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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SERVICE AND
RESEARCH
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ANALYSIS OF LEACHATE WATER DISTRIBUTION IN BAKUNG FINAL
WASTE DISPOSAL LOCATION (TPA) USING RESISTANCE GEOELECTRIC METHODS IN KETEGUHAN
PERMAI HOUSING BANDAR LAMPUNG
Alicya Inmas Mauladika
Universitas Lampung, Bandar
Lampung, Indonesia
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Poor
waste management is one of the most frequent environmental problems in
Indonesia. We know that the waste generated as a result of daily human
activities will be transported, then disposed of at the Final Disposal Site
(TPA). The lack of attention to WWTP maintenance at the Daffodil TPA can be
seen from the thickness of the sediment at the WWTP dam. The thickness of the
sediment in the WWTP causes leachate from the TPA not to fully enter the WWTP
but flows directly into the river and seeps into the ground. Thus, this
research was conducted as an aim to explain the spread of leachate pollution in
shallow groundwater in the Keteguhan Permai housing complex. The method is quantitative. The
results of this study indicate that groundwater is shallow in the study area,
namely, Keteguhan Permai
housing has been polluted by leachate. The average leachate intrusion depth in
this study area is less than 13 meters with a resistivity value of less than 10Ωm
Keywords: leachate; waste management; disposal
Received 28
November 2022, Revised 13 December 2022, Accepted 23 December 2022
INTRODUCTION
Poor waste management is one of the most
frequent environmental problems in Indonesia. We know that the waste generated
as a result of daily human activities will be transported, then disposed of at
the Final Disposal Site (TPA) (Sasaki & Araki, 2013). Furthermore, the
waste will be managed according to the system used in the TPA. In Indonesia,
the most widely used disposal system is the open dumping system, even though
this system has long been abandoned by other countries because of the high risk
of environmental pollution (Angrianto et al., 2021). In fact, the law
itself has regulated this open dumping system, as stipulated in Law no. 18 of
2008 concerning Waste Management. One of the TPAs that still uses an open
disposal system is the Bakung TPA located in Bandar
Lampung City. The open dumping system of waste management causes many negative
effects, especially for the environment and the people around the TPA. TPA
which is operated by open dumping will produce by-products in the form of
methane gas and leachate.
The Bakung TPA is
located on Jalan Tulung Buyut, Bakung Village, Teluk Betung Barat District,
Bandar Lampung City. This landfill started operating in 1994 and has an area of
14.2 hectares (Rasimeng et al., 2021). This landfill
accommodates around 800 tons of waste per day which is transported by 100
garbage trucks belonging to the Environmental Service. The increasing amount of
garbage caused around 90% of the landfill area to be covered with piles of
garbage. One of the problems that occur at the Bakung
TPA comes from the waste by-product, namely leachate.
Leachate is a liquid that seeps through a pile
of waste by carrying dissolved material resulting from the decomposition of the
waste material (Harjito et al., 2018). Leachate from
waste at the Bakung landfill is channeled to the
Wastewater Management Installation (WWTP) which is near the Keteguhan
Permai Housing Complex. Where the WWTP is also
located adjacent to a river in a residential area. Leachate that enters the
drainage or river will contaminate the water. Various organisms including fish
can die so that some species will disappear, this will change the biological
aquatic ecosystem (Amalia, 2016).
The lack of attention to WWTP maintenance at
the Daffodil TPA can be seen from the thickness of the sediment at the WWTP dam
(Andjani et al., 2017). The thickness of
the sediment in the WWTP causes leachate from the TPA not to fully enter the
WWTP but flows directly into the river and seeps into the ground. Leachate
infiltration into the soil has the potential to impact the quality of shallow
groundwater. Where the shallow ground water is used by local residents for
household needs through wells. The depth of the residents' well water in the Keteguhan residential area is around 10-20 meters. The
contamination of the shallow groundwater by leachate will affect the quality of
the residents' well water sources.
Every
day humans produce waste as a result of their daily activities (Kahfi, 2017). Garbage has many
impacts, both on humans and the environment (Yusmiati et al., 2017). In Indonesia, the
method of waste disposal that is commonly used is the open dumping method,
which is a waste disposal system by simply dumping waste in open fields where
final disposal is carried out without any follow-up (Prajnawita, 2020).
Prior to conducting this research, the authors had
conducted a literature study on several types of the same research. The
research reviewed is research that has been conducted for the last five years.
