IMPLEMENTATION OF
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY UTILIZATION POLICY IN TEGAL CITY CENTRAL JAVA PROVINCE
Muhamad Jumadi*, Wirman Syafri, Mansyur Achmad, Andi
Pitono
Institut Pemerintahan Dalam
Negeri (IPDN), West Java, Indonesia
Email: [email protected]*
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Article
Information |
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ABSTRACT |
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Received: December 12, 2022 Revised: December 28, 2022 Approved: January 15, 2023 Online: January 27, 2023 |
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The problem
is that planning for the development of information and communication
technology has not run the pace of development for Tegal City in line with
national development planning so that the role of ICT has not been optimal in
its implementation and the knowledge, skills and innovative creativity of the
Tegal City apparatus, Central Java Province, is still low in the utilization
of information technology. This study uses a qualitative approach with
descriptive methods, namely data collection by interviews, documentation and
observation with data analysis, namely data reduction (data reduction), data
display (display data), and conclusion drawing/verification (drawing
conclusions/verification) with triangulation techniques on the data obtained. The results of this study state that the implementation of information technology
utilization policies in Tegal City, Central Java Province, is good but not
optimal due to problems in the use of SPBE development information technology
in the Tegal City government, namely that it has not yet been implemented,
not all Human Resources (HR) in OPD The City of Tegal understands the use of
information technology, the knowledge, skills and innovative creativity of
the Tegal City apparatus and the beneficiaries of community policies, not all
layers of Tegal City society can utilize information technology and
understand it. The researcher found a new model, namely the name Information
Technology Utilization Model "JADIR", a policy for utilizing
information technology in the City of Tegal, Central Java Province, can be a
solution and optimize the performance of the Tegal City government apparatus
in order to implement good governance and provide quality public services
through the utilization adequate information technology in an efficient and
effective manner. ·
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Keywords |
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Public
Policy; use of information technology;
ICT; "JADIR"
Mode |
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INTRODUCTION
The
world is constantly changing and has now entered the era of information and
communication technology (ICT). As when there was a change from the agrarian
era to the industrial era, the change from the industrial era to the ICT era
also caused social clashes or conflicts (Savitri, 2019).
Developments and changes in information technology not only affect people's
lives, such as the business world, the industrial world, but also the
government (Setiawan, 2018).
This is because governance and information and communication technology are
interrelated, thus, developments in information and communication technology
and government or public administration are highly interrelated (Komalasari, 2020).
The nature of public administration explains this, because the main process is
always information processing and communication. So this technology is very
dominant in influencing the heart of government.
The
state civil apparatus as a public service in facing the challenges of the 4.0
industrial revolution era is required to be able to master technology,
especially information and communication technology. ASN has a vital role
related to the mastery of information and communication technology because
Zimmerma predicts that 75% of jobs will not only involve science, engineering
and mathematics, but will also involve technology and the internet of thing (Pannen, 2018).
The
successful delivery of public services also depends on the rapid development of
ICT. Signs of the rapid development of ICT can be seen from the penetration of
the internet and cellular telephones in Indonesia in the following graphic
info:
Source: APJII (2017)
Based
on the 2017 APJII survey report, it can be seen that the growth of internet
users in Indonesia is always increasing every year. The report also states that
ownership of mobile devices, in this case smartphones in Indonesia, is mostly
accessed via smartphone devices. The 2017 APJII survey report also stated that
50.08% of Indonesia's population own mobile devices (smartphones). BPS data of
the Republic of Indonesia states that the number of mobile cellular device
users has reached 319.43 million people (Statistics, 2018).
Source:
Central BPS (2018)
The
application of the E-Government system in government in the internet era
wherever it is is a necessity (Angguna, 2015).
This is because it is driven by a situation that requires the government to
reduce all financing/spending, increase efficiency, meet the expectations of
citizens, and facilitate economic development. The use of internet technology
in government can also reduce interactions and transactions between people
directly, especially between state apparatus as service providers and the
public as service recipients (Goh, 2021).
There are media that facilitate this interaction, namely the internet/ computer, which is useful to
speed up and expedite the process. Reducing face to face interactions means
reducing the potential for abuse of authority, such as corruption and collusion.
Efforts to use mobile government in the context of
digital transformation in Tegal City, the City Government allocates an
investment budget with the aim of improving the quality of public services to
the community. To create mobile government public service applications, the
Tegal City Government has allocated funds of no less than Rp. 400,000,000.-.
This fund comes from the Tegal City APBD which aims to improve the quality of
public services. The budget originating from the Tegal City APBD which is intended
for making mobile government application services needs to be managed properly
so as to reduce efficiency risks, but the use of the budget due to
digital-based public services has not been optimally utilized by the community.
This is what attracts researchers to be able to find out the supporting factors
and inhibiting the policies that have been issued by the mayor of Tegal.
Because with the management of such a large APBD which is part of state
finances, if it is done well it means carrying out the mandate of law number 17
of 2003 concerning state finances, which states that state finances are managed
in an orderly manner, complying with laws and regulations, efficiently,
economical, and effective.
Even
though the use of the budget caused by digital-based public services has not
been optimally utilized by the community, the mobile government public service
applications launched by the Tegal City Government have received many awards
both at the Central Java Province level and at the national level, which we can
see in the following table:
Table
1. Award
for Tegal City Public Service Application
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Name of
Application and OPD/Agency |
Award (Year) |
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JAKWIR
CETEM: Department of
Population and Civil Registration |
a. 2nd
Place in Tegal City Level Innovation Competition b. TOP
20 Innovations at Central Java Province |
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LASKAR
DEN NICE: Department of
Population and Civil Registration |
MURI
record and TOP DIGITAL AWARD ON SMART CITY in 2020 |
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LAPUR
SIJAJA (Android Based): Department of
Labor and Industry |
TOP
IT AWARDS 2020 |
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YUH
SINAU: Department of
Education and Culture |
Appreciation
of Smart Society Innovation Local Loop Learning Program 2020 |
Source: processed results of
researchers in field observations at the Dukcapil Office, the Labor and
Industry Office and the Education Office
The
large potential for mobile government services, supported by penetration of the
internet network and mobile devices, as well as wide network coverage, are
factors supporting maximum mobile government services. The success of implementing
digital transformation (mobile government) in Tegal City does not only come
from the regional apparatus organization as a service provider, but also from
the community side as service users. Both parties must synergize with each
other to create digital transformation with good mobile government services and
be able to realize good governance according to the mandate of law number 25 of
2009 concerning public services.
