Analysis of Mathematical Knowledge of Journalists in West Kalimantan Based on Journalistic Profile

ABSTRACT


INTRODUCTION
Numbers, like words, are an important part of journalism. Both can explain how an event happens in this world. Every aspect of modern life, from the quality of the air we breathe to safety while driving, is measurable and can be explained through numbers. Political news, for example, is also mostly based on numbers. In elections, for example, numbers play a significant role, starting with turnout; percentage of novice voters; percentage of female voters; up to the winning rate of a candidate or candidate. These reports become more reliable by containing numbers and mathematical calculations (Scott R Maier, 2005).
Similarly, in the budget prepared by the government and the DPR, everything is related to numbers. Therefore, it can be said, various aspects of life, ranging from economic issues, business, employment, to sports, all require numbers. Like it or not, journalists or journalists when writing news need these mathematical calculations.
In presenting news, journalists often use mathematical data and numbers. In the preliminary research, researchers have analyzed the content of news in the Pontianak Post Daily which contains mathematical content. Content analysis was carried out in the January 2, 2020 edition of Pontianak Post to January 31, 2022. Of the 631 news stories analyzed, it was found that as many as 212 news stories or 33.60 percent contained mathematical content. While the rest, as many as 419 news or 66.40 percent did not contain mathematical content. The results of this content analysis indicate that data and figures play a significant role in news.
Today, the public needs credible and reliable news. As we know, it is the duty of journalists to tell the truth. So that citizens can get the information they need to be sovereign (Bill Kovach and Tom Rosenstiel, 2001).
The decision to interpret and react to data should not be left solely to scientists or politicians. The mass media must also encourage its journalists to improve their mastery and comprehension of reading data and numbers. The media also continues to be encouraged to increase the use of data in news writing. Not just relying on statements or comments from sources.
This study aims to measure the basic mathematical competence of journalists and is analyzed based on journalistic profiles, such as gender (male or female), education, age, length of work as a journalist, and the level of journalist competency test that has been followed.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Based on the data that has been collected, then an analysis of the research data is carried out. Before the data is analyzed, it is also analyzed about the results of the validity and reliability of the test instruments used. This is done to determine the accuracy of the test kit so that it can measure the mathematical ability of journalists in West Kalimantan precisely.

A. Validity Test
Validity tests are carried out to show the accuracy of instruments or measuring instruments, both in the form of test devices and questionnaires used in research. In this study, validity measurement uses correlation from Kart Pearson (Pearson correlation), which compares R-count with R-table. If the R-count is greater than the R-table then the measuring instrument is declared valid.
For this validity and reliability test, the research instrument has been tested on 31 journalists by filling out 20 test answers on google form. The results of respondents' answers are automatically recorded on Google Sheets and read on Excel tabulations.
After that, the available data is calculated for validity using Kart Pearson correlation. The results of validity tests that have been carried out in this study are shown in the following table:  Based on the table above, it can be seen that the reliability on question X is 0.841. Because of its reliability > 0.6, the instrument is declared reliable or reliable.
Instruments that are declared valid and reliable can be used to conduct research. This test instrument is considered to be able to measure the mathematical ability or competence of journalists in West Kalimantan.

Description of Mathematical Knowledge Journalist
To measure the mathematical competence of journalists, researchers have compiled 20 questions in the form of multiple-choice questions. This problem was adopted from a math competency problem for journalists developed by the Poynter institute. Questions have been given to 33 respondents who work as journalists in various mass media in West Kalimantan. The correct answer gets 5 points and the wrong answer gets 0 points. The highest number of points is 100 and the lowest points are 0.
The results of respondents' answers are grouped into four categories, namely good, medium, low, very low based on the range of values obtained.   In the respondents' answers, the highest score obtained was 85, while the lowest score was 20. Based on the results of the mathematics competency test that has been given, the criteria for the most speakers are low criteria, namely as many as 13 respondents or 39.39 percent. In second place, on the medium criterion with 12 the number of 12 respondents or 36.36 percent. As for the high criterion, it is in third place with 6 respondents or 18.18. Meanwhile, for very low criteria there were 2 respondents or 6.07 percent. If you pay attention, there is no noticeable difference between the average scores of male and female respondents. For male respondents with an average score of 60.54, while women were slightly higher at 61.

Mathematical Knowledge by Age
When viewed based on age, the average value of respondents is quite variable. For respondents under 25 years old, there were 2 resource persons, where the test scores were 40 and 70 respectively. This means that there is a significant difference in the test scores obtained by the two respondents.
While respondents with an age range of 26 to 35 years get mixed scores. Of the 12 respondents in this age range, the scores obtained varied, ranging from 40 to 80.
The acquisition of highly variable values can be seen in 15 respondents with an age range of 36-45 years. In respondents with this age range, the highest score obtained was 80, while the lowest value was 20. This shows that there is a fairly high value disparity, which also shows that there is an ability gap among these respondents. In table 4.7, it is known that respondents with an age range of 26-35 years get the highest average score with a value of 65.83. Followed by respoden with an age range of 36-45 years with a value of 58.21. While respondents with an age range under 25 years get a score of 57.5.
As for the average lowest score obtained by respondents with an age range of 46-55 years, namely 56. Although there are differences, the average value seen from the age of these respondents is not so striking the disparity.

