PUBLIC INFORMATION
OPENNESS STRATEGY IN MAINTAINING QUALITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY OF 2024 ELECTIONS
IN BANTEN PROVINCE
Hilman*, Pri Utami
Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Islam
Syekh Yusuf, Banten, Indonesia
Email: [email protected]*,
[email protected]
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Article
Information |
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ABSTRACT |
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Received:
December 12, 2022 Revised:
December 28, 2022 Approved:
January 15, 2023 Online:
January 28, 2023 |
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The 2024 Simultaneous Election is a Democratic process
that has been mutually agreed upon by the Government and the People's
Representative Council. This process certainly does not only bring about
constitutional consequences but also legal certainty which has implications
for all stakeholders in the central, provincial and district/city governments
in Indonesia. Accountability from election organizers, namely the General
Election Commission (KPU) and the Election Supervisory Body (Bawaslu) in all
stages is very important, because the stages and results determination
process are expected not to cause conflict between election participants and
their sympathizers. Then the quality of elections also needs to get serious
attention, this quality is also related to the professionalism of election
organizers, so to answer these two demands there needs to be information
disclosure as stated in law number 14 of 2008 concerning public information
transparency. Banten Province can run simultaneous elections in 2024 if the
KPU and Bawaslu work in a professional and accountable manner from all
stages. Election quality in Banten province can be achieved if the organizers
know and implement the current regulations. Leadership Commitment,
Collaboration with all stakeholders, and carrying out various innovations to
convey Periodic information, immediately, and information at any time about
the implementation of the 2024 Election must be carried out by the KPU and
Bawaslu of Banten Province. Commitment, Collaboration and Innovation in the
holding of elections in Banten province are novelties in this research. democratic,
honest, fair, transparent and the results can be accounted for. ·
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Keywords |
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Election; Openness; Quality; Accountability |
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INTRODUCTION
The Indonesian nation first held General Elections in 1955 which were
considered the most democratic when compared to the subsequent elections. As a
democratic country, elections are a legal mechanism for transferring power in
accordance with the 1945 Constitution (Simamora,
2014). So in the course of the implementation of
the General Election up to 2019 there have been many changes in regulations and
mechanisms (Cahya
et al., 2019).
The 2024 general election will be held in order to elect members of the
Legislature, namely the People's Representative Council (DPR), Regional
Representative Council (DPD), Regional People's Representative Council
Provincial DPRD and Regency/City DPRD and will elect the President and Vice
President (Silalahi,
2022). There is room for guarantees for election
participants if they are deemed dissatisfied, namely by suing either the
Election Supervisory Body, the Election Organizer Honorary Council (DKPP), and
the lawsuit can be submitted to the Constitutional Court (MK). Lawsuits on the
results of the election often occur in the Constitutional Court (MK) as a
result of the dissatisfaction of election participants. So that this
constitutional step is used by election participants to get a sense of justice.
The General Election Commission (KPU)
is a state institution formed based on Law number 7 of 2017, this law was made
in order to carry out the process and all stages of the election (Warjiyati,
2020). Bawaslu is an election supervisory
institution which was also formed based on the same law as the KPU. KPU and
Bawsaalu institutions have been formed in all provinces and districts/cities
throughout Indonesia, including the Banten Province KPU.
General Elections must be carried out on the basis of general, direct,
free, confidential, honest and fair. So the principle of implementing the
election needs to be upheld by the organizers both from the central to the
regional levels (Rais
et al., 2021). Realizing quality and transparent elections
can actually be realized if there is openness of public information in all
stages. The guarantee of Public Information Disclosure is essentially respect
for human rights (HAM). So that the election implementation process can be
accountable to the State, the public, and especially the election participants.
The regulation-based election implementation strategy is one of the
steps that must be implemented by the organizers (Ardiani
et al., 2019). Considering that the election stage will
begin in May 2022 this year, there are many issues that need to be prepared,
including data collection on more than 12 million Banten residents spread
across 8 districts/cities, namely; Tangerang City, South Tangerang City,
Tangerang Regency, Serang Regency, Serang City, Lebak Regency, Pandeglang
Regency and Cilegon City. The data collection on prospective voters is intended
to increase voter participation for those who are already registered, because
in the implementation of the previous year's general elections it often raised
issues regarding the number of Permanent Voter Lists (DPT).
This research will focus on the steps and strategies of the organizers,
both the General Election Commission (KPU) and Bawaslu, in the national agenda,
namely the 2024 general election to elect members of the People's
Representative Council, Regional Representative Council, Provincial and
Regency/City Regional People's Representative Councils. Then the process of
implementing the stages of the Election is linked to Public Information
Disclosure in maintaining Quality and Accountability.
