THE
INFLUENCE OF PRODUCT QUALITY, ELECTRONIC WORD OF MOUTH AND BRAND IMAGE ON REPURCHASE
INTENTION AT COFFEE-TO-GO STORE
WITH CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AS AN INTERVENING VARIABLE
Muhammad Mufashih, Ahmad
Maulana, Muchsin Saggaf Shihab
Program Studi Magister Ilmu Manajemen Konsentrasi Manajemen Pemasaran,
Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Sriwijaya University, Indonesia
*e-mail:� [email protected],
[email protected],
[email protected]
Keywords |
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ABSTRACT |
Product Quality, Electronic
Word of Mouth, Brand Image |
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This study aims to analyze the findings of the
research conducted in the previous chapter and draw the resulting
conclusions. The results of the study indicate several conclusions as
follows: (1) The Product Quality variable has a direct positive influence on
Consumer Satisfaction at Coffee-To-Go Shops. (2) The electronic word of mouth
variable has a direct positive influence on consumer satisfaction at
coffee-to-go shops. (3) The brand image variable has a direct positive
influence on consumer satisfaction at coffee-to-go shops. (4) The Product
Quality variable has a direct positive influence on repurchase intention at
the Coffee-To-Go Shop. (5) The electronic word of mouth variable has a direct
positive influence on repurchase intention at Coffee-To-Go Shops. (6) The
brand image variable has a direct positive influence on repurchase intention
at Coffee-To-Go Shops. (7) The variables of product quality, electronic word
of mouth, and brand image have a positive influence on repurchase intention
through consumer satisfaction as an intervening variable. The conclusions
drawn from the results of this research provide a deeper understanding of the
significance of product quality, electronic word of mouth, and brand image in
influencing customer satisfaction and repurchase intention in the
Coffee-To-Go Shop environment. |
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INTRODUCTION
The coffee industry has
experienced significant growth in recent years. A growing interest in coffee
and coffee culture has led to the emergence of various coffee outlets,
including coffee-to-go outlets. This
growth creates opportunities for coffee outlets to attract new customers and
retain them. In this busy era, many people are looking for a convenient way to
enjoy coffee without spending a lot of time. Coffee-to-go outlets fulfill this by providing coffee that is ready
to be taken home or enjoyed on the go.
Indonesia, whose
population is dominated by the younger generation, is accustomed to living in
the era of digitalization, making them accustomed to getting things instantly.
This is the cause of the rapid increase in the Indonesian Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) industry (Kantar World Panel, 2019). Beverage
category products make the largest contribution compared to other product
categories in the Indonesian FMCG industry. One of the FMCG beverage products
favored by Indonesia's younger generation is the emergence of the coffee-to-go concept.
Rapid growth of coffee-to-go outlets in Indonesia shows
that the coffee business in Indonesia has a high repurchase rate. The desire of the younger generation to continue
buying coffee at an outlet is also shown by the Monkey survey which published
that 800 millennials spent more money on drinking coffee than saving for old
age (Christian, 2018) . The younger generation's repurchase intention for products is influenced by various factors
such as satisfaction and comfort felt during previous consumption and the
suitability of the product to their lifestyle (Herjanto & Amin, 2020) .
The coffee-to-go concept with the lifestyle
of the younger generation is one of the causes of the high coffee repurchase rate. The younger generation
likes practicality. The high number of traffic jams in several big cities in
Indonesia makes Indonesia's productive generation prefer products with high
mobility, such as ordering food via digital
platforms (Munadi
et al., 2022) .
Coffee drinks have become a
necessity of life for many people on this earth. Per capita consumption of
coffee drinks in developed countries in 2020 is relatively high, including
Finland 12 kg/year, Norway 9.9 kg/year, Denmark 8.7 kg/year, Netherlands 8.4
kg/year, and Sweden 8. .2 kg/year, Switzerland 7.9 kg/year, while consumption
of coffee drinks in Indonesia and other developing countries is relatively low
compared to developed countries, namely only 1.08 kg/year, Vietnam 1.53 kg/year
year, and the Philippines 1.78 kg/year (ICO,
2023) . Consumption of coffee drinks in
Asia generally shows a positive rate that is higher than the world average.