Based
on the results of preliminary observations that researchers conducted in Tegal City,
mobile government services have started to move towards Digital Transformation
in Tegal City. However, there are still many people who have not utilized
digital-based (online) public service applications that can actually help Tegal
City residents access public services without the public having to come to a
public service office. The results of the researchers' observations also found
that there were indications that studies regarding community adaptation to
mobile government-based services were still lacking. However, this is
understandable because indeed the mobile government public service is still in
its early stage because cellular device technology and the Fiber Optic network
built in Tegal City have not been present in people's daily lives for a long
time. This makes researchers need to observe further related to the policy.
Indeed, a universal and perfect public service model has yet to be found
because it depends on the digital transformation process that integrates
e-government services into me-government services.
In the context of providing public services,
especially at the regional government level, one of them is encouraged by law
number 23 of 2014 concerning regional government in which local governments are
given the authority to innovate in order to improve the quality of public
services. The Tegal City Government has adapted the above in emphasizing the
word "innovative" in its government's vision for the 2019-2024
vision. In addition to the law on regional government mentioned above, improving
the quality of public services, especially at the regional level, is also
driven by other government regulations, namely by law number 25 of 2009
concerning public services which mandates public service providers (government
organizations) to create an information system both electronically and
non-electronically in order to improve service quality. Based on the
description of the background of the problems, the researcher is interested in
conducting research. Dissertation in completing Education in the IPDN
Postgraduate Program, with the dissertation title "Implementation of
Information Technology Utilization Policy in Tegal City, Central Java Province.
METHODS
A. Research
design
Research
departs from a person's curiosity to explore everything starting the process of
designing, investigating and concluding to find a truth. The
research used in this research is qualitative research to uncover and discuss implementation of
information technology utilization policies in Tegal City, Central Java
Province. This research is an "observed
facts" activity that produces "knowledge based on experience".
Considering that
this research uses a qualitative approach, the research instrument is the researcher
himself (Sugiyono,
2012). Researchers as key instruments conduct interviews, examine
documents on matters relating toimplementation
of information technology utilization policies in Tegal City, Central Java
Province.
B. Sources,
Types and Data Collection Techniques
Data
sources consist of secondary data sources and primary data sources. The primary
data sources are research informants, totaling 13 people consisting of policy
makers implementing policies and policy recipients, namely the people of Tegal
City. From primary data sources needed to uncover and discuss the phenomena
that are used as research objects, namely implementation
of information technology utilization policies in Tegal City, Central Java
Province. In this study, the authors used data collection techniques including
interviews, documentation, and observation.
C. Data Analysis Stages
Data analysis activities are designed with the following analysis
stages:
1.
Stages of secondary data analysis
This secondary data analysis stage includes the presentation of data and
analysis of data obtained from various documents and other sources. Secondary
data analysis is intended to describe the general description of the research
locus.
2. Primary data analysis stage
The primary data analysis phase includes
presentation, analysis, interpretation and conclusion. This primary data
analysis is intended to describe and discuss phenomena based on conceptsimplementation
of policies according to (Muchlis Hamdi,2014):
1) productivity, 2) linearity, 3) efficiency, and the determinant factors that
influence the supports and obstacles, 1) substance of the policy, 2) behavior
of executors, 3) network interaction, 4) target group participation, 5)
resources.
RESULTS
A. Implementation of Information Technology
Utilization Policy in Tegal City, Central Java Province
Policy of Tegal Mayor's Regulation Number 10 of 2018
concerning Utilization of Information Technology in the Tegal City Government
Environment (Tegal City Regional Gazette of 2018 Number 10) was revoked and
declared invalid with the issuance of Tegal Mayor's Regulation Number 2.A of
2022 concerning Electronic-Based Government Systems (SPBE). The target groups
in the SPBE Perwal are as follows: SPBE architecture; SPBE Plan Map; SPBE plan
and budget; business processes; data and information; SPBE Infrastructure; SPBE
application; SPBE security; and SPBE Services. and used successfullyconceptually on
this discussion for primary data from the results of this research interview
and secondary data from Tegal City regulations. Related to this research, the
researchers conducted data triangulation and as an interview guide the
researchers referred to Policy Implementation according to (Hamdi, 2014): 1)
Productivity, 2) Linearity, 3) Efficiency, and the determinant factors that
influence supporters and obstacles, 1 ) Policy Substance, 2) Implementing Task
Behavior, 3) Network Interaction, 4) Target Group Participation, 5) Resources.
From data and facts in the field researchers can find a new model that is ideal
for the implementation of information technology utilization policies in Tegal
City, Central Java Province.
1.
Productivity Dimensions
Tegal
Mayor's Regulation Number 10 of 2018 concerning Utilization of Information
Technology in the Tegal City Government Environment (Tegal City Regional
Gazette of 2018 Number 10) was revoked and declared invalid with the issuance
of Tegal Mayor's Regulation Number 2.A of 2022 concerning Electronic-Based
Government Systems (SPBE). The target groups in the SPBE Perwal are as follows:
SPBE architecture; SPBE plan map; SPBE plan and budget; business process; data
and information; SPBE Infrastructure; SPBE application; SPBE Security; and SPBE
Services.
and
used successfully. SPBE
stands for Electronic Based Government System (SPBE) is a government
administration that utilizes information and communication technology to
provide services to SPBE Users.
Productivity,
Total achievement of the target group Implementation of information technology
utilization policies in Tegal City, Central Java Province, because by achieving
the target group in implementing information technology utilization policies,
the information conveyed will be more effective and efficient because the
target group can utilize the information obtained to meet the needs of each
target group.