Based on the research background and research focus that has been described
above, the formulation of the problem in this study is stated as follows; How
do the General Election Commission and the Election Supervisory Body maintain
the Quality and Accountability of ELECTION implementation; What are the factors
that affect Public Information Disclosure in the implementation of ELECTIONS in
Banten province, and What strategies can be applied by the General Election
Commission and Bawaslu in realizing ELECTION Information Disclosure in order to
maintain.
METHODS
Factors that are no less important affect the
type of approach or research methodology used (Arikunto, 2013), namely (1) research
objectives; (2) available time and funds; (3) availability of research
subjects; (4) interest or taste of researchers. The research method used in
this research is descriptive qualitative research.
The object of this
research focuses on Election Organizers in Banten Province consisting of KPU
members, Banten Province Bawaslu, Information Management and Documentation
Officers (PPID) in each organizer as well as Political Parties participating in
the 2019 Election which won seats in the DPRD Banten Province. Then the object
of this research is also various regulations for holding elections that refer
to Law number 7 of 2017 and other implementing regulations. In this study used data collection techniques with
in-depth interviews and documentation. The three techniques are described as
follows:
a) In-depth interviews are data collection techniques based on intensive
conversations with a specific purpose. Interviews were conducted in order to
obtain various information regarding the problems raised in the research.
Interviews were conducted with key informants (key informants) who were
considered to be in control of the problem, namely the General Election
Commission (KPU) Commissioner for Banten Province and the Election Supervisory
Board (Bawaslu) Commissioner for Banten Province. Political Party (PARPOL)
officials participating in the Election at the Tangerang City level who
currently have seats in the Tangerang City DPRD as a result of the 2019
elections, and Beginner Voters.
b) Documentation, is a data collection technique by studying documents,
reports, drawings, electronic documents, encyclopedias, articles, regulations
and other literature that is relevant to the research problem. Data collection
both by observation, interviews and documentation is carried out continuously
until it reaches saturation point.
c) The Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was carried out in order to obtain
complete data from the officials of the Political Parties (PARPOL)
participating in the Election at the Tangerang City level who currently have
seats in the Tangerang City DPRD as a result of the 2019 elections, and
participants especially from Beginner Voters.
RESULTS
This
research consists of the variables of Public Information Disclosure, Quality,
and Accountability in the implementation of General Elections (PEMILU) which
will be held in 2024 in Banten province. In this study, the organizers, namely
the General Election Commission (KPU), Election Supervisory Board (BAWASLU),
Election Contesting Political Parties and Newbie Voters who were used as
respondents, then submitted statements in the form of interviews and Focus
Group Discussions. (FGD) which is the elaboration of the variable indicators of
Public Information Disclosure, Quality, and Accountability to respondents.
Transparency of Public Information about
Elections is the cornerstone of gaining the trust of all parties involved in
the Election, including political parties, Regional Representative Council
(DPD) candidates, presidential and vice-presidential pairs (Ana,
2018).The
information managed by the Information and Documentation Management Officer
(PPID) of the General Election Commission of Banten Province with 8
districts/cities will be related to regulatory aspects of the General Election
Commission Regulations, circulars, technical instructions and so on, and not
that there are also the results of the Election, the election or regional
elections, the consequence is that they will become factors that influence
public information disclosure in the implementation of elections.
Public information needs to
be presented by paying attention to the type of information Periodic, at any
time, information immediately, and information is excluded (Kamaliah,
2015).
These various public information need to be presented through existing
infrastructure including websites managed by the KPU and Bawaslu in Banten
province. This includes various content available on the social media of each
organizer. This is intended to make it easier for the parties to access the
information.
Factors that can influence
public information disclosure in organizing the 2024 elections in Banten
province are the commitments of the organizers themselves, this commitment can
be realized through various implementations of all stages of the election,
namely to pay attention to transparency and accountability. Evidence of the
transparency of the KPU and Bawaslu to the public is the ease with which the
public can access various public information on the website and follow the
KPU's social media accounts.
The strategy that must be
implemented by the general election commission (KPU) and the Banten province
Bawaslu in a series of activities to be carried out in achieving the target,
requires efficiency in carrying out a job so that the target is achieved in
accordance with what has been planned properly (Ridwan
et al., 2017).
Efficiency is a way or ability to get maximum results and goals, but only uses
minimal or few resources. So as not to spend too much money, effort, and time.
The performance productivity
of employees within the KPU and Bawaslu Banten Province is currently dominated
by honorary workers or contract workers. So productivity can be hampered
because it is related to relatively small wages compared to the fairly heavy
election workload. The operating personnel who run it should be specially
prepared so that the data applicant who submits the request feels satisfied
with the maximum service.