Consumption of coffee drinks in the Asian region has grown significantly, more
than doubling from the equivalent of 504 thousand tons in 1990 to 1.17 million
tons in 2012 and is estimated to reach 2.16 million tons in 2021. This is an
average growth rate -an average of 3.9% per year. In addition, East and
Southeast Asia's share of world consumption of coffee drinks has also
increased, accounting for 13.8% of the world total in 2012, up from 9.4% in
1990 and 10.9% in 2000. In 2021 Asia's total consumption reaches 22% of the
world's total consumption (ICO,
2023) .
Coffee is one
of the mainstay commodities in the agricultural sector which has an important
role in economic activities in Indonesia. In addition, in the January-August
2021 period coffee became the leading export commodity for the agricultural
sector with a value of US$472.4 million and became the second largest
contributor after medicinal, aromatic and spice plants (BPS 2021). The coffee
commodity plays an important role for the Indonesian economy, namely as a
source of foreign exchange, industrial raw material, provider of employment,
and export-import
Data on domestic coffee consumption in Indonesia
for the last five years from the
International Coffee Organization (ICO) states that the trend of domestic coffee consumption in Indonesia has
experienced significant growth over the last five years.
The increase in the amount of coffee consumption in Indonesia
has also led to an increase in the growth of coffee shops with the coffee-to-go
concept. The consumer goods sector is currently enlivened by the
emergence of new products (Ahmad Zainudin et al., 2021) . For example, coffee-to-go
shops. Coffee-to-go shops are one of the businesses that are included in
the Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) industry. The FMCG industry is
starting to switch to e-commerce which is supported by digital marketing
activities through websites and social media. Nielsen (2018) states that
online sales in the world for FMCG products are growing four times
faster than offline sales, with the Asian region being the largest
contributor to world FMCG online sales activity. According to (Kantar, 2019) in Indonesia the FMCG industry continues to grow
with an increase of 1.3 percent in 2018 and for beverage category products it
makes the largest contribution compared to other FMCG category products in
Indonesia
Coffee shops not only
serve brewed coffee, but also provide other products such as light or heavy
food (Rahardjo 2019). Including one coffee shop with a coffee-to-go concept.
Basically, a coffee-to-go shop is a coffee shop concept that sells
coffee products in take away packaging in minimalist outlets and does
not provide a place for dine-in, and sales are focused online. Along
with the increasing growth of coffee-to-go coffee shops, business
players in the coffee industry divide the journey of the coffee industry into
four waves which are in line with the momentum of the entry of phenomenal
coffee shop brands that provide coffee-to-go into the coffee industry.
Coffee shop companies have
sprung up because the needs and desires of the community are getting bigger and
more diverse. According to (Pertiwi et al., 2016), judging from this phenomenon, the level of
competition between companies is getting tighter. Therefore, according to (Arahmah et al., 2021) to face this competition, coffee shops are
required to implement good marketing so that companies can win competition in
the market.
Developments in the world
of technology are becoming more rapid day by day, this technological
development is being used by business people, including the coffee business, as
a driving force in facing increasingly tight business competition. Coffee-to-go
shop companies do marketing not only offline, but now they do it online.
Online marketing is a marketing activity using online networks via
computers or cellphones to reach a wider range of consumers (Kotler et al., 2016).
According to the
Association of Indonesian Internet Service Users (APJII) (Table 3), in 2021 -
2022 there will be 210 million internet users in Indonesia with internet user
penetration of 77.02%. This increase is quite natural considering that internet
users in Indonesia in the range from 2017 to 2020, the number of internet users
in Indonesia has increased from year to year, plus the Covid-19 pandemic has
made people use internet services for transactions, communication and other
things. The increase in the number of internet users in Indonesia has become a
business opportunity for business people to market online and maximize
their marketing via the internet network.
According to (Chen & Sun, 2014) Social commerce is considered as part of e-commerce
that uses social media as a facility for social interaction between
consumers and sellers so as to promote sales of products and services.