The results of the interviews
with the informants mentioned above are productivity, the number of
achievements of the target group for the implementation of information
technology utilization policies in Tegal City, Central Java Province, indeed
the Tegal City Government already has 62 government service applications such
as SIMDA, SIM, LPSE, SIAK, SIMOSS, and Command Room. A special room to monitor
the utilization of these various applications. In addition to various innovative
applications, currently Tegal City already has an Information and Communication
Technology Infrastructure Masterplan and Roadmap to support the Tegal City
Smart City Program. All Tegal City Regional Apparatus Organizations (OPD) have
also been connected online via a fiber-optic network. Even, 20 kilometers of
fiber optic networks have been laid out in four districts and 27 urban
villages, bringing a total of 52 kilometers of fiber optic networks that have
been laid out. The Tegal City Government also provides free public internet
access facilities for citizens at 21 location points with an average speed of
50 Mbps. The WiFi locations are in the Ki Gede Sebayu Hall, the town square,
Taman Poci, several district and sub-district pavilions, DPRD yards, and the
PAI Maritime Monument.
2. Linearity Dimension
The degree of procedural
suitability is an important factor in achieving the SPBE goals and is part of
the bureaucratic reform which in the national road map is planned to be
realized in 2025. Therefore, it is important for the Tegal City Government's
SPBE development plans to be timed with the national bureaucratic reform
roadmap. below the researchers attach the results of the evaluation of the
Electronic-Based Government System at ministries, institutions and local
governments in 2021.
The
degree of compliance with procedures is very important in creating certainty
through accurate procedures (Budhiningtias Winanti,
2011). Inaccurate procedures can make you sick. During
the industrial era, people tended to manage their lives with time. Thus, time
inefficiency as a result of the degree of compatibility with less time can
result in disharmony of various lines of life. Thus, the degree of conformity
with time is very important, the feature of Welfare is the implementation of
policies that are implemented at affordable prices so that indigenous peoples
in particular do not need to incur high costs, so the degree of compatibility
with costs is very important, each place, especially when talking about Indonesia,
even the City of Tegal has relatively heterogeneous local wisdom. Thus, the
degree of conformity with the place is something that is important to note in
the implementation of information technology utilization policies.
The
feature of welfare is the implementation of policies that are implemented at
affordable prices so that indigenous peoples in particular do not need to incur
high costs, so the degree of compatibility with costs is very important (Ashoer et al., 2021). Each place,
especially when speaking of Indonesia, even the city of Tegal has relatively
heterogeneous local wisdom. Thus, the degree of conformity with the place is
something that is important to note in the hope that all Tegal City people can
increasingly enjoy the facilities provided by the Tegal city government in
terms of utilizing information technology. Followed by the results of
interviews with researchers on the dimensions of linearity, degree of
conformity with standard procedures, time, cost, place, implementation of
information technology utilization policies in Tegal City, Central Java
Province.
Linearity,
degree of compliance with procedural standards, time, cost, place,
implementation of information technology utilization policies in Tegal City,
Central Java Province. The degree of ability level of each is not the same
because it needs policies that can support policies on technology utilization,
the degree of suitability with time, the time that needs to be considered
adjusts the time opportunity especially in the Tegal city area where residents
are so busy in accelerating time in the business world, the degree of
suitability with cost. Costs must also be adjusted to the degree of people who
are below standard, must be distinguished from standards above, the degree of
conformity with the place. The place is appropriate considering the needs in
Tegal City.
3.
Efficiency Dimension
The
description of policy efficiency according to Hamdi (2014) is related to the ability to utilize
resources in implementing policies, these resources can be in the form of
executors, assets, funds and technology. The more minimal the use of executors,
assets and funds through the use of technology that is more precise in
implementing policies to achieve policy objectives, it can be said that the
implementation of these policies is more efficient, with respect to efficiency,
the level of resource utilization (implementers, assets, funds and technology).
Implementation of information technology utilization policies in Tegal City,
Central Java Province.
Utilization of information
technology in the administration of government aims to improve the quality of
public services through the use of information technology in the process of
administering government; improve governance that is clean, transparent, and
able to respond effectively to demands for change; as a means of improving the
organization, management system and work processes of government and civil
servants who are qualified in the use of communication will certainly improve
the quality of public service delivery, especially in the era of the industrial
revolution 4.0 (Fathony et al., 2021).
Apart from being proficient in using technological devices, ASN as public
service providers are also required to be able to innovate to create
applications that support digital public services that can be accepted and used
by the public, so as to create highly competitive government in the era of the
industrial revolution 4.0.
Efficiency,
level of utilization of resources (implementers, assets, funds and technology).
Implementation of information technology utilization policies in Tegal City,
Central Java Province, that SPBE resources, namely human resources, finance and
SPBE infrastructure. Where these resources have been utilized as optimally as
possible in achieving SPBE goals, in the implementation of the SPBE policy in
Tegal City guaranteeing the availability and optimization of the use of
information technology assets, SPBE financing is outlined in the DPA of each
OPD whose preparation is carried out synergistically by Bappeda guided by the
SPBE architecture and SPBE roadmaps, leveraging shared technology to increase
efficiency.
Construction of a Fiber Optic network that connects
all Regional Device Organizations (OPD) and provides free WIFI access for the
community at many locations, while the Fiber Optics that has been installed is
approximately 52 km long. Hotspot facilities, public internet is access to
information provided by the Tegal City Government for free at 21 points spread
throughout Tegal City with an average speed of 50 Mbps. These free WIFI
locations are available, among others, at the Ki Gede Sebayu Hall, City Square,
Poci Park, District and Kelurahan Offices, the courtyard of the Regional
People's Legislative Assembly Building and at the Maritime Monument. In Tegal
City there are also 65 Base Transceiver Station (BTS) towers used by various
companies.
