Analysis of Occupational Safety and Health
Implementation in National Strategic Projects Case Study of Kulon Progo Airport
Infrastructure Development
Project
Daniel Rinsani Pakpahan1, Ferry
Hermawan2, Ismiyati3
Department of Civil Engineering, Diponegoro
University, Indonesia
*Email: [email protected]
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Keywords |
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ABSTRACT |
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Airport, National Strategic
Project, Construction Safety Management System (CSMS), Lesson Learned |
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One of the provinces that has received the
government's attention and is recorded as having a national strategic project
as stated in Presidential Decree No. 3 of 2016 concerning the acceleration of
the implementation of national strategic projects is the Province of the
Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY), namely Kulon Progo Airport Infrastructure
Development. The project which is carried out by a joint operation between PT
PP (Persero) Tbk and PT Geotekindo (PP KSO) stands on 587 Ha of land with the
target that the airport must operate partially in just nine months from the
start of construction. This project has challenges in the form of work
complexity, the use of a large number of various types of heavy equipment,
thousands of workers with various skills, and a very short time to complete
the work. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that influence
the Construction Safety Management System (CSMS), analyze the risk level of
project implementation, and evaluate the effectiveness of CSMS performance
implementation in the Kulon Progo Airport Infrastructure Development Project
which is expected to be able to provide lessons learned from other similar
projects. The research method used is a qualitative method using HSE activity
reports during the construction period and interviews with seven informants
who were involved during the construction period. The results of the study
show that there are ten top ranking keys to the success of CSMS in the Kulon
Progo Airport Infrastructure Development Project, including Hazard
Identification, Risk Assessment, Control and Opportunity, Job Safety Analysis
(JSA), Communication, Concern with training programs, Occupational Health
Management, Work Environment Safety Management, Equipment, Construction
Safety Unit Duties and Responsibilities, Standards and Legislation as well as
Inspections and Audits. Whereas the implementation of the risk level can be
mitigated properly because it is planned in great detail and communicated
very intensively from the top management level to the level of workers in the
field and for the implementation of CSMS performance in the case study this
research has proven to be effective. �
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INTRODUCTION
The Indonesian government is
currently intensively building infrastructure for transportation systems both
land, sea and air spread from Sabang to Merauke. One of the provinces that
received government attention and was recorded to have national strategic
projects as stated in Presidential Decree Number 3 of 2016 concerning the acceleration
of the implementation of national strategic projects is the Yogyakarta Special
Region Province (DIY). DIY Province has a tourism sector that is a destination
for domestic and international tourists only has one airport, namely
Adisutjipto Airport which is one of the third busiest airports in Java Island
today. Adisutjipto Airport can also be said to be the entrance of other
countries to Indonesia. Over the past few years, Adisutjipto Airport has
experienced a decline in service quality because it has exceeded its carrying
capacity and capacity (lack of capacity) so it is very important to develop or
build a new airport in this province.
Through the Presidential Regulation
of the Republic of Indonesia Number 98 of 2017 concerning the Acceleration of
the Construction and Operation of New Airports in Kulonprogo Regency,
Yogyakarta Special Region Province, the Government instructed PT Angkasa Pura 1
(Persero) to carry out new airport operations in stages in April 2019. In
short, the duration of work from the stages of land preparation, planning and
construction makes all stakeholders involved in the construction of this
airport accelerate work or crash programs which will generally have an impact
on cost, quality, time and occupational safety and health. According to
research conducted the acceleration of projects with the crash program method
has an impact on occupational health and safety, namely by increasing the
number of workers to accelerate work will reduce the freedom of workspace of
each worker so as to reduce worker productivity. In addition, the addition of
overtime hours will also reduce the concentration of workers, thereby
increasing the risk of work accidents. In addition, his research stated that
direct costs will increase if the project implementation time is accelerated,
but these direct costs will also increase if the project implementation time is
slowed down. Indirect costs do not depend on the quantity of work, but rather depend
on the timeframe of project implementation. If these indirect costs are
considered fixed over the life of the project, then the cumulative costs will
rise linearly according to the life of the project.
Feasibility Study Report on the
Construction of Kulon Progo New Airport in Yogyakarta stated that the capacity
of Adisutjipto Airport is inadequate due to: (1) The terminal capacity of
Adisutjipto Airport is designed to accommodate 1.2 million passengers per year
while at the end of 2014. The number of passengers has reached 6.2 million
passengers per year. (2) Passenger growth in the last 3 (three) years also
increased by 8.62%, namely 5.7 million in 2013 to 6.2 million in 2014 and 6.3
million in 2015. (3) The capacity of the aircraft parking area (apron) at
Adisutjipto Airport is also only able to accommodate 8 aircraft, which results
in queues and delays for aircraft to land and air. (4) The runway capacity is
also unable to accommodate wide-body aircraft for long-haul international
flights (including Hajj flights). (5) Adisutjipto Airport can no longer be
developed due to limited land and natural obstacles in the form of mountains
and rivers and (6) Passenger forecast in 2041 is 20 million passengers per
year.