Through social media,
consumers can directly interact and share experiences when buying products.
Consumers can look at online reviews because it can help make them more
confident when making a purchase (Aji et al., 2020) . Consumers may be influenced by content shared by
a coffee-to-go shop brand on social media, so that consumers will
immediately look for detailed information regarding the products and services
offered by various coffee-to-go shop brands on the market, and make the
desire or intention to make a purchase stronger. Marketing through social media
is able to significantly influence and increase repurchasing from consumers
because it is driven by interactions made by consumers or relationships with
companies (Godey et al., 2016). According to a survey conducted (Toffin, 2020) coffee-to-go shops are in great demand by
consumers, especially millennial generation coffee fans. The survey results
show that coffee-to-go shops that provide quality ready-to-drink (RTD)
coffee at affordable prices are in great demand by the generation that
dominates the population in Indonesia today.
The consumer's decision to
buy and re-buy coffee products at Coffee-to-Go
outlets is related to the quality of taste and aroma. For the quality of
the taste and aroma of coffee served at Coffee-to-Go
shops, consumers expect coffee quality that is consistent, fresh and
according to consumer preferences. Consumers tend to look for the origin of the
coffee beans used. In addition to the quality of taste, aroma and origin of
coffee, coffee processing methods can affect the taste and quality of the
product. Coffee-savvy consumers may look for Coffee-to-Go shops that use pour-over processing, cold brew, or
other methods that produce uniquely flavored coffees to develop menu
innovations and enhance quality by mixing in other additives.
Providing good product
quality is very important for coffee shop companies, because according to (Toffin, 2020) the quality of coffee products is the main reason
for consumers when choosing which coffee shop to buy their products from.
Furthermore, according to (Susanti, 2017) quality is one of the conditions for fostering
consumer purchase intentions, a product can be said to be of quality if the
product can meet consumer expectations. Then, according to (Windari et al., 2019) the satisfaction of each consumer is different,
then when consumers are satisfied they will ultimately intend to make repeat
purchases.
The quality of the coffee
product is good, so consumers who buy it will experience satisfaction.
Consumers will be interested in submitting reviews about coffee drinks
purchased through their social media. Social media allows people to interact
with each other online, share opinions and product experiences (Adrian Gae Lomi, 2016). Submission of this exchange of information is
called electronic word of mouth (E-WOM). E-WOM will influence consumers
when they want to make a purchase intention for a particular product. When more
and more reviews are submitted by consumers via social media, it will increase
the interest of other consumers to buy, because there has been an exchange of
information regarding product consumption experiences, product reviews and
services for products purchased between consumers in the online sphere.
Reviews of coffee drink
products that are often discussed by consumers will significantly influence the
brand image of the product, which causes the brand to become famous. For
consumers, brands that have big names are often used as a reference in choosing
products because they promise higher value compared to other brands (Dermawan et al., 2016). According to (Elseidi & El-Baz, 2016) brand image is a
collection of information about a brand that is stored in the minds or memories
of consumers, for example coffee-to-go shop brands such as Kopi Kenangan
and Janji Jiwa.
According to (Maulana et al., 2016) coffee producers must be able to know what
consumers really want and expect from the coffee products offered, so that in
the end consumers will decide to make purchases of these coffee products.
Several previous studies
examined the relationship between product quality and repurchase intention where the results showed that product quality
had a significant effect on repurchase
intention (dalam
et al., 2022), (Farida,
2018), (Hanjani
et al., 2019), (
Dewi, 2019). This goes against research
Previous research on Electronic Word of Mouth has a
significant effect on repurchase
intention (Parama AP & Seminari, 2020), (Adriana, Ellitan, & Lukito, 2022), (Demante & Dwiyanto, 2019), (Muchlis et al., 2021), (Aldrin Akbar et al., 2019). This research
contradicts research (Meybiani et al., 2019) which states that Electronic Word of Mouth has no
significant effect on repurchase
intention .