Efficiency, the level of
utilization of resources (implementers, assets, funds and technology). Policy
implementation of information technology utilization in Tegal City, Central
Java Province, Relation to resources needs to be reviewed, resources and
assets, Resources and assets need to be balanced considering the future needs
of Tegal City, resources and funds, Funds need wisdom for further development,
resources power and technology do not know.
Mobile
government services have started to walk towards digital transformation in
Tegal City. However, there are still many people who have not utilized
digital-based (online) public service applications that can actually help Tegal
City residents access public services without the public having to come to a
public service office. However, this is understandable because public services
are still in an early stage because the technology developed in Tegal City has
not been present in people's daily lives for a long time.
B.
Diterminant Factors Supporting
InhibitorsImplementation of Information Technology Utilization Policy in Tegal
City, Central Java Province
1. Determinants of Policy
Substance
The substance of the policy
is concerned with the consistency of the derivation of the content or
specification of the policy and the alignment of the contents of the policy
with the contents of other policies (Orocomna, 2017).
In the context of policy implementation on the use of information technology in
Tegal City, Central Java Province, the substance of the policy referred to by
Hamdi refers to being consistent. Implementation of policies on the use of
information technology in Tegal City, Central Java Province, with regard to
policy substance, consistency of policy content/specification derivation and
alignment of policy contents with other policy contents implementation of
policies on the use of information technology in Tegal City, Central Java
Province, the government to reach out to the community to improve services to
the community through access to information, technology, and communication
knowledge that makes government work more efficiently and effectively. Tegal Mayor
Regulation Policy Number 10 of 2018 concerning Utilization of Information
Technology in the Tegal City Government Environment (Tegal City Regional
Gazette of 2018 Number 10) was revoked and declared invalid with the issuance
of Tegal Mayor Regulation Number 2.A of 2022 concerning Electronic-Based
Government Systems (Perwal SPBE). The target groups in the SPBE Perwal are as
follows: SPBE architecture; SPBE plan map; SPBE plan and budget; business
processes; data and information; SPBE Infrastructure; SPBE application; SPBE
security; and SPBE Services.
An
electronic-based government system, hereinafter abbreviated as SPBE, is
governance that utilizes information and communication technology to provide
services to SPBE users and SPBE governance is a framework that ensures the
implementation of regulation, direction and control in implementing SPBE in an
integrated manner. carried out by reforming the bureaucracy as stipulated in
Presidential Regulation Number 81 of 2010 concerning the Grand Design of
Bureaucratic Reform 2010 - 2025 with 8 (eight) areas of change, namely:
arrangement and management of supervision, accountability, institutions,
management, HR apparatus, laws and regulations, public service, and mindset and
work culture. Meanwhile, the Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
revolution provides an opportunity for the government to innovate the
development of the state apparatus through the implementation of an
Electronic-Based Government System (SPBE) or e-government, namely
administration of government that utilizes ICT to provide services to
government agencies, the state civil apparatus, actors business, society and
other parties. SPBE provides an opportunity to encourage and realize open,
participatory, innovative and accountable government administration, increase
collaboration between government agencies in carrying out government affairs
and tasks to achieve common goals, improve the quality and reach of public
services to the wider community, and reduce the level of abuse of authority in
the form of collusion, corruption (Lubis, 2019).
In
particular, the implementation of the SPBE is part of the area of change in
governance where the implementation of transparent, effective, efficient and
measurable work systems, processes and procedures is supported by the
implementation of the SPBE (Katharina, 2021).
In addition, in general SPBE supports all areas of change as a fundamental and
comprehensive effort in the development of state apparatus that utilize ICT so
that the professionalism of the state civil apparatus and good governance can
be realized. The substance of the
policy, the consistency of the derivation of the content/specification of the
policy and the alignment of the content of the policy with the content of other
policies, the implementation of policies on the use of information technology
in Tegal City, Central Java Province,do not know, the alignment of the contents of the
policy with the contents of other policies is already aligned.
Interviews
with researchers on the dimensions of policy substance, consistent derivation
of policy content/specifications and alignment of policy content with other
policy contents implementation of information technology utilization policies
in Tegal City, Central Java Province with informants 13
the
policy of using information technology in Tegal City, Central Java Province, I
don't know, the alignment of the contents of the policy with the contents of
other policies is already aligned.
2. Determinants
of Executing Task Behavior
The behavior of executors,
according to Hamdi, is work motivation, tendency to abuse authority, learning
ability to implement information technology utilization policies in Tegal City,
Central Java Province. In this study the behavior of executors, work
motivation, tendencies to abuse authority, learning ability to implement
policies on the use of information technology in Tegal City, Central Java
Province are as follows: according to the results of interviews with
researchers, the dimensions of behavior of executors, work motivation,
tendencies to abuse authority, learning ability to implement policies the use
of information technology in Tegal City, Central Java Province.
The
work motivation for implementing information technology utilization policies in
Tegal City, Central Java Province is very high because the Tegal City
Government provides rewards in the form of TPP to executors of Functional
Positions equivalent to Structural Positions, there is a tendency for abuse of
authority. Implementation of information technology utilization policies in
Tegal City, Central Java Province, there is a bug in the application which can
be used by persons to abuse it andLearning
capacity Implementation of information technology utilization policies in Tegal
City, Central Java Province must be improved with more education and training
for implementers.
The
implementation of information technology utilization policies in Tegal City is
very useful in facilitating the completion of work so that it can increase
employee motivation, the potential for abuse of authority still exists. There
must be supervision both internal and external to the OPD. The learning ability
of each ASN is very good. For example, the presence of each ASN must use a
smartphone, the daily e-performance filling that is entered by each ASN is
going well
Information and communication
technology asset management is carried out through a series of processes for
planning, procuring, managing, and deleting hardware and software used in SPBE.
Information and communication technology asset management as referred to in
paragraph (2) is carried out based on SPBE information and communication
technology asset management guidelines. All regional apparatuses carry out
information and communication technology asset management and consult with the
SPBE Coordination Team and regional apparatuses which carry out regional asset
management functions.