Information Commission
Regulation (PERKI) 1 of 2021 concerning public information service standards
(SLIP) is a guide on strategies for providing public information services to
the public relating to the presentation of Periodic, Anytime, and Instant
information. Optimizing the implementation of the information commission
regulations is a strategic step in realizing transparency and accountability
for the implementation of the 2024 elections in Banten province.
a) The role of the KPU and
Bawaslu in maintaining the Quality and Accountability of Election
Implementation
The potential for less than optimal implementation of public information
disclosure in maintaining the quality and accountability of the 2024 election
in Banten province is inseparable from the factors that influence it, namely
whether or not problems are easily controlled which consist of problems;
Technical difficulties faced by KPU and Bawaslu; The diversity of group
behavior in Banten province includes the behavior of election participants; and
the Proportion of Change Desired in the 2024 election in Banten province.
Policy Capability of Structuring the Implementation Process
Characteristics and capabilities of a policy can be implemented properly if
various elements actively participate in the policy process (Maunde
et al., 2021). These elements include clarity and
consistency of goals, the existence of a theory of causality, allocation of
resources, integration of implementing agencies, regulations within
implementing agencies, recruitment of implementing officials, and openness to
outsiders. To see more clearly about how policy capabilities can structure the
process of implementing public information disclosure in Banten province.
Clarity and Consistencythe aim of holding honest and fair elections for all citizens
who already have the right to vote is hoped not to lose their rights just
because they are not listed on the voter list and do not have an electronic
KTP. Because of this, the government is expected to complete the process of
recording as well as distributing electronic KTPs.
The implementing agencies for the 2024 Election are exactly the same as
those for the 2019 Election, so that it will be of higher quality if the
various regulatory approaches are well understood by the organizers. So
hierarchically the election organizers are independent institutions that carry
out law number 7 of 2017.
b) Variables Outside the Policy Influencing the Implementation Process
The policy of public information disclosure in the implementation of
General Elections in Banten province in increasing quality and accountability
will depend on several important aspects (Hardiyansyah,
2018). These aspects are classified in variables;
socio-economic and technological conditions, public support, attitudes and
resources owned, support from superior officials and the commitment and skills
of implementing officials, both KPU and Bawaslu, Banten province. The
socio-economic conditions of the people of Banten in general will affect
attitudes towards the implementation of the 2024 elections and the technology
used by the KPU and Bawaslu in their implementation.
The implementation of public information disclosure in the
implementation of the 2024 elections in Banten province requires support from
the public, including support from the superiors of the election organizers
themselves. In law number 7 of 2017 concerning general elections, article 1 explains
that general elections, hereinafter referred to as elections, are a means of
ratkyat sovereignty to elect members of the People's Representative Council,
members of the Regional Representative Council, President and Vice President,
and to elect members of the Regional People's Representative Council. , which
is carried out directly, publicly, freely, randomly, jdur, and fairly within
the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia based on Pancasila and the 1945
Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia.
The success of holding elections is not only the responsibility of the
election organizers themselves, in this case the General Election Commission
(KPU), the Election Supervisory Body (Bawaslu) and the Election Organizer
Ethics Council (DKPP), but it is the responsibility of all of us, including
election participants, and the public.
The success of holding general elections in Banten province cannot be
separated from the role of the provincial government and district/city
governments. The role of local government participation in the success of the
electoral process is very important. Then what is the role of the government
and local government in the success of the election. In law number 7 of 2017
concerning general elections, article 434 has mandated that for the smooth
implementation of the duties, powers and obligations of election organizers,
the government and regional governments are required to provide
assistance and facilities in accordance with statutory provisions. These
forms of assistance and facilities included the assignment of personnel to the
secretariat of PPK, Sub-District Panwaslu, and PPS, provision of room
facilities for the PPK secretariat, Sub-District Panwaslu, and PPS.
The Provincial Government of Banten in providing political education to
the public/voters is of course no less important, because with political
education at least people who have the right to vote can exercise their rights
or in other words can cast their right to vote at the time of voting later. So
that the participation rate of people who have the right to vote in the
implementation of elections is increasing.
c) Factors Influencing Public
Information Disclosure in the Implementation of ELECTIONS in Banten Province
Disclosure of public information is needed both for
the government and the community because with public information disclosure the
community can take part in monitoring the policies that have been issued and
this can reduce the number of fraud that often occurs in government (Sari et al., 2022). Disclosure
of public information can be carried out through various steps taken to support
the achievement of the goal of openness in a better direction and based on the
principle of community satisfaction as the best partner with an open service
system. The transparency aspect has been running but has not yet reached the
budget. The participation aspect has been running but is still in
need/receiving data, it has not yet reached the point of improving the data as
a whole. Then in terms of efficiency it has been running, it just needs to be
improved.