Research on brand image
has a significant effect on repurchase
intention (Roshan
& Sudiksa, 2019), (Prakasa
Restuputra & Rahanatha, 2020), (Yonita
& Budiono, 2020), (Sanita
et al., 2019), (Tan
& Keni, 2020), (Tan
& Keni, 2020) The results of the study show that brand image has
a significant effect on brand image and has a significant effect on repurchase intention. The results of
this study contradict (Pham & Nguyen, 2019), (Purnapardi & Indarwati, 2022) which state that brand
image has no effect on repurchase
intention.
Research that is in line
with (Nyarmiati, 2021) , (Sugiyanto & Maryanto, 2021) , (Christian, 2018) states that product quality, electronic Word of Mouth and Brand Image on Repurchase Intention through consumer
satisfaction as an intervening variable.
Coffee-to-go shop repurchase
intentions is measured based on product and service quality, E-WOM, brand
image, and to test how much influence it has on satisfaction and purchase
intentions. Repeated millennial generation consumers.
Based on the problem
formulation, the objectives of this research are: 1) the direct variable
influence of product quality, E-WOM, and brand image on repurchase intention
at a coffee-to-go shop. 2) Indirect influence of product quality
variables, E-WOM, image and consumer satisfaction on repurchase intention
through consumer satisfaction at coffee-to-go shops.
For the benefit of this
research, it is hoped that it can provide information on factors that influence
repurchase intentions, as well as become material for consideration regarding
factors that need to be considered in developing product quality, brand image
and consumer satisfaction to assist the company in determining the marketing
strategy that will be carried out for the sake of support sales so that they
can compete with other brands that are already well-known in the community.
The
scope of this research is in the field of marketing management which focuses on
Repurchase Intention. The latent variables in this study are product and
service quality, E-WOM, brand image, consumer satisfaction and repurchase
intention. Then, the variables analyzed in this study are grouped into three,
namely: the dependent variable (Endogen)
in the form of repurchase intention, the independent variable (Exogenous)
in the form of product quality, E-WOM, brand image, and the intervening variable in the form of
consumer satisfaction.
According to Sugiyono
(2016) population is a generalized area consisting of objects or subjects that
have certain qualities and characteristics determined by the researcher and
conclusions are drawn. In this study, the sample was respondents who had
purchased coffee at a coffee-to-go shop aged 15 to 55 years. Then, the sampling
technique was carried out using non-probability sampling, namely using a
self-selected or volunteer sampling technique where the questionnaire would be
distributed online via Google Form and respondents would fill out the
questionnaire voluntarily.
The number of samples in
this study is limited based on the analytical requirements to be used in this
study, namely the Structural Equation Model (SEM). The required number of
samples is five to ten times greater than the indicator (Hair et al. 2006), so
the number of samples is in the range of 29 � 5 = 145 to 29 � 10 = 290. The
number of samples used in this study was 217 respondents. This takes the middle
number between 145 � 290. Determining the number of samples is based on Monte
Carlo studies conducted on various estimation methods, it is concluded that the
minimum sample size required to reduce bias in all types of Structural Equation
Modeling (SEM) estimates is 200 (Loehlin, 2003). The researcher took a sample
of 217 respondents who were considered quite representative and this number
fulfilled the rule of thumb from Chin WW (1998) and Roscoe (1975).
The data
collection technique used in this study was to use a Likert scale questionnaire given to respondents via the Google form. The instrument of this
research was a questionnaire that was distributed using the Google form which was given to respondents who met the
criteria. Before collecting data, the researcher tested the research instrument
first to find out whether the research instrument was appropriate. For this
reason, 15 questionnaires were given to 15 respondents who were students.
Respondents were selected randomly. The testing of this research instrument was
carried out through validity and reliability tests in the Statistical
Product and Service program Solutions.
The word valid (valid) has the same meaning as good (good).
Validity can be interpreted as a valid measure used to measure variable
indicators that will be used by researchers (Ferdinand, 2014). If r count is
positive and greater than r table, then the variable is valid.
An instrument is considered reliable if the instrument
consistently produces the same results every time it is measured (Ferdinand,
2014). The method for testing this reliability uses the Cronbach's Alpha method.
An indicator is considered reliable if the Cronbach's Alpha value
is more than 0.6.