4. Determinants of Network Interaction
Network
interaction, cooperation between implementers, authority relations between
levels of government implementation of information technology utilization
policies in Tegal City, Central Java Province, sincek
2014 – 2020 The Tegal City Government has made efforts to strengthen
institutions and activities from strengthening the Regional Innovation System
(SIDa) to mentoring through krenova activities which are carried out every
year. This effort is part of the facilitation of the Tegal City Government in
accommodating innovation in society, while the innovations that have been
implemented are shown in the table below:
Tabel 2. Implementation of SIDA in Tegal City in 2016 -2020
|
Description 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 |
||||||
|
1. |
Facility Application
of Regional Innovations |
|||||
|
a. |
The number of
regional apparatus facilitated |
1 |
- |
15 |
12 |
23 |
|
b. |
The number of total device
area |
55 |
28 |
28 |
28 |
28 |
|
c. |
Percentagee regional device that facilitated
regional innovations implementation |
1,81 |
- |
53,6 |
42.86 |
82,14 |
|
2. |
Regional
Innovation Policy Implementation |
|||||
|
a. |
The
number of implemented innovation policies |
11 |
12 |
9 |
14 |
19 |
|
b. |
The number of the proposed
innovation |
27 |
28 |
19 |
35 |
37 |
|
c. |
Percentagee innovation policy that applied in
the area |
40,74 |
42.86 |
47,36 |
42.86 |
51,35 |
Sourcer : Bappeda City of Tegal, Year 2020
Facility
implementation of regional innovations until 2020 increased to 82.14%. The
number of regional apparatus facilitated from only 1 in 2015 and 2016 has
increased to 23 regional apparatus in 2020. The implementation of innovation
policies has also increased in 2020 to 51.35%, of the number of innovations
proposed as many as 37 proposals 19 of which have been implemented . However,
regional innovation must continue to be improved by embracing all institutions
and elements of society to be able to create innovations in society to improve
welfare, this can be seen from the number of innovations proposed in 2018 which
decreased compared to previous years.
Function of internal
control is an integral part of the implementation of bureaucratic reform to
improve the performance of internal control, in particular to build the
institutional capacity of all work unit entities in the framework of carrying
out basic tasks and functions in accordance with the directives of good
governance. The focus of good governance is on efforts to improve the quality
of public services and eradicate corruption in a directed, systematic and
integrated manner.
Bureaucracy reform,
it is impossible to materialize if governance still provides opportunities for
collusion, corruption and nepotism practices. Prevention of corruption provides
a guarantee for the alignment of the results of the implementation of
supervisory duties, which in turn can provide adequate assurance on the
achievement of objectives, as well as can fill the role of providing an early
warning system for potential irregularities/ fraud that occurs, due to
weaknesses in system or as a result of individual violations.
Network interaction, cooperation between
implementers, authority relations between levels of government implementation
of information technology utilization policies in Tegal City, Central Java
Province, the Tegal City Government SPBE Coordination Team has been formed as a
forum for cooperation between regional apparatuses and the Tegal City
Government has carried out the affairs that become regional authorities in
accordance with statutory regulations and carry out coordination and
consultation with the Provincial Government and the Central Government.
Collaboration between regional apparatuses and the Tegal
City Government has carried out matters that fall under the authority of the
regions in accordance with laws and regulations and carried out coordination
and consultation with the Provincial Government and the Central Government. dayRegional
competitiveness is one aspect of the objective of implementing regional
autonomy in accordance with the potential, uniqueness and superiority of the
region. A competitiveness is one of the key factors for the success of economic
development related to regional development goals in achieving a high and
sustainable level of welfare. Aspects of regional competitiveness consist of
regional economic capacity, regional facilities and infrastructure, investment
climate and human resources.
Network
interaction, cooperation between implementers, authority relations between
levels of government have been very good, for synergy between implementers, in
my observation, relations of authority between levels of government have
established good hierarchical relations.Network
interaction, cooperation between executors, authority relations between levels
of government are already good, need improvement, authority relations between
levels of government are good.
5.
Determinants of Target Group
Participation
Target
group participation, ability to contribute according to existing procedures for
implementing information technology utilization policies in Tegal City, Central
Java Province, Peraturan The President of the Republic of Indonesia Number 18 of 2020
concerning the 2020-2024 National Medium Term Development Plan is a guideline
for national planning and regional planning. Central and regional planning
become one unit in the national development planning system.
DeveloperThe 2020-2024 national
medium-term development was carried out during the leadership period of
President Joko Widodo and Vice President KH Ma'ruf Amin with the vision
"The Realization of an Advanced Indonesia that is Sovereign, Independent,
and Has a Personality Based on Mutual Cooperation". This vision is
realized through 9 (nine) Missions known as the Second Nawacita.
Vision is translated into 9
(nine) missions and 7 (seven) development agendas according to the framework in
the figure below. This development agenda is also a national priority (PN) for
national annual development
Before analyzing the alignment
of the Tegal City development goals in the RPJMD with the national development
goals in the RPJMN, first it is necessary to pay attention to several things
related to the RPJMN. The first is that the RPJMN was passed in January 2020,
with a period of 2020–2024. Meanwhile, the RPJMD for Tegal City was originally
ratified in 2019, with a period until 2024. The revision to the RPJMD was
carried out during the Covid-19 pandemic, while the RPJMN was ratified before
the Covid-19 pandemic. The fact that the RPJMN was ratified before the Covid-19
pandemic meant that there was a possibility that the macro indicators predicted
for the Central Java region in the RPJMN would need adjustments.
Major project as
described in the table above has also been stated in Presidential Regulation
Number 79 of 2019 concerning Accelerating Economic Development in the Kendal -
Semarang - Salatiga - Demak - Grobogan Region, Purworejo-Wonosobo - Magelang -
Temanggung Region, and Brebes - Tegal - Pemalang Region.