Graph 1 Mathematical Knowledge by Age
By looking at graph 4.2, it is known that there is a difference in the average score of mathematical competence of the respondents when viewed based on age. But the difference is not too noticeable. This means that the average abilities of the respondents are almost diverse.

Graph 2
The mathematical competence of journalists seen based on their education is interesting to discuss. As is known, the respondents of this study had various educational backgrounds, ranging from high school, D3, S1, to S2.
Based on graph 4.3, it is known that the highest average score was obtained by respondents with D3 education, namely with a score of 66. While the lowest score was obtained by respondents with a high school education level. While S1 respondents obtained an average score of 63.53 or in second position. While respondents with S2 education level get an average score of 56.67 or in third place.
When viewed from the fields of study pursued while taking S1, the majority of respondents were graduates of social study programs, namely Management Science, Graphic Design, Geography Education, Information Management, Tarbiyah  Graph 3 The highest average score based on length of work was respondents with a duration of work between 16-25 years, with an average score of 69. While the lowest average score was respondents aged 26 years and over with an average value of 52.50. While respondents aged 6-15 got an average score of 62.08. For respondents with less than 5 years of service, the average score was 57.5.

D. Regression Test on Research Variables
Before the regression test is carried out, an assumption test is first carried out, namely the normality, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation tests.

Normality test
Normality Test is a test conducted with the aim of assessing the distribution of data in a group of data or variables, whether the distribution of data is normally distributed or not.

Graph 5 Normality Test Results
From graph 5 it can be seen that the points spread around the line and follow the diagonal line so that it can be said that the data is normally distributed. Thus, it means that the results of the answers to the mathematical competency test that have been given to the respondents of this study are distributed normally. Because the significance value in the calculation of table 4.10 above is more than 0.05, heteroscedasticity does not occur. A good regression model is one in which homoscedasticity or heteroscedasticity does not occur. From the output above, it is known that the value "Collinearity Tolerance" variable is more than 0.10 and the value of "Statistics VIF" is less than 10. Then it can be concluded that here there is no multicollinearity between independent variables.

IJSSR Page 2037
For ametoxcorrelation test there are three conditions that must be observed: a. If d is less than dL or greater than (4-dL) then the hypothesis is rejected, meaning that there is autotolerance. b. If d lies between dU and (4-dU), then the hypothesis is accepted which means there is no correlation. c. If d lies between dL and dU or between (4-dU) and (4-dL) then it does not produce a definite conclusion.
Based on the data above, then: N = 33 K = Number of variables =5 Dl = 1.13 Du = 1.81 4-du = 2.19 Because the value of 1.929 lies between du and 4-du, it is concluded that there is no autocorrelation in the data above. Based on the output table "ANOVA" above, it is known that the significance value (Sig.) in the F test is 0.5. Because Sig. 0.5 > 0.05, then as the basis for decision making in the F test it can be concluded that five variables (together) have no effect on the Mathematics ability score. The five variables are gender, age, education, length of work as a journalist, and journalist competence do not have a simultaneous influence on the dependent variable of mathematical competence.

CONCLUSION
From the results of the discussion of Chapter IV it can be concluded that: (1) Result The test showed that 39.39 percent of respondents had low mathematical knowledge, 36.36 percent on medium criteria, 18.18 on high criteria, and 6.07 percent on very low criteria. (2) There were no significant differences in the mathematical competence of journalists in West Kalimantan by gender. The average score of the competency test of male respondents was 60.54, while the average score of female respondents was 61.
(3) There are differences in the mathematical competence of journalists in West Kalimantan by age, although the disparity is not striking. Respondents with an age range of 26-35 years get the highest average score with a value of 65.83. Followed by next Respoden with an age range of 36-45 years with a value of 58.21. While respondents with an age range under 25 years get a score of 57.5. As for the average lowest score obtained by respondents with an age range of 46-55 years, namely 56. (4) The mathematics competence of journalists in West Kalimantan based on education, the highest average score was obtained by respondents with D3 education, which was 66. While the lowest score was obtained by respondents with a high school education level with a score of 52.5. While S1 respondents obtained an average score of 63.53 or in second position. For respondents with S2 education level, they get an average score of 56.67 or in third place. (5) The highest average score based on length of work was respondents with a duration of work between 16-25 years, with an average score of 69. While the lowest average score was respondents aged 26 years and over with an average value of 52.50. While respondents aged 6-15 got an average score of 62.08. For respondents with less than 5 years of service, the average score was 57.5. (6) The highest average score based on length of work was respondents with a working duration between 16-25 years, namely 69. While the lowest average score was respondents with a length of work of 26 years and over, namely 52.50. While respondents aged 6-15 got an average score of 62.08. For respondents with less than 5 years of service, the average score was 57.5.(7) Based on the table output "ANOVA" it is known that the significance value (Sig.) in the F test is 0.5. Because Sig. 0.5 > 0.05, then as the basis for decision making in the F test it can be concluded that five variables (together) have no effect on the Mathematics ability score. The five variables are gender, age, education, length of work as a journalist, and journalist competence does not have a simultaneous influence on the dependent variable of mathematical competence