INTRODUCTION
In the 2013 curriculum, the development of the Indonesian
language curriculum uses a text-based language learning approach. Through this
approach, students are expected to be able to produce and use texts in
accordance with their social goals and functions. Indonesian is taught not only
as language knowledge, but as a text that carries out the function of being a
source of self-actualization for its users in an academic socio-cultural
context. The Indonesian language learning method at the Junior High School, Senior
High School, and Vocational High School levels consists of four stages, namely:
1) building context, 2) text modeling, 3) making texts together, and 4) making
texts independently. In the technical instructions for implementing the 2013
Curriculum for each subject (Permendikbud Number 58 of
2014 in Appendix III) it is stated that teachers play an active role
in developing culture in schools. The behavior and attitudes of students grow
and develop while in school and their development is influenced by the
structure and culture of the school, as well as interactions with components in
the school, such as principals, teachers, and between students.
Text is a unit of language that is carrying out a function
(Halliday & Hasan, 1992). Descriptive text
is a text that has a social purpose to describe an object/object individually
based on its physical characteristics (Mahsun, 2014).
Moreover, descriptive essay is an essay that describes or describes a certain
object or event in words clearly and in detail so that the reader seems to feel
or experience directly what the author is describing (Dalman, 2012). A language unit
that is carrying out its function, then the text can be said as a language unit
that has a complete idea or thought. Therefore, text-based language learning,
in addition to being intended so that students can use language according to
the context, can also be a means of developing thinking skills. In other words,
students are required to be able to produce text. In addition, text is a result
of thoughts born from experience, reading, actions, and feelings that are
poured into verbal or written expressions (Zainurrahman, 2011). The results of
thoughts formed through writing can be read based on the rules of proper
writing.
The selection
of research objects at MTs Al-Qalam Jereweh, because according to the author's observations
that there are still many students who have not been able to produce
descriptive texts. This is because learning to write is mostly presented in the
form of theory, not much writing practice. The situation in the field also
shows that the ability of students to accept, build new knowledge, and
experience in accordance with the learning material is still low. Students find
it difficult to communicate their knowledge in written form.
Based on the problems above, and considering the
importance of students' writing skills, especially descriptive text. Therefore,
it is very necessary to conduct research to find out "Ability to produce
descriptive texts for class VII students at MTs Al-Qalam,
Jereweh District, for the Academic Year 2021/2022. If
research is not conducted, it is possible that students' abilities in producing
descriptive texts will not develop and the way the teacher conveys the material
will be monotonous, namely only giving a lot of theory and very little practice
directly how to write good and correct descriptive texts. Based on the problems
above, this study aims to determine the students' ability in producing
descriptive text. Thus, there are efforts to improve the quality of education,
especially in terms of writing.
The results of previous research, such as (Budiyono, 2016; Burhanuddin, 2019a, 2019b; B Burhanuddin, Rusdiawan,
Intiana, Sukri, & Suyanu, 2021; Burhanuddin, Sumarlam, & Mahsun, 2019;
Diana, Mahsun, & Burhanuddin, 2018; Maretta, 2018; Munawaroh &
Markhamah, 2016; Nurfidah, Mahsun, & Burhanuddin, 2020; Paridi,
Burhanuddin, & Yulida, 2019; Paridi, Sudika, & Burhanuddin, 2018;
Purbania, Rohmadi, & Setiawan, 2020; Syafrida, Tiur, & Malan, 2018;
Syahrawati, Burhanuddin, & Mahyudi, n.d.). Budiyono (2016)
studied improving the ability to write descriptive text with serialized image
media for seventh grade students of Public Junior High School 19 Bengkulu City.
Munawaroh and Markhamah (2016)
examined students' abilities in making descriptive texts based on picture media
in class VII students of Muhammadiyah Junior High School 5 Surakarta. Permanasari (2017)
examines the ability to write descriptive texts for class VII Public Junior
High School 1 Sumber Jaya Lampung Barat. Juliyanti and Suryani (2018)
studied learning to write descriptive text using the discovery learning method
in class X students. Maretta (2018)
studied improving the ability to write descriptive texts through the use of
image media for class VII Public Junior High School 23 Medan. Syafrida et al. (2018)
studied the development of descriptive text module based on contextual for
students class x of state senior high school Gunung Meriah Aceh Singkil. Nurfidah et al. (2020)
studied the understanding of Indonesian language teachers in SMA, SMK and MA in
Mataram City towards Text-Based Indonesian Language
Learning. Burhanuddin, Mahsun, Sukri, Mahyuni, and Saharuddin (2020)
studied Teachers' Ability on Language Devices and Social Objective of the Text
in Text-Based Indonesian Language Learning at Junior High Schools Level in Mataram City. Purbania et al. (2020)
examines the ability to write descriptive texts of vocational high school
students. Kichi (2020) examines improving the ability to write
descriptive texts for Class VII Junior High School students based on the beginner
level using the semantic network retrieval technique. Maru and Nur (2020)
applying video for writing descriptive text in Senior High School in the
Covid-19 Pandemic Transition.
Based on the results of the research above, the authors
are interested in conducting research with the title "Ability to produce
descriptive texts for class VII students at MTs Al-Qalam
Jereweh.