The following table shows the results of previous studies:
Table 1
Table of Previous Research
Results
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No.
|
Research Title
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Research methods
|
Research result
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1.
|
Leachate
Distribution Study Based on Correlation of 2D Resistivity Data, Test Data
Laboratory
and Drilling Data of TPA Ngipik, Gresik Regency (Arsyadi et al., 2017)
|
Wenner-Schlumberger
Configuration Geoelectrical Method
|
The
leachate intrusion area is shown at a resistivity of 0.1 – 1.5 Ωm.
|
|
2.
|
Study
of Leachate Seepage Accumulation Using Geoelectrical Resistivity Wenner Mapping Configuration Method (Hakim et al., 2017)
|
Geoelectric
Method of Wenner Mapping Configuration
|
The
leachate intrusion area is shown at a resistivity of 0.74 -5.32 Ωm
|
|
3.
|
Application
of the Wenner Mapping Geoelectrical Configuration
Method to Determine Leachate Seepage at TPA Talang Gulo Jambi (Pratiwi, 2018)
|
Geoelectric
Method of Wenner Mapping Configuration
|
The
leachate intrusion area is shown at a resistivity of 0.0288 – 1.50 Ωm.
|
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4
|
Based
on Gampong Jawa TPA
Leachate Delineation Analysis 2D Resistivity Modeling with Geoelectric Method
(Fitria et al., 2018)
|
Wenner-Schlumberger
Configuration Geoelectrical Method
|
The
leachate intrusion area is shown at a resistivity of 0.0 – 0.4 Ωm.
|
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5
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Determination
of Leachate Distribution Using the Method
Geoelectrical
Wenner Configuration and Geochemical Tests at Muara Fajar TPA (Simanjuntak, 2021)
|
Wenner
Configuration Geoelectrical Method
|
The
leachate intrusion area is shown at a resistivity of 0.729 - 4.38 Ωm.
|
Based on the above, it is necessary to conduct
research on the spread of leachate pollution in shallow groundwater in the Keteguhan Permai housing complex.
Research on leachate pollution can be carried out using the resistivity
geoelectric method. The principle of this method is to measure the variation of
vertical and horizontal electric currents as an indication of the position,
boundaries and apparent resistance of various subsurface conditions. Where in
research that was conducted by Hakim, et al (2017), the resistivity of
leachate is at a low resistivity value (<10 Ωm).
METHOD
The study used quantitative research method (Creswell, 2017). The data used in
this study are grouped into primary data and secondary data. Components, types,
data sources, and data collection methods are presented in Table 2.
Table 2
Components, Types, Data
Sources, and Data Retrieval Methods
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No
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Component
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Data
Type
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Data
source
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How
to Take
|
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1
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Geoelectric
Measurement Data
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Primary
|
Naniura
Geoelectric Tool
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Field Data
Collection
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2
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Geological Map of
Study Area
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Secondary
|
Mango, 1993
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Literature review
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Research Stages
This research was carried
out in several stages including:
1) The
first stage was to conduct a field survey of the research location, namely the Bakung Final Disposal Site (TPA) and the Keteguhan Permai Housing Complex.
2) The
second stage is to design a geoelectric measurement line using the Wenner Method at the Keteguhan Permai Housing location. The measurement area is 2.6
hectares with 4 measuring lines. Each line has a length of 155 meters with an
estimated depth of measurement of 24 meters.
3)
The third stage is to collect
geoelectrical data using the Wenner configuration at
the Keteguhan Permai
Housing location and perform data processing using Res2dinv software and
analyze data based on literature and research that has been done before. In
geoelectric measurements the data obtained is electric current data and rock
potential data. Furthermore, the two data will be processed to obtain the true
resistivity value of the rock.
4)
The fifth stage is to analyze
the pattern of distribution of leachate in the Keteguhan
Housing based on the results of geoelectrical data processing.
Analysis
Method
1)
2D Geoelectric Data Analysis
with Wenner Configuration
From geoelectrical measurements in the
field of the 4 measurement lines that have been made, the value of electric
current and potential difference is obtained. Based on these two values, the
value can be searched resistivity of
the constituent rocks with the formula:
………………………………………………………………………………..(iii)
where,
ρ =
Resistivity
K
= Geometry factor of the electrode
configuration used
= Potential Difference
I =
Current
With a value of K is
= 2 ……………………………………..………(iv).
where a = AM = MN = NB is the spacing between
the electrodes.
From the resistivity value obtained from the
calculation above, it can be seen that the leachate distribution pattern
vertically and horizontally using Res2dinv software. The following is an
example of a 2D cross-section of the distribution of leachate that will be
displayed:
Figure
1. 2D Cross-section of Geoelectrical Data
The distribution of
leachate in this measurement area is indicated by the dark blue areas, where
the resistivity values range from <10 Ωm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Geoelectrical data
collection is carried out on four measurement lines, the length of each line is
155 meters with an estimated depth of measurement of 24 meters. The electrode
spacing used in this measurement is 5 meters with leachate indicated by layers
that have a low resistivity value of <10 Ωm.
