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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SERVICE AND
RESEARCH
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PROPOSED PROBLEM-SOLVING METHOD AND IMPLEMENTATION AT PT.
SKJ
Cheryl Marlitta Stefia, Heru Kristanto
Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana, Yogyakarta,
Indonesia
Email: [email protected]*
Abstract
PT. SKJ faces several problems related to human capital and there is a
mismatch between the work standards set by the company and the objectives that
must be achieved. The focus for this case is primarily internal and sometimes
influenced by external circumstances (ex: competitors). Current human resources
have different skills and are generally unable to do other jobs. This condition
occurs in the production section, where workers in the company are required to
be able to use not just one tool but all of them. For example, the dough
cutting section must understand how to use a seasoning machine. Therefore, this
study aims to present a Proposed Problem-Solving Method and Implementation at PT.
SKJ to maximize the potential of PT. SKJ in the future. Using fishbone
analysis, the Marketing model presented by McKinsey is more familiarly called
7S and schedule management helps to provide the following solutions: (1)
prioritize the process of planning, implementing, and evaluating policies in an
accurate and periodically determined manner so that they are more organized for
all layers including from the perspective of the owner and employees, (2)
optimizing human resources by instilling the company's vision and mission for
character building for those involved in the company, (3) provide apparent
problem solving for work time and payroll processes in order to be profitable
and will not cause confuse, and (4) providing a good understanding of the
product and encouraging employees to provide input regarding product innovation
based on market conditions and existing competitors.
Keywords: human capital; human resources; work
standards
Received 01
July 2022, Revised 11 July 2022, Accepted 24 July 2022
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INTRODUCTION
When it was first found, PT.
SKJ is produced with a door-to-door system or if there is an order. This
condition happened around early until mid-2016. Entering the end of 2016, the
founders of this company started to think of making this in the form of perseroan terbatas
(PT). This is because of PT. SKJ can produce this massively with an also big
market.
From there, the process began
with looking for places where a factory could be built. And then heavy machines
produce products quickly, legal permission, until registering products to get a
halal certificate and BPOM. Until now, all permission has been obtained
legally, and products can be marketed all around Indonesia. PT. SKJ hopes to
maximize its potential and improve several sectors, particularly management
efficiency. Risk management should not be centered on avoiding hazards at all
costs, but rather on enabling risk transparency (Burggr�f, Adlon, Schupp, & Salzwedel, 2021). Instead than
focusing on avoiding hazards at all costs, risk management should facilitate
risk transparency (Demir & Kocaoglu, 2019). Therefore,
schedule management must be designed.
Schedule management plans help
manage a project's time and provide the ability to monitor different tasks
within the project (Lewis, 1993). Moreover, a
well-managed state can protect public safety by instituting an effective
preventative and response system (Wiśniewski, 2022). This not only
improves the optimal use of resources, timely completion of projects, and
effective results but also improves employee productivity. Analysis has shown
that the most significant benefits of schedule management planning are
primarily related to time management (Suresh & Sivakumar, 2019).
METHOD
This study used
qualitative methods will be used to collect the data for this project (Sekaran & Bougie, 2016). Qualitative data
is information that is presented verbally rather than symbolically or figures (Creswell, 2010). It is possible to
acquire qualitative data using an in-depth deep analysis procedure that is not
directly accessible (Boyce & Neale, 2006).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The marketing model McKinsey presented is called 7S.
7S consists of Structure, Systems, Style, Staff, Skills, Strategy and Shared
Values (Kaplan, 2005). These seven
things are mutually sustainable and cannot be separated because they are
connected. The connection and correlation between values reflect the
implementation of the main points about the performance of a company's
management system (Lewis, 2008). The following is
a diagram of the marketing model by McKinsey.
Figure 1. Diagram
of marketing model
a) Structure -> organizational structure or hierarchy
that is classified according to each group/team in a company is explained
clearly and in detail.
b) Systems -> technical business processes used to
support the company's operations.
c) Style -> culture applied in a company relates to
leadership and interaction based on employee relationships.
d) Staff -> types of workers with characteristics and
uniqueness can be seen from their behaviour and motivation to carry out work.
e) Skills ->ability or expertise in completing every
responsibility the company gives by the scope of its activities.
f) Strategy -> the key to executing ideas or plans to
lead to the main objectives to be achieved.
g) Shared values -> vision and mission inherent in a
company's corporate body and its values are understood by the parties involved.
From this model, it can be implied with an explanation
as follow:
Structure relates to human resources so that work can
be done correctly. Arrangements in the production section include: making dough
� cutting the dough, frying, flavouring until packing the goods.
The system in the company's operation is related to
internal marketing information obtained from analyzing
current sales and recognizing competitors with similar products.
Style refers to the company setting production and
sales targets, and this is so that products can be known faster on the market,
which implies to sales cycle that gets better.
Staff means the human resource is placed according to
ability but still must know other divisions. This is applied to the production
section because if there is an imbalance in the number of employees, there will
be back up so the production process will not go slower. The company also has
standards in recruiting new employees with at least three stages:
administration, interviews and medical tests.
Skills refer to the advantages of this company are an
innovation in terms of state and product variation. Staffs also have a deep
comprehension of traditional snacks.
Strategy relates to the company's interest and
marketing strategy that sells products to big and small retail.
Shared values refer to the company emphasizing
togetherness and openness, which are essential for a sense of ownership,
responsibility and loyalty to the company. Everything that interferes with work
optimization must be communicated to obtain a solution immediately.
�
A.
Fish-bone diagram
Another way to break
down the core problem in this company can be drawn using the fishbone diagram
method. It is explained as follows:
Figure 2.
Fishbone diagram
B.
Management Scheduling
This project
management scheduling calculated below is taken from PT. SKJ in Bandung. A
factory that produces traditional snacks has been running the market since
2016. Making a ton of products usually takes 33 hours to complete.
Nevertheless, using the method below will show the probability result if the
process is finished before 33 hours.
Table 1
Management
Scheduling)
|
Activity
|
Description
|
Predecessors
|
a
|
m
|
b
|
|
A
|
Making dough
|
-
|
5
|
7
|
8
|
|
B
|
Heating process
|
-
|
3
|
4
|
6
|
|
C
|
Cutting
|
A B
|
4
|
6
|
7
|
|
D
|
Seasoning
|
C
|
4
|
5
|
6
|
|
E
|
Drying
|
D
|
6
|
7
|
9
|
|
F
|
Packing
|
E
|
5
|
6
|
7
|
Expected Time (t) � t = (a+4m+6) / 6
t A = (5+(4 x 7)+8) / 6 =
6,83
t B = (3+(4 x 4)+6) / 6 =
4,16
t C = (4+(4 x 6)+7) / 6 =
5,83
t D = (4+(4 x 5)+6) / 6 = 5
t E = (6+(4 x 7)+9) / 6 =
7,16
t F = (5+(4 x 6)+7) / 6 = 6
�
�
Figure 3. Critical
Path Analysis
Figure 4. Project
Variance
Figure 5. Final
Path Analysis
CONCLUSION
To solve the problems mentioned
above, there can be several ways that can be proposed so any previous mistakes
will not be made again (1) prioritize the process of planning, implementing,
and evaluating policies in an honest and periodically determined manner so that
they are more organized for all layers including from the perspective of the
owner and employees, (2) optimizing human resources by instilling the company's
vision and mission for character building for those involved in the company,
(3) provide apparent problem solving for work time and payroll processes in
order to be profitable and will not cause confuse, and (4) providing a good
understanding of the product and encouraging employees to provide input
regarding product innovation based on market conditions and existing
competitors.
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