METHOD
This research describes
how the ability of class VII students of MTs Al-Qalam
Jereweh in producing descriptive text. Therefore,
this study uses qualitative and quantitative research methods by observing the
subject and object of research based on the existing facts. The facts found are
described in depth. In this study, the researcher is the main data collector,
meaning that the research cannot be represented. Researchers participate in
activities carried out by research subjects so that researchers get accurate
information. The research was conducted at MTs Al-Qalam
Jereweh with 13 students. The research instrument
used in this research is an assignment in writing descriptive text. The theme
used by the researcher is "pet animals". Based on this, the steps in
analyzing the data are as follows. First, collect student worksheets that have
been done. Second, evaluate the results of writing a descriptive text based on
the specified assessment criteria. The results of student work are corrected
based on the assessment components, namely the structure of the description text
and the linguistic rules of the descriptive text. Based on these
considerations, the study gave a maximum score of 100 for each criterion (Nurgiyantoro, 2013). The maximum score
is divided into two aspects of the same assessment with the details of the
structural aspects. Description text is given a score of 50 and linguistic
rules is given a score of 50.
Description:
I = Identification
DB. = Part
Description
S = Conclusion
Based on the
table above, the results of the ability to write descriptive texts of students
vary, 2 people get a value of 100, 2 people get a value of 95, 2 people get a
value of 85, 3 people get a value of 80, 2 people get a value of 75, 1 person
gets a value of 70 and 1 person got a score of 48. Students' writing ability
can be seen from the results in the table above that most of the students are
able to write descriptive text correctly and there are some whose scores are
still low.
Based on the
presentation of the results of data analysis, the seventh grade students of MTs
Al-Qalam Jereweh in writing
descriptive texts are classified as capable. Students are in the category of
being able to describe a text based on the pattern of writing descriptive text
which can be seen through writing the structure of the text and the
characteristics of the linguistic rules of the text made by students. By
looking at the results of the acquisition of grades, there are several students
who can describe the meaning of the actual descriptive text. In addition, the
researchers also found that students were quite able to describe something that
could describe the structure of the text in detail and it was still difficult
to find the characteristics of linguistic rules contained in students' writing
by looking at the scores of students who were in the quite capable category and
needed additional learning so that students better understand writing patterns.
good description text. The ability to write descriptive text based on the
structure of the text, the seventh grade students of MTs Al-Qalam
Jereweh obtained an average score of 82.3 and were in
the capable category.
The value of
the text structure and linguistic rules from the results of this study, VII
grade students of MTs Al-Qalam Jereweh
in writing descriptive texts, the researchers got the following final results:
1 student got a score of 100 which was obtained by students with code number 10
on behalf of Nailah Dhea Sya'wanah, 3 students got a score of 95 students with code
numbers 1, 5 and 9 on behalf of M. Aldi, Novriandri Risma Saputri and Zalfa Rizki Annisa,
1 person got a score of 90 which was obtained by students with code number 4 on
behalf of Muhammad Erwin, 2 people got a score of 85 namely students with code
numbers 6 and 7 on behalf of Olivia Zarlianti Auliah and Riyens AG Asfiawar, 2 people got a score of 80 obtained by students
with code number 3, and 8 on behalf of Muhammad Ashari
Azzaki and Yusril Syahri Ramdani, 1 person got a
score of 75, namely student with code number 12 on behalf of Arin Sofia Merdeka
Matari, 1 person got a score of 73, namely students
with code number 11 on behalf of Fariz Ahmad Mumtaz, 1 person got a score of 70, namely students with n
number 2 is in the name of M. Hanif Rifki Alifansyah, and 1 person gets a score of 48 with code
number 13 on behalf of Amira Firda Haqifah. By looking at the results of students writing
descriptive texts, it can be concluded that the ability to write descriptive
texts for class VII MTs Al-Qalam Jereweh
is included in the capable category, although there are still some students who
need to be given guidance and re-understanding regarding how to write
descriptive text correctly.
There are some
students who fall into the capable category in the aspect of text structure,
but get less marks in the aspect of linguistic rules, for example, students
with code 1 (M. Aldi) get a score of 100 on the aspect of text structure and
get a score of 90 on the aspect of linguistic rules. There are also students
who get low marks in the aspect of the structure of the text but in the aspect
of linguistic rules, these students get good grades. For example, students with
code 8 (Yusril Syahri Ramdani) got a score of 70 on the text structure aspect and
got a score of 90 on the aspect of linguistic rules, and a child with code 2
(M. Hanif Rifki Alifansyah)
also got a low score on the text structure aspect, namely 60 and on the aspect
of linguistic rules gets a score of 80. There are also children who get low
scores in both aspects, namely the child with code 13 (Amira Firda Haqifah) who gets a value
of 40 on the aspect of text structure and gets a score of 56 on the aspect of
linguistic rules. This is because during the learning process there are still
some students who pay less attention to the teacher's explanation and pay
attention to other things so that they do not understand the writing learning
material, especially in writing this descriptive text. So there are some
children who are categorized as less capable in writing descriptive text.
CONCLUSION
From the results of research on
13 students and based on the results of the research and discussion that have
been described previously.
The ability to write descriptive
texts in class VII MTs Al-Qalam Jereweh
seen from the assessed aspects, that students are able to write descriptive
texts well. This is evidenced by the results of student work which shows that
students who get a score of 100 are 1 person and those who get a score of 95
are 3 people, who get a score of 90 as many as 1 person, who get a score of 85
as much as 2 people, who get a score of 80 as much as 2 people , who got a
score of 75 as many as 1 person, who got a score of 73 as many as 1 person, who
got a score of 70 as many as 1 person and who got a score of 56 as much as 1
person.
In some students, the ability to
write descriptive texts in class VII MTs Al-Qalam Jereweh seen from the linguistic rules of the text is still
low.
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