INTRODUCTION
The implementation of PPKM as a government effort to
minimize the spread of covid 19 which is a virus
outbreak that is dangerous for human respiration. Taufik and Ayuningtyas (2020)
state it has an impact on slowing economic growth activities and drastic
declines in industry and tourism performance (Yamali & Putri, 2020)
both from the essential sector and the non-essential sector and essential one
of them is the implementation in the Maliaboro area
which is one of the areas in Yogyakarta.
The implementation of restrictions on community activities
by the Yokyakarta government in the Maliaboro area is an effort to minimize the spread of the
Covid-19 Virus, by setting and limiting all economic activities, implementing
operational hours and supervision (Rahma, 2022). In the
implementation of PPKM, it turns out to have such a big impact on social and
economic aspects for Maliaboro street vendors, one of
which is the decline in daily income, declining sales, declining production and
distribution activities (Diapepin, 2021).
According to Lazarus in Santrock (2002)
when the quality of life decreases, it certainly causes a sense of anxiety,
confusion, distortion of perception that threatens and challenges. Thus, the
manifest function is one of the problem solving
actions against social phenomena that can be seen, desired and planned, which
is part of the theory of Structural Functionalism.
In Adibah (2017),
according to Robert K. Merton, which emphasizes order and ignores conflict and
changes in society. The main concepts are function, latent dysfunction of
manifest function and balance (Merton, 2017).
According to this theory, society is a social system consisting of parts or
elements that are interrelated and unified in balance. At the extreme,
adherents of this theory assume that all events and all structures are
functional for a society.
Haryanto (2011)
found that change can occur slowly in society. If there is a conflict,
adherents of Structural functionalism theory focus their attention on the
problem of how to resolve it so that society remains in balance. The manifest
function becomes a real, visible and desired function, when there is a desire
and hope for an individual or group for a better future life is a manifest
function.
One of the manifest functions is to always think
positively, positive thinking can give enthusiasm, confidence in his ability to
survive in the PPKM period to deal with a problem effectively. Positive
thinking is a theory from , O’Brien and Albrecht (1992)
as attention focused on positive subjects and using positive language to form
and express thoughts. Furthermore, O’Brien and Albrecht (1992)
asserts that individuals who think positively will direct their minds to
positive things, talk about success rather than failure, love rather than hatred,
happiness rather than sadness, confidence rather than fear, satisfaction rather
than disappointment so that he will be positive in dealing with problems.
Positive thinking can lead to happiness, optimism,
calmness, and enthusiasm for life in a person, to always train and maintain
this positive way of thinking in life through positive thinking, realistic
adaptation, self-affirmation (Gorsy & Panwar, 2016). The effect of the
manifest function of positive thinking provides an effort or strategy from
rational action, where the action has a subjective meaning or meaning in
determining what to do, what to think about the type of work, which is
considered to provide better expectations with the selection of actions to
achieve maximum results (Naseem & Khalid, 2010).
Rational action is an action that is considered consciously
and becomes a choice that the action is real from social action that pays
attention to the behavior of individuals or groups to achieve the desired goal,
which is oriented to activities carried out by someone related to limited
resources, taking into account the ability, the desire to be achieved in
meeting the needs of life (Weber, 2013). The rational
action of street vendors through the manifest function of positive thinking
involves awareness and belief in realizing hope and success in work such as
working as worship and working to survive.
According to Bandura (1986)
by utilizing the capabilities possessed to be able to overcome risks, impacts,
and be able to bounce back, face challenges and be able to accept income
uncertainty in order to be able to achieve social economic resilience during
the pandemic.
Through this research, it is expected to find and explore
what are the manifest functions of positive thinking towards rational action in
achieving social economic resilience carried out by street vendors in order to
be able to survive during the PPKM policy which lasted quite a long time.
METHOD
The method used in this
study is qualitative using a naturalistic inquiry approach (Creswell & Poth, 2016), namely data
generated by looking at research procedures, in the form of notes from someone
or expressions from individuals and behavior from observations and leads to
overall conditions (holistic) which are directly obtained through activities
that occur naturally in the field.
In this study, the
researcher collected data without intervening on the research subject.
Researchers also do not manipulate or influence either the resource persons or
the activities that occur in the field.