Due to these limitations and given
the importance of airport development to accommodate existing traffic, the
construction of an airport in a new location is a necessity. From the results
of the feasibility study for the determination of the location of the new
Yogyakarta airport that has been carried out, the most feasible location is
located in Temon District (Jangkaran, Palihan, Sindutan, Glagah, and Kebonrejo
Villages), Kulon Progo Regency, DIY Province.
This airport is the first airport in
Indonesia to successfully obtain a gold green building certificate with
planning that has taken into account the burden of tsunami, disaster mitigation
and liquefaction in the airport area and uses building information modeling in
its implementation. Another uniqueness in the implementation that has an impact
on CSMS
in this project is that all work areas both air side and ground side are
carried out simultaneously until they can be operated. There are thousands of
workers, hundreds of heavy equipment working simultaneously and the overtime
work system and two shifts are challenges for PP KSO to succeed this government
program. The rise of construction accidents and national strategic projects
today is a challenge for the project team to ensure that SMKK projects run and
support production and completion in the field
METHODS
In this study, a qualitative
research approach was used, where research data was taken from secondary data
and primary data. The research process started from the first stage was to
identify the Kulon Progo Airport Infrastructure Development Project. The second
stage is to determine the objectives of the study. The third stage is data
collection, where the data used is primary data in the form of interviews with
related stakeholders and secondary data in the form of project data. After all
the data is collected and validated, proceed with the stage of analyzing the
data. The first data analysis technique is to analyze the factors that affect
the Construction Safety Management System (SMKK) by grouping these data into 5
elements of SMKK and its derivatives contained in the Regulation of the
Minister of Public Works and Public Housing of the Republic of Indonesia Number
21 / PRT / M / 2019 concerning Construction Safety Management System
Guidelines. The process of grouping primary data and secondary data is so much
that the help of ATLAS.ti software is needed. to avoid data grouping errors.
The second data analysis technique is to analyze the level of risk of project
implementation using secondary data in the form of weekly project reports to
inventory events related to construction safety. The report is checked against
HSE Plan, Job Safety Analysis (JSA), Work Permit ̧ and Risk Analysis. The
third data analysis technique is SMK3 audit documentation to evaluate the
effectiveness of SMKK performance implementation. After all the data has been
analyzed, check whether it has answered the purpose of the research yet. The
next stage is the interpretation of the results in the form of lessons learned
from the case study of the Kulon Progo Airport Infrastructure Development
Project. The final stage is to draw conclusions from this study and provide
suggestions for future research. The stages of this research can be
seen in the research analysis framework diagram in Figure 1 as follows:
Figure
1 Research Analysis Framework Diagram
RESULTS
CSMS Strategy
In selecting and
negotiating the selection of service providers, PP KSO makes the SMKK aspect
one of the requirements in choosing prospective service providers. Figure 2
below is the registration flow for prospective service providers used to select
service subproviders in the Kulon Progo Airport Infrastructure Development
Project. The registration flow for prospective service providers considers the CSMS
aspect as one of the requirements. This is one of the strategies to ensure that
prospective service providers have understood and fulfilled the aspects of CSMS
before working on this project.
The registration flow
process for prospective service providers above is divided into two processes,
where the green is the process inputted by the prospective service provider and
the blue is the checking process carried out by PPKSO. In the "QHSE
Assessment" stage, there are QHSE documents that have been submitted by
prospective service providers and will be verified by PP KSO. The verification
carried out includes the ownership status of the quality management system and
K3L, the person in charge related to QHSE, quality assurance organizations and
K3L, questions about CSMS and other QHSE supporting documents.
Notes Green indicates
prospective service Providers Blue�������� :PP KSO
Picture 1 Registration Flow for Prospective Service Providers
Another procurement strategy carried out in this project is the
process at the time of billing and handover of work from service providers to
PP KSO. If in other regular projects, bills and handovers usually do not
involve the HSE Unit and Quality Control Unit, in the Kulon Progo Airport
Infrastructure Development Project there are stages that must go through the
HSE Unit and Quality Control Unit before going to the billing process as
Figure 3. The flow of the process of billing the work progress of the
Service Subprovider starts from submitting documents for vendor progress in the
form of documents from the HSE Unit and QC Unit. Furthermore, validation of job
mapping and checking of work volume is carried out. After that, the billing
file will be issued, if it is not appropriate, it will return to the stage of
checking the volume of work and if it is appropriate, it will proceed to the
stage of providing a Subcontract Performance Report (LPS) from the Field
Minutes which is then included in the Payment Minutes. Checklist of invoices and taxation is then included in the list of hospitalization debts.
Picture 2 Billing Process Flow
Subprovider Work Progress
This process is solely to
ensure that the CSMS run by subproviders runs well and ensure that the CSMS is
not just a mere document but also needed in the implementation process and
requires improvement.