Agendaa development or in the annual
planning to become a national priority implemented with the support of all
local governments. Central and regional synergy is needed in implementing each
PN. On the other hand, Article 159 of the Minister of Home Affairs Regulation
Number 86 of 2017 states that policy synchronization with other development
plans is carried out in the preparation of the RPJPD, RPJMD, and RKPD. In
connection with the evaluation of the Tegal City RPJMD, a review of the RPJMN
was carried out. Articles 159 and Article 160 of the Minister of Home Affairs
Regulation Number 86 of 2017 state that a review of national development
planning documents is carried out by examining national policies that have an
impact and must be guided by the regions.
RPJMN in the preparation of RPJMD is
carried out by aligning targets, strategies, policy directions and regional
medium-term development programs with targets, development agendas, strategies,
regional development directions, and national strategic programs by taking into
account regional authorities, conditions and characteristics.
Wisdomn The Medium-Term Development of
Central Java Province for 2018 - 2023 is directed at efforts to achieve the
regional development vision, namely: "Towards a Prosperous and
Self-sufficient Central Java, Mboten Corruption, Mboten Ngapusi", which is
carried out through 4 (four) regional development missions as follows:
a) indeedfor the people of Central Java who
are religious, tolerant and united to protect the Unitary State of the Republic
of Indonesia;
b) speed upt dynamic reform of the bureaucracy
as well as broadening targets to Regency/City governments;
c) Memestrengthen people's economic
capacity and create new jobs to reduce poverty and unemployment;
d) Becamen the people of Central Java are
healthier, smarter, more cultured and love the environment.
The
strategic development of Central Java Province for 2018-2023 that the City of
Tegal must pay close attention to are as follows:
a) Countermeasuresn Poverty;
b) Upgraden quality and competitiveness of
human resources;
c) daya economic competitiveness and
increased business opportunities;
d) Sustainabilityn Development with attention to the
carrying capacity of the environment and the preservation of natural resources;
e) Sovereigntyn food and energy;
f) Gap Territory;
g) Governance and regional
conductivity.
Regarding
the spatial development policy in Tegal City, in March 2021 a Regional
Regulation of the City of Tegal Number 1 of 2021 concerning Amendments to the
Regional Regulation of the City of Tegal Number 4 of 2012 concerning the
Regional Spatial Plan (RTRW) for the City of Tegal for 2011-2031 has been
enacted. Therefore, the changes to the Tegal City RPJMD 2019-2024 must pay
attention to regional development policies, spatial structure development
policies (urban systems and infrastructure networks), spatial pattern policies
(protected and cultivated areas), and spatial use control policies. Spatial
policies in the RTRW need to be integrated into the RPJMD, especially for
references to programs/activities that need to get location directions.
6. Resource Determinants
Resources that include adequacy of funds, availability
of implementers, adequacy, availability of information, accuracy of technology
implementation of information technology utilization policies in Tegal City,
whatratur as the main element of
governance, development and public services will be further improved in
quality, both in terms of increasing apparatus resources, supporting facilities
and infrastructure as well as organizational culture. With the enactment of Law
Number 5 of 2014 concerning State Civil Apparatus, it is hoped that the
professionalism of the apparatus will increase in the coming year. The number
of Tegal City Government apparatus as of December 31 2020 was 3369 people,
distributed among 30 regional apparatuses.
Apparatuses structures also pay attention to gender issues, as shown in Figure
2.29. In 2020 the percentage of women in echelon II, III and IV positions is
35.70% of the 490 echelon II, III and IV officials. PPPK (Government Employee
with Work Agreement) is a mandate of Law No. 5 of 2014 which was followed up
with PP No. 49 of 2018 Concerning PPPK Management. The implementation of the
first phase of PPPK selection can only be participated in by Ex-K2 registered
in the BKN database for the formation of teachers, health workers and
agricultural extension workers. For the City of Tegal, the number of ex-K2s who
could take part in the PPPK selection was 50 people, while only 40 people who
fulfilled the passing grade and 1 person resigned. So that there are 39 former
K2 who were appointed as PPPK (TMT as of January 2021).
Bureaucratic formation is an effort to realize good governance and
is an effort to reform and fundamental changes to the system of government
administration, especially regarding institutional (organizational) aspects,
management and human resources. There are 8 (eight) areas of change in
bureaucratic reform, one of the areas of change is the aspect of strengthening
the HR management system which is focused on: Job analysis, workload analysis
and job evaluation; Planning employee needs according to organizational needs;
Conducting employee assessments; Mapping and developing employee competencies
through training; Formulation and application of reward and punishment systems
in measuring employee performance; Implementation of an open promotion system
for senior leadership positions; Preparation of structural and functional
position competency standards; Enforcement of disciplinary rules/ code of ethics/employee code of conduct; and Development of
personnel information system.
Qabel 3. Tegal City Employment Year 2016 - 2020
|
intarget dictator |
Achievement |
|||||
|
2016 |
2017 |
2018 |
2019 |
2020 |
|
|
|
Merit System Index |
NA |
NA |
0.57 |
0.57 |
0.64 |
|
|
Percentage of Needs Fulfillment Apparatuses |
65.75 |
61.94 |
56.27 |
57.06 |
51.93 |
|
|
Percentage of job formations filled |
82.21 |
82.21 |
81.63 |
76.26 |
84.90 |
|
|
Functional employee ratio (%) (apparatuses excluding teachers and health workers) |
NA |
NA |
9.86 |
10.97 |
11.8 |
|
|
Certified functional position ratio competency (%) (apparatuses excluding teachers and health workers) |
NA |
NA |
100 |
100 |
100 |
|
|
Number of retired civil servants (people) |
151 |
177 |
176 |
168 |
213 |
|
Source:BKPPD Tegal City, 2020
The
number of civil servants in Tegal City as of 31 December 2020 was 3,369, while
the average number of civil servants who retire each year is 150-200 people. In
2020, selection activities for CPNS acceptance were carried out with a total of
205 formations filled with 195 formations. Based on the Workload Analysis (ABK),
the Tegal City ASN needs should be 6516 people, so that by the end of 2020
there is still a shortage of ASN of 3147 people. There are 579 structural
position formations in Tegal City, but as of December 31 2020, 490 positions
were filled, so there were 89 vacant positions. From these data it is
illustrated that in 2020 the need for civil servants in new structural
positions was fulfilled by 84.90%.