Results
and Discussion
A.
Descriptive Analysis of Research Data
1.
Product Quality Variable ( KP )
The
results of the field data obtained showed that the majority answered
"agree" to statements about product quality. A summary of
respondents' perceptions of statements regarding Product Quality is as follows:
Table
1
Summary
of Respondents' Perceptions of Product Quality Variables
QUESTION ITEMS |
SS |
S |
N |
TS |
STS |
||||||
5 |
% |
4 |
% |
3 |
% |
2 |
% |
1 |
% |
||
Durability (endurance) |
|||||||||||
KP01 |
The taste of coffee at this coffee-to-go shop makes me addicted and
wants to subscribe regularly. |
114 |
52.5 |
93 |
42.9 |
3 |
1.4 |
6 |
2.8 |
1 |
0.5 |
KP02 |
The taste quality of the coffee at this coffee-to-go shop can compete
with the coffee served at other coffee shops. |
45 |
20.7 |
41 |
18.9 |
79 |
36.4 |
34 |
15.7 |
18 |
8.3 |
KP03 |
I consider it important that the coffee served at this coffee-to-go
shop has a unique and appetizing taste. |
96 |
44.2 |
100 |
46.1 |
11 |
5.1 |
7 |
3.2 |
3 |
1.4 |
KP04 |
The taste of coffee at this coffee-to-go shop meets my expectations. |
66 |
30.4 |
115 |
53.0 |
24 |
11.1 |
10 |
4.6 |
2 |
0.9 |
KP05 |
The taste of the coffee at this coffee-to-go shop is better than the
coffee at other coffee shops I've tried. |
72 |
33.2 |
129 |
59.4 |
6 |
2.8 |
8 |
3.7 |
2 |
0.9 |
Reliability |
|||||||||||
KP06 |
I
agree that the coffee served at this coffee-to-go shop lasts a long time in
terms of taste and aroma |
44 |
20.3 |
108 |
49.8 |
46 |
21.2 |
18 |
8.3 |
1 |
0.5 |
KP07 |
In my opinion, the taste of the coffee at this coffee-to-go shop
remains delicious for quite a long time after it is served. |
41 |
18.9 |
135 |
62.2 |
28 |
12.9 |
7 |
3.2 |
6 |
2.8 |
KP08 |
In my opinion, the coffee packaging at this coffee-to-go shop is very
effective in maintaining the freshness and taste quality of the coffee. |
32 |
14.7 |
90 |
41.5 |
75 |
34.6 |
17 |
7.8 |
3 |
1.4 |
KP09 |
I agree that the coffee blends at this coffee-to-go shop are very
interesting and unique. |
32 |
14.7 |
82 |
37.8 |
82 |
37.8 |
20 |
9.2 |
1 |
0.5 |
KP10 |
In my opinion, this coffee-to-go shop has a variety of different and
interesting coffee blends. |
48 |
22.1 |
96 |
44.2 |
44 |
20.3 |
24 |
11.1 |
5 |
2.3 |
Aesthetics |
|||||||||||
KP11 |
I agree that the product packaging design at this coffee-to-go shop is
very creative and contemporary. |
39 |
18.0 |
109 |
50.2 |
44 |
20.3 |
19 |
8.8 |
6 |
2.8 |
KP12 |
In my opinion, this coffee-to-go shop has an attractive product
packaging design and is different from other coffee shops. |
42 |
19.4 |
80 |
36.9 |
50 |
23.0 |
42 |
19.4 |
3 |
1.4 |
KP13 |
I feel confident that the product packaging at this coffee-to-go shop
is safe and does not leak easily when handled or when traveling. |
51 |
23.5 |
114 |
52.5 |
41 |
18.9 |
9 |
4.1 |
2 |
0.9 |
KP14 |
In my opinion, the product packaging at this coffee-to-go shop is
designed to be practical and easy to carry on the go. |
53 |
24.4 |
142 |
65.4 |
13 |
6.0 |
7 |
3.2 |
2 |
0.9 |
KP15 |
I feel comfortable carrying the product packaging of this coffee-to-go
shop because it's easy to hold and not a hassle to carry around |
48 |
22.1 |
141 |
65.0 |
20 |
9.2 |
4 |
1.8 |
4 |
1.8 |
Source: Primary Data Processed, 2023
4.1.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis
( CFA)
To evaluate the validity
and reliability of a theoretical concept, the confirmatory factor analysis
method is used. The concept dimension validity test can be carried out by
examining the standard factor loading values of each indicator in the full
model. If the standard factor loading value of an indicator is
> 0.5,
it can be concluded that the indicator has high validity. In addition,
reliability tests can be carried out by taking into account the Composite
Reliability (CR) value in the complete model. If the CR value of the indicator is
> 0.6,
it can be considered that the indicator has good reliability.
