and control groups in
the pre-test, most of the respondents had a negative category level which was
indicated by aspects of the questions answered incorrectly, namely aspects
regarding still letting the child wet the bed, still wearing clothes that are
difficult to remove, not being able to remind the child to urinate according to
the time, and still wearing diapers at night. Almost all respondents had never
received information before, either through electronic mass media or from
social media. Rusmiati & Hastono, (2015) stated that attitudes are formed starting
from knowledge that is perceived as something which positive nor negative, Then
in internalize it within oneself. If someone is able to perceive with Already own
knowledge Which Good And positive so attitude the will well formed too, but if
someone perceives it with negative, in other words, because of lack of
knowledge, the attitude will be appear or formed too negative action.
In the
post test group treatment show that all over respondents experienced an
increase in positive attitudes and no respondents were in negative attitude.
This is because respondents were given intervention form animation video modeling.
Kartika et al., (2016) in their research stated that the success of toilet training using modeling techniques is more effective compared to use technique
orally Because superiority from technique
modeling , namely that it can be seen and imitated by respondents.
This statement is in accordance with Nursalam's
opinion, (2017) is that toddlers prefer to
imitate things done by person other,
especially member his family. Mother which given modelling
animated videos can provide good training through imitation of the
steps step Which There is in videos. Child
will faster understand something which new with method
see other people doing it.
Study Ningsih,
(2012) state that exists influence modelling video on improving mothers' attitudes
towards carrying out toilet training is
wrong the other is caused by age. Based
on data on the demographic characteristics of respondents it is known that the age of the respondents
in the treatment group was the highest 26-30
years old so it is easy to accept the information conveyed. The age of 25-30 years is the age of early
adulthood where the ability to think critically increase in a way regular
during age this. Experience education
formal and informality, life
experience, and opportunities for work can enhance draft self, ability
finish problem, and And
Skills motor individual. The decision-making process in
early adulthood must be meaningful flexible. Matter
This caused Because
period mature beginning Keep going develop And must involved in changes of home, workplace
and mid. Post test results after being
given toilet training video modeling, most
of the mothers' attitudes were in the good category, as many as 34 people (68%)
in the experimental group with an average post-test score of 44.36 with a
standard deviation of 8.007 and as many as 32 people (64%) with a The post-test
average is 40.52 with a standard deviation of 9.163. This shows that there is an
increase in attitude after being given treatment.
The
highest score results are in all aspects
except the aspect of using tools such as dolls or toys for practice
child Want to throw away water (question no 3) in toilet And put
on pants/clothes that are difficult to take off (question number 6). The data
shows there is increase knowledge
so that influential also on enhancement attitude respondents.
Meanwhile, for the control group post test,
there was an improvement in attitude with show that part big respondents still constant show a negative attitude. This negative
attitude can be caused by influence intervention Which given, that is
media booklet Which containing steps It's
simple in the form of short writing and pictures so it doesn't cause any
confusion interest respondents For increase intention
For behave Which positive.
6.
Analyze actions Mother before And after given intervention modelling videos
In
the maternal action variable, the majority of respondents were in the
sufficient category, 32 people (64%) in the experimental group with an average
pre-test score of 27.54 with a standard deviation of 5.195 and 32 people (64%)
in the control group with an average score. pre-test 27.40 with a standard
deviation of 5.264. This shows that the majority of respondents were in the
treatment and control groups in the pre-test own level action Enough with he
showed aspect What was answered incorrectly was the aspect of getting children
used to washing their hands after eating toilet, offer child to toilet before O'clock
throw away water small, And do toilet training at night. Things that influence
parents' actions implementing toilet training for toddlers is an experience
gained, in this case the experience gained from learning. All respondents in
the treatment group had never previously received information and guidance education
health health handle toilet training. According to Kurnianingsih, (2019) in his
research state that toilet training requires parental commitment, this is due
to the toilet training process It's quite troublesome and tiring because
parents have to be alert when carrying their children who want to
defecate/defecate in the toilet, clean the floor when the child wets the bed because
he doesn't use diapers, he often has to wake up at night so hear The child is restless
and wants to defecate. After being given intervention to the treatment group,
it showed that some respondents experienced increased action in implementation
toilet training in a way Good and no there is respondents Which Still in category
not enough. After being given toilet training video modeling, a post test was
carried out, most of the mothers' actions were in the good category, as many as
34 people (68%) in the experimental group with an average post-test score of
44.36 with a standard deviation of 8.007 and as many as 33 people (66%) in the
control with an average post-test score of 37.34 with a standard deviation of
7.102.