Merit
system
is the policy and management
of ASN based on qualifications, competence and performance, which are applied
fairly and fairly without discrimination. The goals of the Merit System are:
a) Recruit
apparatuses who are professional and have integrity and place them in
government bureaucratic positions according to their competence;
b) Develop
apparatuses capabilities through guidance and training;
c) Maintain
apparatuses by providing fair and proper compensation;
d) Protect
apparatuses careers from politicization and policies that conflict with the
principles of merit (nepotism and primordialism).
The
merit system assessment was carried out independently (self-assessment) by a
team formed by PPK, which then submitted the results of the assessment to KASN
for verification, which then determined the merit system index and its
recommendations. Assessment is carried out based on aspects and sub-aspects
determined by KASN. There are 8 (eight) aspects of the ASN merit management
system assessment.
Table
4. USpack
and Sub Aspects of Assessment
|
TOTAL ASPECTS |
TOTAL |
|
Needs Planning |
4 |
|
Apparatuses Procurement |
5 |
|
Career Development |
9 |
|
Promotions and
Transfers |
3 |
|
Work management |
5 |
|
Payroll, Rewards and
Discipline |
4 |
|
Protection and Service |
2 |
|
Information Systems |
4 |
Source: BKPPD Tegal City, 2020
In
2020 merit system index 0.64. This achievement was included in the good
category (0.61 – 0.8), that the achievement value of the merit system was
assessed independently by the Tegal City Government through the Assessment
Team.The
results of interviews with researchers on the resource dimension which include
adequacy of funds, availability of implementers, adequacy, availability of
information, accuracy of technology implementation of information technology
utilization policies in Tegal City, Central Java Province with informant 1 are
as follows:
Resources (adequacy of funds, availability of
implementers, adequacy of equipment, availability of information, accuracy of
technology) implementation of information technology utilization policies in
Tegal City, Central Java Province is sufficient, Availability of human
resources in the field of IT is adequate, by continuing to carry out activities
to increase HR competence, IT infrastructure owned by the Government The City
of Tegal is adequate and Information on IT implementation is provided through
the Information and Documentation Management Officer (PPID) and the Tegal City
Government continues to seek the right technology in solving problems.
Table
5. Availability
of Regional Development Planning Documents
City
of Tegal in 2014-2018
|
Description |
2016 |
2017 |
2018 |
2019 |
2020 |
|
Availability of RPJPD documents that have been
stipulated by Regional Government Regulation (Yes/No) |
Yes (1) |
Yes (1) |
Yes (1) |
Yes (1) |
Yes (1) |
|
Availability of RPJMD Documents that have been
stipulated by Regional Government Regulation (Yes/No) |
Yes (1) |
Yes (1) |
Yes (1) |
Yes (1) |
Yes (1) |
|
Availability of RKPD documents that have been
determined by Regional Government Regulation (Yes/No) |
Yes (1) |
Yes (2) |
Yes (2) |
Yes (2) |
Yes (2) |
Source: Bappeda
City of Tegal, 2020
The
implementation of regional autonomy gives greater authority in managing their
own household, including being responsible and creative in finding sources of
funding and actively looking for various opportunities that can be used as a
source of regional income. Regional regulations and policies are formulated to
increase the receipt of Regional Original Revenue (PAD) in accordance with
applicable laws and regulations, namely policies in the management of regional
income in the form of regional taxes, levies, regional wealth management
results and other legal income. Regional financial capacity is still limited,
so regional revenues rely on two main sources, namely Balancing Funds and Other
Legitimate Regional Revenues which are the main sources of funding for
development and personnel expenditures.
The
optimization of regional asset management is carried out based on PP Number 27
of 2014 concerning Management of Regional Property and guided by Permendagri
Number 19 of 2016 concerning Guidelines for Regional Property Management in
order to increase the utilization and utilization of regional assets to support
increased PAD and management efficiency. For this reason, optimizing the use
and utilization of regional assets, updating procurement and mutation data,
safeguarding assets, deleting and transferring Regional Property (BMD),
inventorying BMD, resolving asset cases/disputes, fostering control and
supervision of BMD and compiling a List of Needs for Regional Property (DKBMD)
and the List of Needs for Changes in Regional Property (DKPBMD). With the
increasing performance of regional financial administration, in 2018 the Tegal
City Government won the WTP (Unqualified) title for the BPK Opinion on regional
financial reports. This condition deserves appreciation and must be maintained
in the coming years. The service performance of the Tegal City Regional
Financial Board based on the Main Performance Indicators for 2016-2020 is
presented in the following table:
Table
6. Achievement
of Financial Support Function Performance 2016-2020
year
|
Performance Indicators based on Device Duties and Functions Region
(IKU) |
Achievement Realization 2nd
Year |
||||
|
2016 |
2017 |
2018 |
2019 |
2020 |
|
|
Ratio of PAD to APBD |
27,24 |
29.94 |
27,86 |
23.25 |
26,18 |
|
Regional Tax Ratio to PAD |
18.66 |
22.50 |
30,49 |
39.65 |
31,12 |
|
Timeliness level completion of the preparation of the APBD |
28 December 2015 |
23 December 2016 |
28 December 2017 |
December 28th 2018 |
30 December 2019 |
|
Realization percentage to approved revenue budget |
97,18 |
96.02 |
94.52 |
90.56 |
96,47 |
|
Percentage of realization of the budget that has been set |
87.94 |
85.31 |
80,42 |
84,73 |
88.47 |
|
The level of accuracy of completion financial documents |
100.00 |
100.00 |
100.00 |
100.00 |
100.00 |
|
Timeliness level delivery of Financial Reports Area |
Month March 2017 |
Month March 2018 |
March 2019 |
March 2020 |
Month March 2021 |
|
Timeliness level completion of the preparation of the APBD
Implementation Accountability Report |
6 September 2017 |
27 August 2018 |
August 27th 2019 |
August 28th 2020 |
Estimation August 2020 |
|
BPK Opinion on Examination Regional Financial Report |
WDP |
WDP |
WTP |
WTP |
WTP |
|
Percentage of validity of registration of regional property |
74,87 |
79,41 |
There are no findings regarding the validity of BMD |
There are no findings regarding the validity of BMD |
There are no findings regarding the validity of BMD |
Source: Bakeuda
City of Tegal, 2021
Based
on the table above, the achievement of the main performance indicators related