The reason this study uses
a qualitative naturalistic inquiry method is because this research examines the
manifest actions of street vendors in the Maliaboro
area of positive thinking in economic resilience, by understanding and
interpreting human experience in the form of work ethic, transactions, efforts
or actions, income, expenses, suffering, pain. , expectations and what has been
formed and experienced by street vendors as an effort to survive in everyday
life who work as Maliaboro traders.
The location of this
research was carried out in Maliaboro which is a
legendary shopping area in the city of Yogyakarta which provides a variety of
traditional shopping activities to modern shopping activities in the form of
souvenirs, clothes, food, and drinks that can be used as souvenirs or souvenirs
by tourists so that the Malioboro area is abundant.
found street vendors who have a Paguyuban association
as an organization or association led by a chairman, with each having the same
principles and characteristics.
The technique of
determining the informants in this study used the purposive sampling method, by
selecting the informants according to the criteria that would support and
answer the main problems of the problem formulation in this study.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
A. Enforcement
of Restrictions on Community Activities in Maliaboro.
With
the increasingly high rate of transmission of the COVID-19 virus, the
government has again set a policy of tightening community activities, if it
reaches 31,189 cases/day, previously there were 29,745 new daily cases recorded
(Kompas, 7 July 20210).
Including
the implementation of PPKM throughout the provinces of Java and Bali,
Yogyakarta is no exception for street vendors in the Maliaboro
area as a tourist area and a place of business for street vendors. Malibaoro which is a road area of three cities of
Yogyakarta which stretches from Tugu Yogyakarta to
the intersection of the Yogyakarta Post Office which is located in the district
of Danurejan. Malioboro is
a legendary shopping area which is one of the prides of the city of Yogyakarta.
Malioboro offers a variety of traditional shopping
activities to modern shopping activities
Street
vendors in the Maliaboro area have each group or
association which becomes a forum for association for each member who has a
form of ties and kinship relations with the same goal, namely Tri Dharma, Pemalni, Handayani.
Table 1
PKL Panguyuban
Operational Hours
|
Community
Association
|
Before
PPKM opening and closing hours
|
Afte
PPKM opening and closing hours r
|
|
Handayani
(Meatballs)
|
08.00
to 22.00 Wib
|
16.00
to 20.00 Wib
|
|
Pemalni
(In Front Of The character with his back to the road
|
08.00
to 22.00 Wib
|
16.00
to 20.00 Wib
|
|
Tridarma
(In Front Of The Shop And Facing The Figures
|
08.00
to 23.00 Wib
|
16.00
to 20.00 Wib
|
Source: Field Survey (2022)
During
the stipulation of PPKM, all economic activities were limited, operational
hours and supervision of various economic activities, decreased income,
layoffs, difficulties in obtaining raw materials and repaying loans, up to
layoffs, with a decreased quality of life due to the implementation of the PPKM
policy, of course, people experience anxiety, confusion, perceptual distortions
that are prolonged and occur continuously, so that can cause stress that
interferes with daily activities.
B.
Thinking
Positively Against the Rational Actions of Street Vendors
A
good and fulfilled quality of life is the hope for all street vendors, but
during PPKM the quality of life has decreased in capacity, starting from the
capacity to decrease in production, sales, to the capacity to decrease in
income.
Street vendors will
experience anxiety, confusion, and perpetual distortion of perception. The
manifest function of positive thinking is expected to be able to deal with
stressors or problems effectively in reducing stress levels and problems at
work, so that it can strengthen or build personality and character in achieving
success.
According to Lazarus in Santrock (2002)
one of the causes of stress is a cognitive factor that describes an
individual's interpretation of events in life as dangerous, threatening, or
challenging, with his belief and ability to deal with a problem effectively, it
will certainly create an effort or challenge. Actions that are desired,
realized or real from the existence of a social phenomenon in order to survive.
Based on the research results, Maliaboro street
vendors have performed the manifest function of positive thinking towards
rational action, when traders apply practical thinking skills, they bring up
actions or efforts to be able to easily solve problems and provide solutions.
Such as making efforts
to promote their products through online media such as pedia
stores, shopee. Next is the realistic adaptation
carried out by Maliaboro street vendors in
self-adjustment which includes mental and behavior in a social situation such
as obeying and implementing the COVID-19 health protocol, namely wearing masks,
maintaining distance and washing hands.