This
improvement includes mothers teaching the terms defecation, dressing clothes
that are easy to remove, take the child to the bathroom if there is a sensation
defecating, sitting/squatting the child in the bathroom when defecating, give
praise to children, get them into the habit of washing their hands after
defecating, and do toilet training at night. The mother's actions can increase this
occurs because of the information conveyed via video media respondents. According
to According to Langford (2018) Audio visual depend on hearing and seeing the
target. The use of audio visuals involves all the learning sense organs, so that
more and more sense organs are involved for accept and process information, the
more big possibility fill information it can understood and maintained in
memory. Apart from the information conveyed through video modeling, this
increase in action is also due to several factors, namely maternal education most
of which are PT where the higher the mother's education level the easier it
will be to master the material. The correct actions when toilet training a
child will be reduce parents' worries, so that child gets ability toilet
training in accordance with developmental tasks.
Meanwhile
, the control group post test showed that the respondents has increased action
to be good but remains mostly constant in level Enough showed with No exists change
score from answer respondents in a way significant. Respondent Which is at in level
not enough indicated by several aspects that were still answered incorrectly,
namely the no aspect invite child to toilet before O'clock throw away water small,
No show use toilets according to gender, and do not wait until the child is
born feel comfortable to urinate independently. The interventions provided are
limited form leaflets which containing steps toilet training accompanied explanation
short and picture. So that,
intervention the No give effect trigger respondents to improve toilet
training actions/practices.
7.
Analyze abilities toilet training child before And after �giving intervention modeling
videos on Mother
In
the child ability variable, the majority of respondents were in the sufficient
category, 34 people (68%) in the experimental group with an average pre-test
score of 16.88 with a standard deviation of 2.833 and 30 people (60%) in the
control group with an average score. pre-test 16.48 with a standard deviation of
2.929. Then, after being given toilet training video modeling, a post test was
carried out, most of the mothers' attitudes were in the good category, 37
people (74%) in the experimental group with an average post-test score of 26.42
with a standard deviation of 3,737 and 30 people (60%) in the control group
with an average post-test score of 22.60 with a standard deviation of 4.969.
This means that through toilet training video modeling, it can help improve
children's toilet training abilities. After being given intervention video
media modeling toilet training ability levels are mostly in the category Good.
This
research is in line with Alvionita et al., (2019) that there is an increase in
the respondent's toilet training ability after being given training. Results
shows the development of toilet training abilities in mentally retarded
children after watching modeling media videos. Supported by research by Kuo et
al., (2019) that video media modeling can attract children's interest and focus
in watching the video or toilet training skills demonstrated by the model in
the video the. In line with Wiana's statement (2018) which revealed that �Media
in learning has a function as a tool to clarify the message conveyed by the
teacher�. Matter It can be concluded that media is a tool to clarify learning.
According to Febriani & Irdawarni (2019) use and procurement of current
media learning really makes it easier for students to understand the subject
matter, namely abstract material becomes concrete. Supported by Fahrurozi et
al., (2017) that Multimedia is used to make lessons more interesting and at the
same time provide students with real-life examples of how multimedia works.
Even if you don't Respondents can completely do it themselves, but there are
changes towards positive direction in improving children's abilities.
According
to Parulian et al., (2020) A child's ability is influenced by several factors,
including the child's interests, the child's experience, the child's
environment, and the development of the child's abilities. Toilet Training is
said to be successful if the stages of toilet training can be fulfilled or
known the child seems to convey the desire to BAK or defecate, take it off and
put it on his own pants, cleaning himself, flushing and washing his hands after
BAK and CHAPTER. This research is in line with research by Aziz (2018) with a
p-value of 0.000 where shows the strength of the level of correlation
relationship due to the influence of media modeling video on improving toilet
training abilities in mentally retarded children. Matter This is also supported
by research by Saragih & Andayani (2019) which shows the strength of the
correlation level of the relationship between family support and social skills
abilities of deaf children.
The
higher the mother's knowledge, attitudes and actions have an influence also on when
the mother implements toilet training on child. Wong et al., (2009) ability child
in a way optimal will obtained if there is interaction Which positive between person
old especially Mother And child. Imposing Children getting toilet training
skills from an early age will have an impact negative for both the child and
the parents, especially if the child is not above it formerly identified its
readiness. Indrawati, (2010) state that most children will gain toilet training
skills by the second year. At this stage too, children will imitate the
behavior of other people around them and this
is learning process.
CONCLUSION
Video modeling has
been proven to be effective in increasing mothers' knowledge, attitudes,
actions and abilities in preparing to implement toilet training in toddler-aged
children. By seeing the examples in the video, mothers can better understand
the process and actions required in toilet training, which in turn can increase
their level of confidence in dealing with it. Additionally, video-modeling can
also help mothers develop the skills necessary to better facilitate the toilet
training process, thereby creating a positive and successful environment for
their children in achieving this important milestone in their development.
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