to the level of timeliness for completing the preparation/stipulation of the
APBD and the level of timeliness for completing the preparation of the APBD
Implementation Accountability Report from 2016 to 2020 were achieved according
to the target with timely achievements. Regional Original Revenue (PAD) is
income that is sourced and collected by the Regional Government. Sources of PAD
consist of: regional taxes, regional levies, separated regional wealth
management results, and other legitimate regional original income. Realization
of PAD components from 2016-2020 can be presented in the following table:
Table
7. The
Development of Regional Original Income for the City of Tegal in 2016-2020 year
|
Year |
PAD |
Legitimate
Retribution |
Miscellaneous
Management |
Regional PAD |
|
|
Separated Regional
Wealth |
Local tax |
||||
|
2016 |
287,342,172,954 |
53,623,297,053 |
21,137,859,934 |
3,992,598,857 |
208,588,477,181 |
|
2017 |
306,782,764,989 |
69,042,327,743 |
19,857,864,056 |
14,707,658,210 |
203,222,678,125 |
|
2018 |
275,021,448,594 |
83,852,211,209 |
17,402,002,800 |
3,530,831,162 |
170,236,403,333 |
|
2019 |
227,841,235,213 |
90,357,718,489 |
19,087,354,255 |
8,575,641,316 |
168,550,868,042 |
|
2020 |
266,580,982,105 |
82,962,555,569 |
17,715,246,719 |
10,943,046,781 |
154,960,133,036 |
Source: Bakeuda
City of Tegal, 2021
Based
on the table above, it can be seen that the PAD component that made the largest
contribution to PAD during 2016-2020 was the legitimate Other PAD account, and
the smallest was the separated regional wealth management account.
Funds for the implementation of information
technology utilization policies in Tegal City are sufficient, because the
utilization of information technology is mandated in the 2019-2024 Tegal City
RPJMD, the availability of implementers for the implementation of information
technology utilization policies is sufficient, the equipment for utilizing
information technology is sufficient, the availability of information is good,
with the existence of policies The PPID of each OPD is required to publish the
information available in each OPD. The implementation of information technology
utilization policies in Tegal City until 2022 is correct.
Human
resource competence is one aspect that plays an important role in achieving
good performance from an organization. The Tegal City BKPPD as a technical work
unit that handles the development of civil servant competencies within the
Tegal City Government environment, is gradually implementing competency development
for civil servants within the Tegal City Government environment.
Known the 2020 budget, the Tegal
City BKPPD obtained a competency development budget that was relatively
sufficient to be used in competency development activities through education
and training but with the Covid-19 pandemic implementing competency development
through face-to-face/classical, blended and online methods.
Internal
function control is an integral part
of the implementation of bureaucratic reform to improve the performance of
internal control, in particular to build the institutional capacity of all work
unit entities in the framework of carrying out basic tasks and functions in
accordance with the directives of good governance. The focus of good governance
is on efforts to improve the quality of public services and eradicate
corruption in a directed, systematic and integrated manner. Research and
development is a process that is used to develop and validate a particular
product that is used in an institution or company and so on. The results of
research and development later should be beneficial for the development of
science and for the prosperity of society.
Benefitn
R&D results in general from 2016 to 2020 decreased, in 2016 it reached 90%
but in 2017 it only reached 71.43% and 2018 reached 61.90%, and in 2020 it
experienced a decrease in terms of follow-up studies, not yet optimal the
utilization of the results of the study is due to the absence of standards in
compiling studies that are a priority scale, not based on a priority scale in
development planning that has been prepared as a need to be implemented. In the
future, it is expected that studies will be prioritized with reference to
planning documents, so that between studies and needs can be fulfilled
according to the planning documents that have been prepared. The results of
interviews with researchers on the dimensions of resources which include
adequacy of funds, availability of implementers, adequacy, and availability
of information.
Adequate availability of IT human resources, by
continuing to carry out HR competency improvement activities, the IT
infrastructure owned by the Tegal City Government is sufficient, IT
implementation information is provided through the Information and
Documentation Management Officer (PPID),
the Tegal City Government continues to seek the right technology in every
settlement problem.
CONCLUSION
The determinant factors supporting
and inhibiting the implementation of information technology utilization
policies in Tegal City, Central Java Province. Determinants of policy substance
consistent
derivation of content/specification of policies and alignment of policy
contents with other policy contents of implementation of information technology
utilization policies in Tegal City, Central Java Province, in 2018,
Presidential Regulation (Perpres) Number 95 concerning Electronic-Based
Government Systems (SPBE) was issued. This Presidential Regulation becomes a
strong legal umbrella for electronic-based governance. The essence of this
Presidential Decree is the maturity of the use of Information and Communication
Technology (ICT) in government to the level of integration, where integration
starts from between Regional Apparatus Organizations (OPD) to between regional
governments and to the central government. The role of information technology
is currently included as a driving force in the process of regional
development, so that it is necessary to plan for the development of information
and communication technology in harmony with development planning, so that the
role of ICT will be very optimal in participating in running the rate of
regional development. SPBE development policy initiatives have been carried out
by the government with the issuance of Presidential Instruction Number 3 of
2003 concerning National Policy and Strategy for E-Government Development.
The policy instructs ministers,
heads of institutions and heads of regions to develop SPBE in accordance with
their duties, functions and authorities and in accordance with the capacity of
the resources they have. Various SPBE applications have been produced by
Central Agencies and Regional Governments and have contributed to the
efficiency and effectiveness of government administration.
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