In this research,
confirmatory factor analysis is used to test the validity and reliability of
theoretical concepts. The validity of the concept can be confirmed based on the
indicator standard factor loading value > 0.5, while the reliability
of the concept can be confirmed based on the Composite Reliability (CR)
value > 0.6
4.8 Discussion
4.8.1. � The Relationship between Product Quality and
Consumer Satisfaction
��������������� Hypothesis testing shows
that the Product Quality variable has a direct positive effect on
Consumer Satisfaction at the Coffee-To-Go Shop, which is 0.29.
��������������� Product quality is an
important factor that can provide a strategic advantage in facing competitors.
Only companies with the best product quality will experience rapid growth and
ultimately achieve better long-term success than other companies (Kotler et
al., 2017). The intended external benefit is when the quality of the product or
service provided by the company can create a positive perception from customers
towards the company, influence their decisions, and build customer loyalty.
Meanwhile, internal benefits are seen when the company's focus on quality
results in internal improvements and positive value for the company (Lupiyoadi,
2015).
��������������� Previous
research by Novia et al., (2020) also found a significant influence between
product quality and customer satisfaction. The quality of the products offered
is the basis for creating customer satisfaction, where the level of customer
satisfaction is influenced by the quality of the products provided. The
relationship between product quality and customer satisfaction is very close.
If the product offered has good quality and meets or even exceeds customer
expectations, then the customer will feel satisfied with the product.
Conversely, if customers feel disappointed with the products they consume, they
tend to switch to products from competitors. Therefore, companies need to
maintain or improve the quality of their products so that customers are not
influenced by competitors and remain loyal to the company.
4.8.2. � The Relationship between Electronic Word of
Mouth and Consumer Satisfaction
��������������� Hypothesis
testing shows that the Electronic word of mouth variable has a direct positive
effect on Consumer Satisfaction at Coffee-To-Go Shops of 0.45.�
��������������� Electronic word of mouth is a digitalized
form of traditional Word of Mouth (WOM) . If WOM involves
direct communication from one individual to another, EWM uses electronic media
as an intermediary in conveying information (Humaira & Wibowo, 2016). The
more frequently and more positive the WOM carried out by consumers via social
media, the higher the level of consumer satisfaction with a tourist attraction
(Muda, 2018).
��������������� Several
previous studies have also found a relationship between EWM and visitor
satisfaction. For example, research conducted by Muda (2018) on visitors to the
Special Region of Yogyakarta shows that electronic word of mouth has a
significant influence on visitor satisfaction. This proves that electronic
word of mouth has an impact on the level of satisfaction of visitors to a
tourist attraction.
4.8.3 �� Relationship between Brand Image and Consumer
Satisfaction
��������������� Hypothesis
testing shows that the brand image variable has a direct positive
effect on consumer satisfaction at Coffee-To-Go Shops of 0.10.
��������������� Customer
satisfaction is the level at which consumers feel happy or disappointed with a
product. Satisfaction occurs when consumers have a positive perception of the
product. According to Kotler et al. (2017), satisfaction is achieved when
consumers perceive three indicators of a good brand image, namely manufacturer
image, product image and user image.
��������������� When consumers feel satisfied with the product they
purchased according to their hopes and desires, they tend to provide positive
testimonials verbally or through electronic word of mouth to other
people regarding the brand related to the product they purchased. Many
companies deliberately try to provide satisfaction to customers to increase
profits and profits. Therefore, establishing a brand on a product is very
important, because it has an influence on consumer attitudes and behavior. A
positive brand image will lead to customer satisfaction.