There are two important factors that can affect the
disclosure of election information in Banten Province, namely:
1) Transparency;
Information managed by the Information Management and Documentation Officer
(PPID) of the General Election Commission and Bawaslu of Banten province
relating to regulatory aspects of General Election Commission regulations,
circulars, technical instructions and so on, and not that there are also the
results of elections, elections or local elections. This is proof of
transparency between the government and the community because all levels of
society can access websites and follow social media accounts from the KPU and
Bawaslu in Banten province. To ensure that the implementation of the provision
of information can actually be carried out, information is needed.
2) Participation;
In general, participation can be categorized as a basic psychological need for
every individual. This means that humans want to be in a group to be involved
in every activity. Participation is a concept that refers to a person's
participation in various development activities. This shows the presence of an
element of involvement in an activity. One of the urgency
of the importance of public information disclosure is to encourage the
participation and active role of the community in the information retrieval
process.
d) Strategies that can be implemented by KPU and Bawaslu in realizing
Election Information Disclosure in maintaining Quality and Accountability
Strategies that can be
implemented by the KPU and Bawaslu to maintain the quality and accountability
of election implementation in Banten province are inseparable from the
existence of public information disclosure. In the history of the
implementation of elections in Indonesia, the term election supervision
actually only emerged in the 1980s. In the implementation of the first
elections held in Indonesia in 1955, the term election supervision was not yet
known. In that era, trust was built among all participants and citizens
regarding the implementation of the General Election which was intended to form
a parliamentary institution which at that time was known as the Constituent
Assembly.
The quality of elections is determined by the quality of the parties. No
matter how well we design elections and encourage people's participation
optimally and with full awareness, if the quality of parties stagnates, then
there will be no significant improvement in the conduct of elections. In
political life, the party is the root of the nation's problems. This nation
also has hope for the improvement of life. Currently, the democratic system in
Indonesia is being enlightened. It seems that it is not yet strong enough to
even stagnate in an ideal international study.
Political finance accountability,
that campaign funds are one of the important things in the election process (Son, 2018). Campaign funds are
needed by political parties and their candidates to be able to compete in
elections (Aminuddin et al., 2022). Every political
party, legislative candidate will not be able to work optimally in a campaign
explained without sufficient campaign funding support. The
impact of transparency and accountability can also increase public trust in government.
On the one hand, it will be a leadership legacy from the government, and on the
other hand, it can also have an impact on various sectors, such as the economy,
for example. The strategy that must be carried out by the KPU and Bawaslu of
Banten province is to open access to various public information related to
periodic information, immediately and information at any time.
Public Information Disclosure Strategy in maintaining the quality and
accountability of the 2024 Election in Banten province by using Mazmanian and
Sebatier's perspective on dimensions; the ease with which the problem is
controlled, non-policy variables that influence the implementation process, and
the dimensions of policy ability to structure the implementation process, were
found to be unable to answer the need for election quality and accountability.
The theoretical approach of Mazmanian Sebatier is based on the results
of this study, it is necessary to add other elements, namely First, the
existence of the commitment of the public body's superiors; second, increasing
collaboration with various stakeholders in Banten province; third, Innovation
in public information services through the development of websites for election
organizers, namely the KPU and Bawaslu in Banten province with the addition of
content in the category Periodic information, at any time, and information that
is excluded as contained in articles 9, 10, 11 and 17 law number 14 of 2008
concerning public information disclosure.
CONCLUSION
Public
information disclosure in the implementation of the 2024 elections in Banten
province will depend on aspects of transparency and quality assurance from the
organizers. Two important factors that can affect the Disclosure of Election
Information in Banten Province can be summarized as follows
Transparency;
Information managed by the Information Management and Documentation Officer
(PPID) of the General Election Commission and Bawaslu of Banten province
relating to regulatory aspects of General Election Commission regulations,
circulars, technical instructions and so on, and not that there are also the
results of elections, elections or local elections. This is proof of
transparency between the government and the community because all levels of
society can access websites and follow social media accounts from the KPU and
Bawaslu in Banten province. To ensure that the implementation of the provision
of information can actually be carried out, information is needed.
Participation;
In general, participation can be categorized as a basic psychological need for
every individual. This means that humans want to be in a group to be involved
in every activity. Participation in the implementation of the 2024 elections in
Banten province is a concept that refers to one's participation in various
development activities. One of the urgency of the
importance of public information disclosure is to encourage participation and
active role of the community in the process of collecting election information
in Banten Province.
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