Strategy of Work Implementation
Methods
A good implementation method is an implementation method that provides
convenience for the implementation of work in the field and includes aspects of
CSMS and quality. Implementation Method per each work made in the Kulon Progo
Airport Infrastructure Development Project consists of Engineering Documents,
implementation methods related to the sequence, way and process of implementing
work to be carried out in the field, estimated implementation time, related to
the length of work process time and HSE Plan planning which explains the
CSMS plan in which there is a Job Safety Analysis (JSA). This is to
provide an overview to units and workers working in the field related to all
aspects from methods to CSMS for the work to be done. The process of approving
the implementation method to PMSC and the Project Owner follows the procedure
agreed upon at the beginning of the project. Figure 4 is the flow of approval
of implementation methods between contractors, PMSC and Project Owners in the
Airport Infrastructure Development Project in Kulon Progo.
Picture 3 Flow of approval of implementation methods between the
Contractor, PMSC and Project Owner (SOP for Airport Infrastructure Development
Project in Kulon Progo, 2018)
After the implementation method document has received approval, the
final stage carried out is socialization and training. This is done to
provide an overview both in theory and field practice to field personnel in
carrying out the work and to convey risks and things that need attention.
Dormitory Strategy for Workers
In the implementation of construction projects, a plan of residence or
worker barracks or dormitories is needed for labor during the
construction period. A decent and representative place to live will make
workers feel at home so that it will indirectly help the productivity of work
in the field. One aspect of planning and making a dormitory is the number of
workers who will work, security aspects, accessibility aspects and of course
the comfort of the workers when they will live in the dormitory. The dormitory
should also be built close to the main access road of the project to facilitate
access and control of people in and out of the project with a one-door design
which can be seen in Figure 5 below.
Picture 4 Location of Worker Dormitory
Another strategy carried out by PP KSO to keep the workforce at home,
healthy and productive is to provide worker buses that serve between workers
from the dormitory to the work area. The large work area with a
considerable distance from the dormitory to the work location makes PP
KSO have to think of strategies to maintain discipline when workers come, and
leave. Another problem is that because the distance is quite far, not a few
workers are lazy to go back to the dormitory, so activities during the
break are spent in the project environment. During the rest period, activities
such as eating and even sleeping are automatically carried out in the project
environment and result in a lot of food waste that pollutes the project area.
Therefore, an idea was sparked to provide public transportation for workers who
live in dormitories, the transportation is a bus. The route and
destination division from next to the bus can be seen in Figure 6 below.
Factors Affecting CSMS
Factors affecting the construction safety management
system (CSMS) in the Kulon Progo Airport Infrastructure Development Project are
carried out by analyzing all primary data and secondary data and ranking them
into 5 (five) elements of CSMS as contained in the Regulation of the Minister
of Public Works and Public Housing of the Republic of Indonesia No.
21/PRT/M/2019 concerning Construction Safety Management System Guidelines
article 7, to see what factors are dominant. The 5 (five) elements of CSMS and
their derivatives can be seen in table 1 below.
Occupational Health and Safety Program Strategy
The strategy carried
out by PP KSO in running the CSMS program in the Airport Infrastructure
Development Project in Kulon Progo is to place the person in charge in their
respective areas led by the HSE Manager. Collaboration with service providers
who provide HSE Officers in the field is also one of the keys to
success. Daily, weekly and monthly monitoring and evaluation are also carried
out to measure and evaluate what achievements and obstacles will be faced. The HSE
work programs implemented are (1) Induction, (2) HSE Training, (3)
Toolbox Meeting, (4) HSE Inspection, (5) HSE Patrol and Management
Review, (6) HSE Meeting, (7) HSE Talk, (8) Reward and Punishment, (9) Corporate
Social Responsibility, and (10) Medical Program.
Then from the existing CSMS data and documents of
the Kulon Progo Airport Infrastructure Development Project and the results of
interviews, analysis was carried out using ATLAS.ti software. The stages
of analysis carried out are by formulating CSMS elements into a coding then grouping from primary
data and secondary data to CSMS elements that have been coded with the help of ATLAS.ti software. Coding that is input into the software
consists of two levels. The first level is called "Code Groups" which
contains five elements of CSMS, while the second level is coding which
consists of derivatives of five elements of CSMS.
The documents used to
analyze the factors affecting the Construction Safety Management System in the
Kulon Progo Airport Infrastructure Development project are HSE Plan PP
KSO documents, Interview Resource Person Resume, Transcription of interview
results, Job Safety Analysis (JSA), S-Curve, Project Planning Kulon
Progo Airport Infrastructure Development Project, and Kulon Progo Airport
Infrastructure Development Project Cost Budget Plan.
After conducting an analysis with ATLAS.ti in the top ten
rankings of factors that affect the construction safety management system
include Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, Control and Opportunities
(IBPRP), Job Safety Analysis (JSA), Communication, Concern with training
programs, Occupational Health Management, Work Environment Safety Management,
Equipment, Construction Safety Unit (UKK) Duties and Responsibilities,
Standards and Legislation and finally Inspection and finally Inspection and Audit
as shown in Figure 7.