4.8.4 �� Relationship between product quality and repurchase
intention
��������������� Hypothesis
testing shows that the product quality variable has a direct positive
effect on repurchase
intention at
the Coffee-To-Go shop, which is 0.12.
��������������� Previous research
was conducted by Lorena & Martini (2019) who studied the influence of brand
image, menu diversity, shop atmosphere, and product quality on consumer
satisfaction and repurchase intentions at Society Coffee House Purwokerto. The
findings of this study indicate that product quality contributes positively to
increasing repurchase intentions. The research used the SEM (Structural
Equation Model) analysis method. Similar results were also found in
research conducted by Ketut (2018), Dalam et al. (2022), Farida (2018),
Arsyanti et al. (2016), and Ramadhan & Santosa (2017) which show that
product quality has a positive and significant influence on repurchase
intentions.
4.8.5 �� The relationship between electronic word
of mouth and repurchase intention
��������������� Hypothesis
testing shows that the Electronic word of mouth variable has a direct positive
effect
on Repurchase intention at Coffee-To-Go Shops, which is 0.26.�����
��������������� Previous research
was conducted by Laksmi et al. (2017) who investigated the impact of Electronic
word of mouth (EWM) on the purchase intentions of Instagram followers at
Warunk Upnormal. The results of this study indicate that EWM has a positive and
significant influence on purchase intentions of Instagram followers at Warunk
Upnormal. The method used in this research includes descriptive analysis and
simple linear regression analysis. Similar findings were also found in a study
conducted by Daswan et al. (2019), Fitrianingrum & Angga (2019), Febriany
(2021), and Aji et al. (2020) which shows that electronic word of mouth has
a positive and significant effect on repurchase intentions.
5.8.6 �� Relationship between Brand Image and Repurchase
Intention
��������������� Hypothesis
testing shows that the brand image variable has a direct positive
effect on repurchase
intention at
the Coffee-To-Go shop, which is 0.08.�������������
��������������� Research conducted
by Fandiyanto & Kurniawan (2019) concerning the effect of brand trust and
brand image on repurchasing intention of Toraja Coffee at Coffee Josh
Situbondo, found that brand image has a dominant and significant influence on
consumer repurchase intentions. The method used in this research is multiple
linear regression analysis. Similar findings were also found in research
conducted by Ketut (2018), Purnomo (2018), Dewi (2019), Media et al. (2020),
and Saputra et al. (2020) which shows that brand image has a significant and
positive influence on repurchase intention.
4.8.7 �� Relationship of Product
Quality, Electronic Word of Mount, Brand Image to
Repurchase Intention through Consumer Satisfaction
Hypothesis testing shows that the product
quality variable has a positive influence on Repurchase intention
through Consumer Satisfaction as an intervening variable of
0.035. Electronic
word of mouth has a positive effect on Repurchase intention through
Consumer Satisfaction as an intervening variable of 0.117. Brand
image has
a positive effect on Repurchase intention through Consumer Satisfaction
as an intervening variable of 0.008.��������������������
��������������� From the results of the
research described in the previous chapter, there are several conclusions as
follows: (1) the variable Product Quality has a direct positive
effect on Consumer Satisfaction at Coffee-To-Go Shops . (2) Electronic word of
mouth variable
has a direct positive effect on consumer satisfaction at coffee-to-go shops.
(3) Brand image variable has a direct positive effect on
consumer satisfaction at coffee-to-go shops. (4) The product quality variable has a
direct positive effect on repurchase intention at the
Coffee-To-Go Shop. (5) The electronic word of mouth variable has a direct positive
effect
on repurchase intention at Coffee-To-Go Shops. (6)
The brand image variable
has a direct positive effect on repurchase intention at Coffee-To-Go Shops.
(7) Variables
of product quality, electronic word of
mount, brand image have a positive effect on repurchase
intention through consumer satisfaction as an intervening variable.
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