Next is self-affirmation
as taking advantage of the strengths and weaknesses you have to build yourself,
motivate yourself for better progress and enthusiasm at work.
In this case, the
self-affirmations carried out by the street vendors motivate themselves and are
enthusiastic in innovating better products and services such as using an online
system in sales, involving the whole family to sell, adding new products as
needed during the pandemic, providing security in packaging so that it arrives.
safe in the hands of the buyer.
The manifest function
of positive thinking carried out by street vendors is 8 ways of thinking
looking at everything in a positive perspective to get optimal results in life
when facing or solving an obstacle or problem, by functioning better at work,
so that it can provide enthusiasm and strength to work together can survive.
How much effort is
expended and how long the individual endures in the face of obstacles and
painful experiences in an effort to achieve goals become part of rational
action. As Weber's view in classifying rational and non-rational actions.
Rational action is action that is related to conscious consideration and choice
that the action is stated while non-rational action is action that does not go
through prior considerations.
With social action
insofar as the action pays attention to the behavior of other individuals and
is therefore directed at a particular goal. It is oriented that the activities
or businesses carried out by a person are related to limited resources by considering
the abilities, efforts and desires they will achieve, to meet the necessities
of life for goods and services.
C.
Rational Actions Against the Economic Resilience of Street
Vendors.
The COVID-19 pandemic that has occurred in Indonesia,
including Yogyakarta, is one of the countries that is in a worrisome condition.
As a result, all aspects of life are constrained both in terms of economy,
tourism, and others have experienced a drastic decline.
With conditions like this, the government has aggressively
formed PPKM policies as an effort to combat the covid-19 pandemic, not to
mention street vendors in the Maliaboro area also
making efforts or actions to survive the COVID-19 period on PPKM, such as
rationality economic actions chosen by traders in the area. carried out and
considered carefully, and has the value of a useful purpose, in carrying out a
street vendor business continuity strategy in economic resilience as the
community's ability to be able to overcome risks, limit impacts, and be able to
bounce back quickly in various ways (survival), have the ability to adapt,
evolve, and grow.
Based on the results of research on rational action in
economic resilience, Maliaboro street vendors have
carried out the process of resistance, recovery, creativity, production and
marketing. In the process of Resistance and production, street vendors have
reduced the number of employees, continue to produce products by utilizing the
capital provided by the government, produce products according to the needs of
the PPKM period, consider product prices, do not stop offering their products,
conduct deliberations or demonstrations to provide solutions and assistance.
In the recovery process, all street vendors have carried
out their mandatory vaccines, used masks, washed their hands, and kept their
distance. In the process of creativity, they promote their products through
online shoppe, tokopedia,
and Instagram media. The conditions felt by Maliaboro
street vendors are not only rational actions in economic resilience, they must
also make efforts to overcome the risks faced in order to be able to survive in
the PPKM policy period.
According to (Webersik, 2010), social resilience
can be used to describe how a community or group of people can adapt or adapt
to external pressures received or to an environment that experiences changes in
environmental conditions caused by natural disasters, which are strongly
influenced by social resilience.
The
decline in the quality of life faced by street vendors causes them to have to
work harder to survive in the PPKM period. So that rational action in economic
resilience becomes an effective effort to realize hope and success in work as
worship and work to survive, by utilizing their abilities to be able to
overcome risks, impacts, and can bounce back, face challenges and can accept
income uncertainty (Bandura, 1986).
CONCLUSION
The implementation of the PPKM
policy in the city of Yokyakarta has such a large
impact on social and economic aspects for Maliaboro
street vendors, causes a decrease in the quality of life which causes them to
work harder to survive in the PPKM period, be an effective effort in realizing
hope and success to be able to overcome risks, impacts, and be able to bounce
back, face challenges and be able to accept uncertainty.
Reduce the number of employees,
continue to produce products by utilizing the capital provided by the
government, bring up products according to the needs of the PPKM period,
consider product prices, do not stop offering their products, conduct
deliberations or demonstrations to provide solutions and assistance. Carry out
vaccine obligations, use masks at all times, obey and maintain distance, do not
forget to wash hands, promote their products through online shoppe,
Tokopedia, Instagram. So that way, street vendors can
survive in the current PPKM period, to keep selling during the pandemic.
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