Figure
2. Cross Section 2D Line Measurement 1
Line Measurement 1 is located at coordinates
105.2425340 LE and -5.4614390 LS. Leachate seepage is indicated by a dark blue
layer with a resistivity value of 4.17 Ωm – 7.7 Ωm at a depth of 1.25 m – 8.89 m. The error value obtained
in processing this data is 9.3% with 10 iterations. The green to red layers
with a value of 26.6 Ωm -170 Ωm
are assumed to be tuff layers, while the dark red to purple layers with a
resistivity of 316 Ωm are assumed to be breccia
layers. In the cross-section of measurement line 1 it can be seen that the
dominating layer is a layer that is green to brown in color, so it is assumed
that this measurement line 1 is dominated by tuff rock.
Figure
3. Cross Section 2D Line Measurement 2
Line measurement 2 is located at coordinates
105.2424410 LE and -5.4607650 LS. On this measurement line leachate seepage is
indicated by a dark blue layer, with a resistivity value of 7.97 Ωm. Where the layer is at a depth of 1.25 m - 8.8 m. The
error value obtained in processing this data is 8.6% with 5 iterations. For
resistivity values of 24.5 Ωm – 132 Ωm which are indicated by blue to brown layers, it is
assumed to be tuff rock layers. Then for the orange to purple layers that have
a resistivity value of 230 Ωm – 404 Ωm it is assumed to be a layer of breccia rock.
Figure
4. Cross Section 2D Line Measurement 3
Line measurement
3 is located at coordinates 105.2419070 LE and -5.4614780 LS. In this
measurement area, leachate seepage is shown by dark blue to light blue areas,
with a resistivity value of 1.82 Ωm – 6.99 Ωm at a depth of 1.25 m – 6.38 m. Based on the 2D section
above, it can be seen that the layers in this measurement area are dominated by
layers with a resistivity value between 26.8 Ωm – 202
Ωm, where the resistivity value is assumed to be a
layer of tuff rock. The error value obtained in this data processing is 8.9%
with 10 iterations.
Figure
5. Cross Section 2D Measurement Line 4
Line measurement
4 is located at coordinates 105.242600 LE and -5.4622940 LS. In this
measurement area, leachate seepage is indicated by areas that are dark blue to
light blue, with a resistivity value of 2.62 Ωm –
9.32 Ωm at a depth of 1.25 m – 12.4 m. Based on the
2D section above, it can be seen that the layers in this measurement area are
dominated by layers with a resistivity value between 33.1 Ωm
– 221 Ωm, where the resistivity value is assumed to
be tuff rock layers. The error value obtained in this data processing is 9.8%
with 10 iterations.
Table
3
Processing
Results on the Geoelectrical Measurement Line
|
Measurement Tracks
|
Coordinate
|
Anomaly
|
Color
|
Resistivity Value
|
|
1
|
105.2425340 LE and -5.4614390 LS
|
Leachate
|
Dark blue
|
4.17 Ωm – 7.7 Ωm
|
|
Tuff Rock
|
Green - Red
|
26.6 Ωm -170 Ωm
|
|
Breccia rock
|
Dark Red - Purple
|
316 Ωm
|
|
2
|
105.2424410 LE and -5.4607650 LS
|
Leachate
|
Dark blue
|
7.97 Ωm
|
|
Tuff Rock
|
Blue - Brown
|
24.5 Ωm – 132 Ωm
|
|
Breccia rock
|
Orange - Purple
|
230 Ωm – 404 Ωm
|
|
3
|
105.2419070 LE and -5.4614780 LS
|
Leachate
|
Dark Blue - Light Blue
|
1.82 Ωm – 6.99 Ωm
|
|
Tuff Rock
|
Green - Purple
|
26.8 Ωm – 202 Ωm
|
|
4
|
105.242600 LE and -5.4622940 LS
|
Leachate
|
Dark Blue - Light Blue
|
2.62 Ωm – 9.32 Ωm
|
|
Tuff Rock
|
Dark Green - Purple
|
33.1 Ωm – 221 Ωm
|
CONCLUSION
The results of this study indicate that
the shallow groundwater in the research area, namely, Keteguhan
Permai Housing has been polluted by leachate. The
average leachate intrusion depth in this study area is less than 13 meters with
a resistivity value of less than 10Ωm. Based on the
geological map of the study area, the constituent rocks in this area are tuff
and breccia. Where tuff rock has 20-100 Ωm while the
resistivity value of breccia rock is > 250 Ωm.
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